Disruption and aberrant expression of HMGA2 as a
... human mesenchymal tumors, resulting in fusion to diverse partner genes. In lipomas, HMGA2 has been shown to fuse to LPP at 3q27–q28, a gene encoding an LIM domain-containing protein;8,15 to LHFP at 13q12, the function of which is still unknown;16 to the G-protein-coupled receptor RDC1 at 2q35– 3717 ...
... human mesenchymal tumors, resulting in fusion to diverse partner genes. In lipomas, HMGA2 has been shown to fuse to LPP at 3q27–q28, a gene encoding an LIM domain-containing protein;8,15 to LHFP at 13q12, the function of which is still unknown;16 to the G-protein-coupled receptor RDC1 at 2q35– 3717 ...
View Full PDF - Essays in Biochemistry
... cofactor [18]. The pyruvate is generated by an autocatalytical cleavage of the AdoMetDC protein after synthesis [19]. Mammalian AdoMetDC is produced as a pro-enzyme which is rapidly cleaved into two differently sized subunits, which both are part of the active heterotetrameric form of the enzyme [18 ...
... cofactor [18]. The pyruvate is generated by an autocatalytical cleavage of the AdoMetDC protein after synthesis [19]. Mammalian AdoMetDC is produced as a pro-enzyme which is rapidly cleaved into two differently sized subunits, which both are part of the active heterotetrameric form of the enzyme [18 ...
A storage form of ribosomes in mouse oocytes
... for making whole mount preparations or for of the beads averaged 212 A while the con embedding and sectioning. DNase had no nections between beads were approx. 1 25 A effect on the lattices, but they were readily in diameter. destroyed by either trypsin or RNase. In all Sometimes the chains existed ...
... for making whole mount preparations or for of the beads averaged 212 A while the con embedding and sectioning. DNase had no nections between beads were approx. 1 25 A effect on the lattices, but they were readily in diameter. destroyed by either trypsin or RNase. In all Sometimes the chains existed ...
Development, structure, and maintenance of C
... control by zygotically expressed genes (Baugh and Hunter, 2006). In the C and D lineages at least, pal-1 initially acts as a maternal factor for body wall muscle cell fate (Hunter and Kenyon, 1996; Edgar et al., 2001). pal-1 encodes a Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor (Hunter and Kenyon, ...
... control by zygotically expressed genes (Baugh and Hunter, 2006). In the C and D lineages at least, pal-1 initially acts as a maternal factor for body wall muscle cell fate (Hunter and Kenyon, 1996; Edgar et al., 2001). pal-1 encodes a Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor (Hunter and Kenyon, ...
Utilization of organophosphate:phosphate antiporter for isotope
... accept PEP as substrate. However, for the transport of PEP, two transport proteins, PgtP from S. enterica and the E. coli UhpT-variant UhpT-D388C have been described (Varadhachary & Maloney, 1991; Hall et al., 1999; Hall & Maloney, 2001). To allow the IPTG-inducible expression of the organophosphate ...
... accept PEP as substrate. However, for the transport of PEP, two transport proteins, PgtP from S. enterica and the E. coli UhpT-variant UhpT-D388C have been described (Varadhachary & Maloney, 1991; Hall et al., 1999; Hall & Maloney, 2001). To allow the IPTG-inducible expression of the organophosphate ...
ccxxv. sulphydryl groups and enzymic oxido
... It was therefore thought desirable that as many protein systems as possible should be studied in vitro with respect to their sensitiveness to iodoacetic acid. Those which should prove to be appreciably inactivated by this acid were to be examined for SH and to see to what extent their activity depen ...
... It was therefore thought desirable that as many protein systems as possible should be studied in vitro with respect to their sensitiveness to iodoacetic acid. Those which should prove to be appreciably inactivated by this acid were to be examined for SH and to see to what extent their activity depen ...
EnvZ is not essential for the upregulation of OmpC following
... was expected to have lower OmpC expression and therefore be more sensitive to kanamycin compared to the wild type strain. In addition, we also expected that the wild type salt and kanamycin pre-treated samples would upregulate OmpC and would therefore require a higher lethal concentration of kanamyc ...
... was expected to have lower OmpC expression and therefore be more sensitive to kanamycin compared to the wild type strain. In addition, we also expected that the wild type salt and kanamycin pre-treated samples would upregulate OmpC and would therefore require a higher lethal concentration of kanamyc ...
Antibody purification handbook
... each other by disulphide bonds. These disulphide bonds are located in a flexible region of the heavy chain known as the hinge, a region of approximately 12 amino acids that is exposed to enzymatic or chemical cleavage. Each globular region formed by the folding of the polypeptide chains as a result ...
