Physical and functional link of the leukemia
... far, it has been reported that AML1 is disrupted by other translocations such as t(3;21),3,4 t(12;21),5,6 and t(16;21).7,8 AML1 also has been found to be mutated in familial platelet disorder (FPD) associated with a predisposition to leukemia9 and in sporadic cases of AML and myelodysplastic syndrom ...
... far, it has been reported that AML1 is disrupted by other translocations such as t(3;21),3,4 t(12;21),5,6 and t(16;21).7,8 AML1 also has been found to be mutated in familial platelet disorder (FPD) associated with a predisposition to leukemia9 and in sporadic cases of AML and myelodysplastic syndrom ...
Calcium: silver bullet in signaling
... movement into and out of the nucleus [67]. ATP stimulates Ca2 + uptake into nuclei and studies implicate CaM involvement in this uptake process [67]. Currently, little is known about the participation of nuclear Ca2 + stores in increasing cytosolic Ca2 + and vice versa. Ca2 + uptake studies with iso ...
... movement into and out of the nucleus [67]. ATP stimulates Ca2 + uptake into nuclei and studies implicate CaM involvement in this uptake process [67]. Currently, little is known about the participation of nuclear Ca2 + stores in increasing cytosolic Ca2 + and vice versa. Ca2 + uptake studies with iso ...
della protein function during differential growth - RiuNet
... processes were regulated by “substances” with a capacity to move from one part of the plant to another. Today, more than one hundred years later, most of these substances have been identified as small molecules derived from secondary metabolic pathways. In general, these compounds are present at ver ...
... processes were regulated by “substances” with a capacity to move from one part of the plant to another. Today, more than one hundred years later, most of these substances have been identified as small molecules derived from secondary metabolic pathways. In general, these compounds are present at ver ...
PapD-like chaperones and pilus biogenesis
... The crystal structure of PapD and the solution structure of FimC, and more recently, the crystal structures of the FimC᎐FimH chaperone᎐adhesin complex and the PapD᎐PapK chaperone᎐pilin complex have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an ...
... The crystal structure of PapD and the solution structure of FimC, and more recently, the crystal structures of the FimC᎐FimH chaperone᎐adhesin complex and the PapD᎐PapK chaperone᎐pilin complex have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an ...
Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
... in the control of cellular lipid stores was suggested by the observation that hormone-stimulated lipolysis in these mice was reduced. Thus, in addition to keeping lipases at bay under basal conditions, perilipin appears to coordinate the recruitment and/or activation of lipases under lipolytic condi ...
... in the control of cellular lipid stores was suggested by the observation that hormone-stimulated lipolysis in these mice was reduced. Thus, in addition to keeping lipases at bay under basal conditions, perilipin appears to coordinate the recruitment and/or activation of lipases under lipolytic condi ...
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy
... of adenine and ribose 1-phosphate into inosine (Δε = − 6.4 mM− 1 cm− 1). The standard assay mixture contained 67 μM adenine and 125 μM ribose-1phosphate in 0.1 M Tris–HCl buffer, pH 7.5. Activity of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was assayed spectrophotometrically according to Koch and Vallee [28] ...
... of adenine and ribose 1-phosphate into inosine (Δε = − 6.4 mM− 1 cm− 1). The standard assay mixture contained 67 μM adenine and 125 μM ribose-1phosphate in 0.1 M Tris–HCl buffer, pH 7.5. Activity of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was assayed spectrophotometrically according to Koch and Vallee [28] ...
A role for wingless in the segmental gradient of Drosophila?
... for 2.5 hours at 25°C, then aged 13.5 hours at 15°C, given a heatshock pulse and left at 15°C for 4 days. Although the resulting smooth phenotypes are more variable than those of embryos kept at 15°C all the time, we did not observe consistent differences between embryos with or without the HSwg con ...
... for 2.5 hours at 25°C, then aged 13.5 hours at 15°C, given a heatshock pulse and left at 15°C for 4 days. Although the resulting smooth phenotypes are more variable than those of embryos kept at 15°C all the time, we did not observe consistent differences between embryos with or without the HSwg con ...
No Slide Title
... • Lysozyme digests debris from cell walls of bacteria that have already been processed by other enzymes. • Another function of lysozyme is to modulate inflammation by suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism. ...
... • Lysozyme digests debris from cell walls of bacteria that have already been processed by other enzymes. • Another function of lysozyme is to modulate inflammation by suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism. ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
... proteins would show the hydrophobicity of Omp2b and both would have significantly more surface exposed epitopes. Omp25 shows small identity with E. coli OmpA, previously suggested to be the equivalent of group 3, and there is also a large difference in size (113 amino acids). However, although not h ...
