![Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting Generates a Copper](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013497010_1-183d93970c68d1d4651f91717996b8c6-300x300.png)
Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting Generates a Copper
... was not identified in its genome (Fan et al., 2001; Rensing et al., 2000). A recent study demonstrated that the copper hypersensitivity caused by the artificial truncation of the N-terminal metal binding domain 1 (MBD1) of the E. coli CopA transporter could be compensated in trans by expression of t ...
... was not identified in its genome (Fan et al., 2001; Rensing et al., 2000). A recent study demonstrated that the copper hypersensitivity caused by the artificial truncation of the N-terminal metal binding domain 1 (MBD1) of the E. coli CopA transporter could be compensated in trans by expression of t ...
Salt tolerance (STO), a stress-related protein, has a major role in
... and B light-mediated hypocotyl elongation. No obvious differences in hypocotyl length were observed when the different homozygous lines were grown in the dark (Figure 1e). Photomorphogenic mutants typically present reciprocal growth responses of hypocotyl and cotyledon cells induced by light signals ...
... and B light-mediated hypocotyl elongation. No obvious differences in hypocotyl length were observed when the different homozygous lines were grown in the dark (Figure 1e). Photomorphogenic mutants typically present reciprocal growth responses of hypocotyl and cotyledon cells induced by light signals ...
Maternal control of the Drosophila dorsalventral body axis
... the tracheal spiracles also known as Filzkörper. Cells originating in ventrolateral regions generate the conspicuous band of ventral denticles that aid the embryo in moving through food. Finally, cells derived from the most ventral region of the embryo do not contribute to the cuticle. Rather, they ...
... the tracheal spiracles also known as Filzkörper. Cells originating in ventrolateral regions generate the conspicuous band of ventral denticles that aid the embryo in moving through food. Finally, cells derived from the most ventral region of the embryo do not contribute to the cuticle. Rather, they ...
... 3BP1 (binding protein) binds normal ABL on SH3 domain, which prevents SH1 activation; with BCR/ABL, the first (N-terminal) exon of BCR binds to SH2, hidding SH3 which, as a consequence, cannot be bound to 3BP1; thereof, SH1 is activated. Oncogenesis: 1-proliferation is induced through activation by ...
How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein
... information encoded in the DNA of the genome specifies exactly when in the life of an organism and in which cell types each gene is to be expressed into protein. Since proteins are the main constituents of cells, the decoding of the genome determines not only the size, shape, biochemical properties, ...
... information encoded in the DNA of the genome specifies exactly when in the life of an organism and in which cell types each gene is to be expressed into protein. Since proteins are the main constituents of cells, the decoding of the genome determines not only the size, shape, biochemical properties, ...
The TRAPP Complex: Insights into its Architecture and
... and Bet3p shows that all the patches are remarkably conserved from yeast to humans (Figure 3). While the patch conservation supports the structural model, finer structure resolution and binding analysis of Ypt1p with relevant TRAPP I subunit mutations are required for nailing down the specific inter ...
... and Bet3p shows that all the patches are remarkably conserved from yeast to humans (Figure 3). While the patch conservation supports the structural model, finer structure resolution and binding analysis of Ypt1p with relevant TRAPP I subunit mutations are required for nailing down the specific inter ...
Primary cilia in energy balance signaling and
... leading to development of type II diabetes (2). Genetic factors for obesity are poorly understood, and recent progress by genome-wide association studies support the notion of polygenic features of obesity which suggests that multiple genes, tissues and pathways contribute to the disease (3, 4). Int ...
... leading to development of type II diabetes (2). Genetic factors for obesity are poorly understood, and recent progress by genome-wide association studies support the notion of polygenic features of obesity which suggests that multiple genes, tissues and pathways contribute to the disease (3, 4). Int ...
Flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory
... (SOPs). The Numb protein, which is localized asymmetrically in a cortical crescent in each SOP, segregates into only one of the two daughter cells during cell division, thereby conferring distinct fates to the daughter cells [1,2]. In neuroblasts, establishment of apical–basal polarity by the protei ...
... (SOPs). The Numb protein, which is localized asymmetrically in a cortical crescent in each SOP, segregates into only one of the two daughter cells during cell division, thereby conferring distinct fates to the daughter cells [1,2]. In neuroblasts, establishment of apical–basal polarity by the protei ...