... each other by disulphide bonds. These disulphide bonds are located in a flexible region of the heavy chain known as the hinge, a region of approximately 12 amino acids that is exposed to enzymatic or chemical cleavage. Each globular region formed by the folding of the polypeptide chains as a result ...
Visualization of APP dimerization and APP-Notch2 fluorescence complementation
... in Drosophila, knockout mouse models suggest its involvement in neural progenitor cell regulation and learning and memory [reviewed in Yoon and Gaiano (2005)]. In contrast, putative ligands for the extracellular portion of APP that affect its proteolytic processing and signaling have remained elusiv ...
... in Drosophila, knockout mouse models suggest its involvement in neural progenitor cell regulation and learning and memory [reviewed in Yoon and Gaiano (2005)]. In contrast, putative ligands for the extracellular portion of APP that affect its proteolytic processing and signaling have remained elusiv ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... microtubules by factors that associate with the microtubule motor kinesin 1. In the case of mitochondria, this occurs through kinesin 1 binding to the cytoplasmic protein MILTON, which in turn binds MIRO on the outer mitochondrial membrane. MIRO is important for mitochondrial movement. Less is known ...
... microtubules by factors that associate with the microtubule motor kinesin 1. In the case of mitochondria, this occurs through kinesin 1 binding to the cytoplasmic protein MILTON, which in turn binds MIRO on the outer mitochondrial membrane. MIRO is important for mitochondrial movement. Less is known ...
AraC Protein, Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia
... The bacterium Escherichia coli can use L-arabinose, a fivecarbon sugar and a constituent of some plant cell walls, as a source of carbon and energy. Initial work with the arabinose genes began as a laboratory exercise in a summer course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. These studies led to the find ...
... The bacterium Escherichia coli can use L-arabinose, a fivecarbon sugar and a constituent of some plant cell walls, as a source of carbon and energy. Initial work with the arabinose genes began as a laboratory exercise in a summer course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. These studies led to the find ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... pool. Furthermore under physiological conditions AmtB activity is required for GlnK deuridylylation. Hence the transporter is an integral part of the signal transduction cascade, and AmtB can be formally considered to act as an ammonium sensor. This system provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism ...
... pool. Furthermore under physiological conditions AmtB activity is required for GlnK deuridylylation. Hence the transporter is an integral part of the signal transduction cascade, and AmtB can be formally considered to act as an ammonium sensor. This system provides an exquisitely sensitive mechanism ...
Gre factors-mediated control of hilD transcription is essential for the
... that infects both humans and animals, is extensively used as a model organism in pathogenicity studies [1,2]. S. Typhimurium infection is asymptomatic in poultry, but causes gastroenteritis in humans [3]. Its infectious cycle is complex and requires the expression of a large number of virulence fact ...
... that infects both humans and animals, is extensively used as a model organism in pathogenicity studies [1,2]. S. Typhimurium infection is asymptomatic in poultry, but causes gastroenteritis in humans [3]. Its infectious cycle is complex and requires the expression of a large number of virulence fact ...
- Department of Biosystems Science and
... different means depending on the context. These experiments have suggested that Hsp90 does not act as a general repressor or an activator of transcription, but rather chaperones different proteins in a gene-specific way. It is required for release of glucocorticoid receptors from chromatin after the ...
... different means depending on the context. These experiments have suggested that Hsp90 does not act as a general repressor or an activator of transcription, but rather chaperones different proteins in a gene-specific way. It is required for release of glucocorticoid receptors from chromatin after the ...
The Nicotiana tabacum genome encodes two cytoplasmic
... KpnI (three bands). Copy number reconstruction with DNA digested with EcoRI indicates that there is approximately one gene copy per haploid genome. The band patterns and intensity of hybridization can be consistently interpreted to give a total per genome of two genes which are homologous to thiored ...
... KpnI (three bands). Copy number reconstruction with DNA digested with EcoRI indicates that there is approximately one gene copy per haploid genome. The band patterns and intensity of hybridization can be consistently interpreted to give a total per genome of two genes which are homologous to thiored ...
Mechanisms of plasmid stable maintenance with special focus on
... plasmids are retained over generations without any selective pressure. Thus, there have to exist mechanisms which enable the maintenance of the plasmid during cell growth in nonselective conditions. Systems that contribute to this stability are encoded by DNA cassettes and are, in most cases, indepe ...
