Formatted - RESPIRATION
... The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A comprises following steps : 1. Pyruvate combines with the cofactor TPP (thymine pyrophosphate) and loses CO2. The reaction is catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase component (called E1) of the multi-enzyme complex. ...
... The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A comprises following steps : 1. Pyruvate combines with the cofactor TPP (thymine pyrophosphate) and loses CO2. The reaction is catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase component (called E1) of the multi-enzyme complex. ...
Page 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
... twenty types which differ by the R group. Can identify amino acid structure, given a structural formula and a suitable table showing -R groups. 26. Polymerisation occurs by condensation, to form peptide bonds giving rise to dipeptides and polypeptides. Can complete a diagram showing condensation, gi ...
... twenty types which differ by the R group. Can identify amino acid structure, given a structural formula and a suitable table showing -R groups. 26. Polymerisation occurs by condensation, to form peptide bonds giving rise to dipeptides and polypeptides. Can complete a diagram showing condensation, gi ...
Chapter 4 - Aqueous Reactions
... A metal can be oxidized by any ion below it Metals above H, react with acids to give H2 The further up the series, the more readily the metal is oxidized See your textbook (p124) for more elements ...
... A metal can be oxidized by any ion below it Metals above H, react with acids to give H2 The further up the series, the more readily the metal is oxidized See your textbook (p124) for more elements ...
Chapter 4
... concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete. Equivalence point – the point at which the reaction is complete Indicator – substance that changes color at (or near) the ...
... concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete. Equivalence point – the point at which the reaction is complete Indicator – substance that changes color at (or near) the ...
Carbon Isotope Fractionation by Autotrophic Bacteria with Three
... theses): A lkaligenes eutrophus (reductive pentose phosphate cycle), D esulfobacterium autotrophicum and A cetobacterium w oodii (reductive acetyl-C oA pathway), D esulfobacter hydrogenophilus and T herm oproteus neutrophilus (reductive citric acid cycle). The A ö l3C values, which indicate the p e ...
... theses): A lkaligenes eutrophus (reductive pentose phosphate cycle), D esulfobacterium autotrophicum and A cetobacterium w oodii (reductive acetyl-C oA pathway), D esulfobacter hydrogenophilus and T herm oproteus neutrophilus (reductive citric acid cycle). The A ö l3C values, which indicate the p e ...
What is Respiration? - Deans Community High School
... Glycolysis takes place as before, only this time, pyruvate is broken down into Carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol). As carbon dioxide is produced, the reaction cannot be reversed. ...
... Glycolysis takes place as before, only this time, pyruvate is broken down into Carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol). As carbon dioxide is produced, the reaction cannot be reversed. ...
KETONE BODY METABOLISM - Qassim College of Medicine
... – In starvation the fatty acids [and amino acids] are used for energy needs of the body after the glucose reserves are finished. – This results in overproduction of Acetyl CoA which is not fully handled by TCA cycle . – TCA cycle is impaired due to deficiency of oxaloacetate which is diverted to glu ...
... – In starvation the fatty acids [and amino acids] are used for energy needs of the body after the glucose reserves are finished. – This results in overproduction of Acetyl CoA which is not fully handled by TCA cycle . – TCA cycle is impaired due to deficiency of oxaloacetate which is diverted to glu ...
of the fatty acid is oxidized. Fatty acid oxidation is divided into two
... complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis . The oxidation of fatty acids containing double bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon ato ...
... complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis . The oxidation of fatty acids containing double bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon ato ...
Water soluble Vit. Vit C: (Ascorbic Acid)
... ,,vegetable diet lack this vit.. Alcoholism is an important precipitating factor for niacin deficiency . ...
... ,,vegetable diet lack this vit.. Alcoholism is an important precipitating factor for niacin deficiency . ...
Microsoft Word
... Streptomyces sp. NCIM 2730, the effect of addition of different amino acids on the specific activity of GXI was studied. The amino acid composition of GXI from Streptomyces sp. NCIM 2730 reveals predominance of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine. Therefore, the effect of coordinated addition o ...
... Streptomyces sp. NCIM 2730, the effect of addition of different amino acids on the specific activity of GXI was studied. The amino acid composition of GXI from Streptomyces sp. NCIM 2730 reveals predominance of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine. Therefore, the effect of coordinated addition o ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of the glycosphingolipids and Ceramidase hydrolyzes the amide bond between the fatty acid and sphingosine in the dietary sphingolipids. Products of lipid digestion are monosaccharides, modified monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol, polar alcohols, phosphate, sphingos ...
... hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of the glycosphingolipids and Ceramidase hydrolyzes the amide bond between the fatty acid and sphingosine in the dietary sphingolipids. Products of lipid digestion are monosaccharides, modified monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol, polar alcohols, phosphate, sphingos ...