Gene Section EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) and
... widespread hypocellularity, reduced body size, small or absent limb buds, a pale yolk sac and placenta, abnormal development of the nervous system and the heart, and massive haemorrhaging. EVI1 is thought to exert its biological functions mainly by acting as a transcription factor. In addition, howe ...
... widespread hypocellularity, reduced body size, small or absent limb buds, a pale yolk sac and placenta, abnormal development of the nervous system and the heart, and massive haemorrhaging. EVI1 is thought to exert its biological functions mainly by acting as a transcription factor. In addition, howe ...
Adiponectin - Pomona College
... the plant defense system. Causes apoptosis in yeast. adiponectin and osmotin were able to induce phosphorylation of AMP kinase in C2C12 myocytes. ...
... the plant defense system. Causes apoptosis in yeast. adiponectin and osmotin were able to induce phosphorylation of AMP kinase in C2C12 myocytes. ...
Single Processing Center Models for Human Dicer and Bacterial
... tially cleaves off siRNAs from the termini of dsRNA substrates (Zhang et al., 2002). We took advantage of this observation to map cleavage sites introduced by the wt and mutant proteins in the 30 bp substrate. The 30 bp dsRNA can be cleaved by Dicer only once yielding the ⵑ21 nt siRNA-like products ...
... tially cleaves off siRNAs from the termini of dsRNA substrates (Zhang et al., 2002). We took advantage of this observation to map cleavage sites introduced by the wt and mutant proteins in the 30 bp substrate. The 30 bp dsRNA can be cleaved by Dicer only once yielding the ⵑ21 nt siRNA-like products ...
Photoactivatable GFP tagging cassettes for protein
... insights into the steady state distribution of the protein over time. However, in order to track protein movement within the cell, more complex imaging experiments, such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), are required. FRAP is traditionally performed by selectively photobleaching ...
... insights into the steady state distribution of the protein over time. However, in order to track protein movement within the cell, more complex imaging experiments, such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), are required. FRAP is traditionally performed by selectively photobleaching ...
Transport and Sorting of the Solanum tuberosum Sucrose
... mutant SUSY7 if cells are treated with oxidizing agents (Figure 3B). Thus, plasma membrane (PM) targeting of the GFP fusion protein is unaffected in the erg6 mutant, whereas organization in raft-like compartments is disturbed. Methyl-b-cyclodextrin, which is known to inhibit raft formation by choles ...
... mutant SUSY7 if cells are treated with oxidizing agents (Figure 3B). Thus, plasma membrane (PM) targeting of the GFP fusion protein is unaffected in the erg6 mutant, whereas organization in raft-like compartments is disturbed. Methyl-b-cyclodextrin, which is known to inhibit raft formation by choles ...
Staphylococcus haemolyticus lipase
... zyme forms, which have molecular masses of approximately 80 kDa. After secretion into the growth medium, proteolytic processing results in mature forms with molecular masses of 40^46 kDa [8]. Many comparative studies of S. aureus lipase (SAL) and SHL have been done and in spite of high homology (50^ ...
... zyme forms, which have molecular masses of approximately 80 kDa. After secretion into the growth medium, proteolytic processing results in mature forms with molecular masses of 40^46 kDa [8]. Many comparative studies of S. aureus lipase (SAL) and SHL have been done and in spite of high homology (50^ ...
1 Supplemental Table 1. FACS-isolated, SSEA-4
... -encodes a membrane protein that mediates apical cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium, -implicated in the initial attachment during the process of embryo implantation. -acts as a transcriptional activator, -may play a role during embryogenesis. -m ...
... -encodes a membrane protein that mediates apical cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium, -implicated in the initial attachment during the process of embryo implantation. -acts as a transcriptional activator, -may play a role during embryogenesis. -m ...
Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin
... signal transported from other organs. Cell-specific conversion from inactive to an active form at the site where cytokinin activity is required could be an efficient way to fully control cytokinin function, and would provide a mechanism for preventing cytokinin action in tissues or at times where it ...
... signal transported from other organs. Cell-specific conversion from inactive to an active form at the site where cytokinin activity is required could be an efficient way to fully control cytokinin function, and would provide a mechanism for preventing cytokinin action in tissues or at times where it ...