... plasmids are retained over generations without any selective pressure. Thus, there have to exist mechanisms which enable the maintenance of the plasmid during cell growth in nonselective conditions. Systems that contribute to this stability are encoded by DNA cassettes and are, in most cases, indepe ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... libraries of enzyme variants. Bacteria and yeast are preferred, but eukaryotic proteins often fail to express in active form in these cells. We have attempted to resolve this problem by identifying mutations in the target gene that facilitate its functional expression in a given recombinant host. He ...
... libraries of enzyme variants. Bacteria and yeast are preferred, but eukaryotic proteins often fail to express in active form in these cells. We have attempted to resolve this problem by identifying mutations in the target gene that facilitate its functional expression in a given recombinant host. He ...
Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes Relationships
... 16S rRNA (oligonucleotide) sequences and phylogeny. However, during the past 10 years, much new information on different gene sequences, including the entire genomes of several prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, has accumulated (15, 26, 45, 66, 72, 73, 80, 119, 128, 138, 147, 215, 242). Based on th ...
... 16S rRNA (oligonucleotide) sequences and phylogeny. However, during the past 10 years, much new information on different gene sequences, including the entire genomes of several prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, has accumulated (15, 26, 45, 66, 72, 73, 80, 119, 128, 138, 147, 215, 242). Based on th ...
Chemical characterization and in situ nutrient degradability of wet
... grain used by ethanol distilleries. Barley grain is another important crop grown in western Canada and can be used alone or in combination with wheat to reduce the cost of ethanol production. Due to differences in hull content between barley and wheat, barley-based distillers' grains are expected to ...
... grain used by ethanol distilleries. Barley grain is another important crop grown in western Canada and can be used alone or in combination with wheat to reduce the cost of ethanol production. Due to differences in hull content between barley and wheat, barley-based distillers' grains are expected to ...
What is the function of neuroglobin?
... reactive oxygen or nitric oxide. Still other studies propose neuroglobin as being part of a signalling chain that transmits the redox state of the cell or that inhibits apoptosis. Although some functions are more probable than others, we conclude that it is still too early to definitively decide wha ...
... reactive oxygen or nitric oxide. Still other studies propose neuroglobin as being part of a signalling chain that transmits the redox state of the cell or that inhibits apoptosis. Although some functions are more probable than others, we conclude that it is still too early to definitively decide wha ...
Nuclear-fallout, a Drosophila protein that cycles from the cytoplasm
... cytoplasmic organelles, centrosomes are unique because they are precisely duplicated with each division cycle. In addition to organizing microtubules, centrosomes influence actin dynamics. In many instances, the effect of centrosomes on microfilament distribution occurs indirectly through their effe ...
... cytoplasmic organelles, centrosomes are unique because they are precisely duplicated with each division cycle. In addition to organizing microtubules, centrosomes influence actin dynamics. In many instances, the effect of centrosomes on microfilament distribution occurs indirectly through their effe ...
The mating pair stabilization protein, TraN, of the F plasmid is an
... F plasmid TraN (602 aa, processed to 584 aa with 22 conserved cysteines), which is essential for F plasmid conjugation, is an outer-membrane protein involved in mating pair stabilization (MPS). Unlike R100 TraN, F TraN requires OmpA in the recipient cell for efficient MPS. The authors have identifie ...
... F plasmid TraN (602 aa, processed to 584 aa with 22 conserved cysteines), which is essential for F plasmid conjugation, is an outer-membrane protein involved in mating pair stabilization (MPS). Unlike R100 TraN, F TraN requires OmpA in the recipient cell for efficient MPS. The authors have identifie ...
The Foamy Virus Gag Proteins: What Makes Them Different?
... cleavage sites do not abrogate particle release, but lead to noninfectious viruses [14,20]. Interestingly, despite their close proximity, a mutation in one cannot be functionally substituted by the presence of the two other cleavage sites. This suggests that all three secondary cleavage sites have a ...
... cleavage sites do not abrogate particle release, but lead to noninfectious viruses [14,20]. Interestingly, despite their close proximity, a mutation in one cannot be functionally substituted by the presence of the two other cleavage sites. This suggests that all three secondary cleavage sites have a ...
Two-Component Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as
... and dosS are conserved and tandemly arranged in many mycobacterial species (except M. leprae and M. ulcerans), while dosT appears to be less well conserved. DosS and DosT are capable of autophosphorylating at conserved histidine residues (His-395 and His-392, respectively), and both proteins can tra ...
... and dosS are conserved and tandemly arranged in many mycobacterial species (except M. leprae and M. ulcerans), while dosT appears to be less well conserved. DosS and DosT are capable of autophosphorylating at conserved histidine residues (His-395 and His-392, respectively), and both proteins can tra ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.