10-Urea cycle
... that undergoes rapid oxidative deamination Oxidative deamination of glutamate will ...
... that undergoes rapid oxidative deamination Oxidative deamination of glutamate will ...
Translation
... 3. In the presence of additional initiation factors, the large ribosomal subunit is added, which aligns the first AUG in the message with a P site of the ribosome 4. A tRNA called f-met-tRNA is postioned on the ribosome so that it's anticodon pairs with the AUG in the mRNA. in prokaryotes, the tRNA ...
... 3. In the presence of additional initiation factors, the large ribosomal subunit is added, which aligns the first AUG in the message with a P site of the ribosome 4. A tRNA called f-met-tRNA is postioned on the ribosome so that it's anticodon pairs with the AUG in the mRNA. in prokaryotes, the tRNA ...
NAME: Chemistry 232 Analytical Chemistry
... concentrations of a mixture of CaCl2 and 0.5M phosphoric acid at pH 8. This was a complicated problem because Phosphoric acid is a multiprotic acid (H3A) with Ka’s of 7.11x10-3, 6.32x10-8 and 7.1x10-13. Today you are in a much better position to attack this problem. A. (5 points) What is the predomi ...
... concentrations of a mixture of CaCl2 and 0.5M phosphoric acid at pH 8. This was a complicated problem because Phosphoric acid is a multiprotic acid (H3A) with Ka’s of 7.11x10-3, 6.32x10-8 and 7.1x10-13. Today you are in a much better position to attack this problem. A. (5 points) What is the predomi ...
Lecture-Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... use as fuel or store as fat Malonyl CoA (fatty acid biosynthesis) not formed, so carnitine acyltransferase I not inhibited Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl CoA (which cannot go to TCA because cycle intermediates have been used in gluconeogenesis) Accumulating acetyl CoA accele ...
... use as fuel or store as fat Malonyl CoA (fatty acid biosynthesis) not formed, so carnitine acyltransferase I not inhibited Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl CoA (which cannot go to TCA because cycle intermediates have been used in gluconeogenesis) Accumulating acetyl CoA accele ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Water synthesis ultimately results in phosphorylation, which (in this case) converts ADP to ATP. Since an anhydride bond must be created, there is a need of energy. ATP synthesis must therefore be coupled to the synthesis of water if spontaneity is to be maintained. The link is effected by introduci ...
... Water synthesis ultimately results in phosphorylation, which (in this case) converts ADP to ATP. Since an anhydride bond must be created, there is a need of energy. ATP synthesis must therefore be coupled to the synthesis of water if spontaneity is to be maintained. The link is effected by introduci ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Homogenates of
... The data in the present study show that a valid assay for the oxidizing enzymes of the Krebs cycle can be obtained only during the period in which the phosphate balance is being maintained, and that in homogenates in which no phase II occurs the period of valid oxygen uptake rate may be very brief a ...
... The data in the present study show that a valid assay for the oxidizing enzymes of the Krebs cycle can be obtained only during the period in which the phosphate balance is being maintained, and that in homogenates in which no phase II occurs the period of valid oxygen uptake rate may be very brief a ...
Biomacromolecules ppt
... Amino acids (monomers) bonded together by peptide bonds that form straight chains of Polymers(=polypeptide). Very large polypeptide = protein. Metabolic proteins are Enzymes. Peptide bond is formed by the Amino/Carboxyl sections of the Amino acid. The R group is responsible for the Hydrogen and ioni ...
... Amino acids (monomers) bonded together by peptide bonds that form straight chains of Polymers(=polypeptide). Very large polypeptide = protein. Metabolic proteins are Enzymes. Peptide bond is formed by the Amino/Carboxyl sections of the Amino acid. The R group is responsible for the Hydrogen and ioni ...
farah el nazer corrected by dana al sharif
... carboxyl group to pyruvate ) ( pyruvate got 3 carbon atoms and when we add the pyruvate carboxylase they become 4 carbons which is oxaloacetate) • It requires biotin (vitamin B7) as a cofactor. •it is activated by acetyl CoA. (Why?) To complete the citric acid cycle, so if the acetyl CoA conc. incre ...
... carboxyl group to pyruvate ) ( pyruvate got 3 carbon atoms and when we add the pyruvate carboxylase they become 4 carbons which is oxaloacetate) • It requires biotin (vitamin B7) as a cofactor. •it is activated by acetyl CoA. (Why?) To complete the citric acid cycle, so if the acetyl CoA conc. incre ...
Lab Module 8: Phenol-Red Carbohydrate Fermentation Broths
... allows the production of ATP without the need for atmospheric oxygen (O2). This process usually involves the following steps: Step One: Step Two: Step Three: ...
... allows the production of ATP without the need for atmospheric oxygen (O2). This process usually involves the following steps: Step One: Step Two: Step Three: ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.