... proteins would show the hydrophobicity of Omp2b and both would have significantly more surface exposed epitopes. Omp25 shows small identity with E. coli OmpA, previously suggested to be the equivalent of group 3, and there is also a large difference in size (113 amino acids). However, although not h ...
S C T
... pore-forming toxins) partition spontaneously into the host cell membrane where they fold and/or assemble and form integral membrane protein pores that promote translocation of toxins into the cytoplasm of the host cell (Krantz et al., 2005). The membrane spanning part of these pores can either have ...
... pore-forming toxins) partition spontaneously into the host cell membrane where they fold and/or assemble and form integral membrane protein pores that promote translocation of toxins into the cytoplasm of the host cell (Krantz et al., 2005). The membrane spanning part of these pores can either have ...
Investigating the functional significance of evolutionarily conserved
... and hypomorphic-antimorph. Null alleles were nonsense mutations resulting in truncation and loss of highly conserved protein domains. Hypomorphic alleles were missense and small deletion mutations in highly conserved protein domains, including the DYTQL motif, YPWM motif and C-terminal domain (CTD). ...
... and hypomorphic-antimorph. Null alleles were nonsense mutations resulting in truncation and loss of highly conserved protein domains. Hypomorphic alleles were missense and small deletion mutations in highly conserved protein domains, including the DYTQL motif, YPWM motif and C-terminal domain (CTD). ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... interpreted as suggesting that the role of GalTase was compensated by other factors and another candidate SED1 was reported as a second zona-binding factor (Ensslin and Shur, 2003). When SED1 gene was disrupted, it was found that the mice were not sterile. Such an unexpected outcome by disrupting ge ...
... interpreted as suggesting that the role of GalTase was compensated by other factors and another candidate SED1 was reported as a second zona-binding factor (Ensslin and Shur, 2003). When SED1 gene was disrupted, it was found that the mice were not sterile. Such an unexpected outcome by disrupting ge ...
Prox1 and fibroblast growth factor receptors form a
... Fig. 2. Posterior cells of the Prox1 cKO LV exit the cell cycle. (A,A′) E13.5 WT lenses exhibit EduClick (EduC)-positive cells (red) in the epithelium (arrows), but they were absent from the transition zone and from LFs. (B,B′) E13.5 Prox1 cKO lenses maintained cell proliferation in the anterior asp ...
... Fig. 2. Posterior cells of the Prox1 cKO LV exit the cell cycle. (A,A′) E13.5 WT lenses exhibit EduClick (EduC)-positive cells (red) in the epithelium (arrows), but they were absent from the transition zone and from LFs. (B,B′) E13.5 Prox1 cKO lenses maintained cell proliferation in the anterior asp ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... Loss of cell polarity and tissue architecture are characteristics of malignant cancers derived from epithelial tissues. We provide evidence from Drosophila that a group of membrane-associated proteins act in concert to regulate both epithelial structure and cell proliferation. Scribble (Scrib) is a ...
... Loss of cell polarity and tissue architecture are characteristics of malignant cancers derived from epithelial tissues. We provide evidence from Drosophila that a group of membrane-associated proteins act in concert to regulate both epithelial structure and cell proliferation. Scribble (Scrib) is a ...
Reduced initiation frequency from oriC restores viability of a
... E. coli cells with reduced DnaA protein activity, due either to certain mutations in domain III or IV of the protein, or to the introduction of additional datA sites, initiate replication at an increased cell mass per origin. Initiations are often asynchronous, indicating that not all origins are in ...
... E. coli cells with reduced DnaA protein activity, due either to certain mutations in domain III or IV of the protein, or to the introduction of additional datA sites, initiate replication at an increased cell mass per origin. Initiations are often asynchronous, indicating that not all origins are in ...
Ceman, S, O Donnell, WT, Reed, M, Patton, S, Pohl, J and Warren, ST: Phosphorylation regulates translation state of FMRP-associated polyribosomes. Human Molecular Genetics 12:3295-3305 (2003).
... detected by precursor ion scanning. (B) Phosphopeptides from murine brain detected by tandem mass spectrometry. All species contain a single phosphorylation site unless otherwise indicated in bold. ...
... detected by precursor ion scanning. (B) Phosphopeptides from murine brain detected by tandem mass spectrometry. All species contain a single phosphorylation site unless otherwise indicated in bold. ...
The symbiotic ion channel homolog DMI1 is localized in the nuclear
... and which are blocked at various points in the symbiotic interaction (reviewed by Riely et al., 2006). A subset of Nod– mutants are also unable to form symbiotic associations with AM fungi, indicating that these genes participate in a common symbiotic pathway (Catoira et al., 2000; Kistner et al., 2 ...