... The Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology is a peer reviewed on-line journal in open access, devoted to genes, cytogenetics, and clinical entities in cancer, and cancer-prone diseases. It presents structured review articles (“cards”) on genes, leukaemias, solid tumours, canc ...
Distribution of Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Human
... endopeptidases, since they hardly fit in the active site (1). Within any protein, proline residues therefore generally represent sites that are resistant to proteolytic cleavage (2). Prolyl oligopeptidase (post proline cleaving enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase)2) is the only proline specific endopeptida ...
... endopeptidases, since they hardly fit in the active site (1). Within any protein, proline residues therefore generally represent sites that are resistant to proteolytic cleavage (2). Prolyl oligopeptidase (post proline cleaving enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase)2) is the only proline specific endopeptida ...
abscisic acid signal transduction
... activated expression of several otherwise seed-specific genes in leaves when exogenous ABA was supplied (110, 112). Similarly, in transient expression studies, VP1 (65, 92, 155), OsVP1 (47, 48), and PvALF (18, 19) could trans-activate various seed-specific promoters. When investigated, these trans-a ...
... activated expression of several otherwise seed-specific genes in leaves when exogenous ABA was supplied (110, 112). Similarly, in transient expression studies, VP1 (65, 92, 155), OsVP1 (47, 48), and PvALF (18, 19) could trans-activate various seed-specific promoters. When investigated, these trans-a ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Ricin A Chain
... native RTA with Arg residues had a stabilizing effect (Fig. 1, A, top, and B, left). Since these mutations do not affect the catalytic activity of RTA (Deeks et al., 2002), it was unlikely that changes in the tertiary structure were responsible for the observed differences in the degradation rate. R ...
... native RTA with Arg residues had a stabilizing effect (Fig. 1, A, top, and B, left). Since these mutations do not affect the catalytic activity of RTA (Deeks et al., 2002), it was unlikely that changes in the tertiary structure were responsible for the observed differences in the degradation rate. R ...
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... multiple pivotal cellular processes, such as proteasomal-dependent protein degradation, endocytosis, autophagy, cell cycle, DNA stability, traffic, metabolic pathways, transcription, and translation [2]. The causes of the high conservation between ubiquitin gene products among distant eukaryotic spe ...
... multiple pivotal cellular processes, such as proteasomal-dependent protein degradation, endocytosis, autophagy, cell cycle, DNA stability, traffic, metabolic pathways, transcription, and translation [2]. The causes of the high conservation between ubiquitin gene products among distant eukaryotic spe ...
The Fusion Core Complex of the Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Is
... ruminants virus (PPRV) fusion protein (F) to obtain insights into the mechanism by which these repeats influence PPRV-mediated cell fusion. Both HR1 and HR2 inhibit PPRV-mediated syncytia formation in Vero cells in vitro. Of these, HR2 was found to be more effective than HR1. We studied the mechanis ...
... ruminants virus (PPRV) fusion protein (F) to obtain insights into the mechanism by which these repeats influence PPRV-mediated cell fusion. Both HR1 and HR2 inhibit PPRV-mediated syncytia formation in Vero cells in vitro. Of these, HR2 was found to be more effective than HR1. We studied the mechanis ...
what is alignment? - UWI St. Augustine
... Basis for Sequence comparison • Theory of evolution: – gene sequences have evolved/derived from a common ancestor – trace history of mutations/evolutionary changes ...
... Basis for Sequence comparison • Theory of evolution: – gene sequences have evolved/derived from a common ancestor – trace history of mutations/evolutionary changes ...
Characterising Non-Structural Protein NS4 of African Horse Sickness Virus
... [5]. There are nine known serotypes of AHSV [6,7]. The AHSV genome consists of ten doublestranded RNA segments [8]. As in the case of BTV, it has been widely accepted for decades that each of the ten AHSV genome segments (Seg-1 to Seg-10) contains a single open reading frame (ORF), thereby encoding ...
... [5]. There are nine known serotypes of AHSV [6,7]. The AHSV genome consists of ten doublestranded RNA segments [8]. As in the case of BTV, it has been widely accepted for decades that each of the ten AHSV genome segments (Seg-1 to Seg-10) contains a single open reading frame (ORF), thereby encoding ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.