... and which are blocked at various points in the symbiotic interaction (reviewed by Riely et al., 2006). A subset of Nod– mutants are also unable to form symbiotic associations with AM fungi, indicating that these genes participate in a common symbiotic pathway (Catoira et al., 2000; Kistner et al., 2 ...
The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions
... discovered as a tumor suppressor protein [1, 2]. After 26 years of study, it is now clear that the p53 protein not only operates ...
... discovered as a tumor suppressor protein [1, 2]. After 26 years of study, it is now clear that the p53 protein not only operates ...
Increased and controlled expression of the Rickettsia
... Detailed molecular analysis of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase, an obligate exchange transport system that is specific for ATP and ADP, has been extremely difficult due to limited quantities of material available from these obligate intracytoplasmic bacteria and by the toxicity and poo ...
... Detailed molecular analysis of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase, an obligate exchange transport system that is specific for ATP and ADP, has been extremely difficult due to limited quantities of material available from these obligate intracytoplasmic bacteria and by the toxicity and poo ...
Nonsense Suppression as an Approach to Treat Lysosomal Storage
... when a termination signal is recognized and the newly made protein is released from the ribosome; and (4) recycling of the ribosome and translation factors. During translation elongation [5], codons located in the ribosomal acceptor (A) site are decoded by eEF1A-bound tRNAs in a two-step process. Fi ...
... when a termination signal is recognized and the newly made protein is released from the ribosome; and (4) recycling of the ribosome and translation factors. During translation elongation [5], codons located in the ribosomal acceptor (A) site are decoded by eEF1A-bound tRNAs in a two-step process. Fi ...
Incorporating key position and amino acid residue features to
... that the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in regulating a variety of biological processes, such as the cell cycle and division, the immune response, inflammation and signal transduction (Reinstein and Ciechanover, 2006). Further analysis proposed that ubiquitin-mediated ubiqui ...
... that the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in regulating a variety of biological processes, such as the cell cycle and division, the immune response, inflammation and signal transduction (Reinstein and Ciechanover, 2006). Further analysis proposed that ubiquitin-mediated ubiqui ...
ASARM mineralization hypothesis: A bridge too far?
... hypophosphatemia (XLH) and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR).(4,6–9) XLH and ARHR have similar phenotypes, characterized by elevated FGF23 levels, hypophosphatemia, aberrant regulation of 1,25(OH)2D production, and rickets/osteomalacia. XLH is caused by mutations of the phosphate-r ...
... hypophosphatemia (XLH) and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR).(4,6–9) XLH and ARHR have similar phenotypes, characterized by elevated FGF23 levels, hypophosphatemia, aberrant regulation of 1,25(OH)2D production, and rickets/osteomalacia. XLH is caused by mutations of the phosphate-r ...
Schubert, C. M., R. Lin, C. J. de Vries, R. H. A.
... sperm entry appears to define the posterior pole of the C. elegans embryo. After fertilization, the proteins PAR-1 and PAR-2 localize to the posterior cortex of the embryo (Guo and Kemphues, 1995; Boyd et al., 1996) and PAR-3, PKC-3, and PAR-6 localize to the anterior cortex (Etemad-Moghadam et al., ...
... sperm entry appears to define the posterior pole of the C. elegans embryo. After fertilization, the proteins PAR-1 and PAR-2 localize to the posterior cortex of the embryo (Guo and Kemphues, 1995; Boyd et al., 1996) and PAR-3, PKC-3, and PAR-6 localize to the anterior cortex (Etemad-Moghadam et al., ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER-to-Golgi protein transport may occur in plants. It was proposed that Golgi bodies move between fixed ERES in an actinmyosin–dependent fashion (stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). This model suggests that Golgi bodies become competent for cargo collection once they come to a halt on an ER ...
... ER-to-Golgi protein transport may occur in plants. It was proposed that Golgi bodies move between fixed ERES in an actinmyosin–dependent fashion (stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). This model suggests that Golgi bodies become competent for cargo collection once they come to a halt on an ER ...
Spatial localization of the first and last enzymes effectively connects
... reproduced in vitro [5,6]; nevertheless, aside from a few exceptions where enzymes form macromolecular complexes [7-9], little is known about the cellular organization of enzymes. It is possible that the existence of large multi-enzyme complexes, as opposed to freely diffusing enzymes, could either ...
... reproduced in vitro [5,6]; nevertheless, aside from a few exceptions where enzymes form macromolecular complexes [7-9], little is known about the cellular organization of enzymes. It is possible that the existence of large multi-enzyme complexes, as opposed to freely diffusing enzymes, could either ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.