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abscisic acid signal transduction
... activated expression of several otherwise seed-specific genes in leaves when exogenous ABA was supplied (110, 112). Similarly, in transient expression studies, VP1 (65, 92, 155), OsVP1 (47, 48), and PvALF (18, 19) could trans-activate various seed-specific promoters. When investigated, these trans-a ...
... activated expression of several otherwise seed-specific genes in leaves when exogenous ABA was supplied (110, 112). Similarly, in transient expression studies, VP1 (65, 92, 155), OsVP1 (47, 48), and PvALF (18, 19) could trans-activate various seed-specific promoters. When investigated, these trans-a ...
The Johns Hopkins University - American University of Beirut
... about some of the proteins they found similarities to. • Heard on about a disease gene that was recently discovered, and you want to know more about it. • Want to build a dataset for local blast searches. • A colleague wants you to do an alignment of all sequences from a given protein family. Lectur ...
... about some of the proteins they found similarities to. • Heard on about a disease gene that was recently discovered, and you want to know more about it. • Want to build a dataset for local blast searches. • A colleague wants you to do an alignment of all sequences from a given protein family. Lectur ...
Histone methylation
... histone methylation is established, reversed or maintained across cell divisions or possibly even across generations. We describe the principles of how methyl marks might be converted into biological outcomes and examples that demonstrate the importance of appropriate establishment or maintenance of ...
... histone methylation is established, reversed or maintained across cell divisions or possibly even across generations. We describe the principles of how methyl marks might be converted into biological outcomes and examples that demonstrate the importance of appropriate establishment or maintenance of ...
Characterization of a 30S Ribsomal Subunit Intermediate Found in
... was the next compound of choice. Not surprisingly, within a year of FDA approval daptomycin resistant strains emerged (Mangili and others 2005). A resolution to this problem now focuses on identifying new targets that inhibit essential bacterial functions (Chu and others 1996). However, this has no ...
... was the next compound of choice. Not surprisingly, within a year of FDA approval daptomycin resistant strains emerged (Mangili and others 2005). A resolution to this problem now focuses on identifying new targets that inhibit essential bacterial functions (Chu and others 1996). However, this has no ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... at 4 °C. The PAK strain of P. aeruginosa was streaked out on a 1.5% LB agar plate in a grid-like fashion and grown overnight at 37 °C. The cells were harvested by gentle scraping with a sterile coverslip and resuspended in 1⫻ PBS containing 100 mg/liter benzamidine and 10 ng/ml DNase and RNase. The ...
... at 4 °C. The PAK strain of P. aeruginosa was streaked out on a 1.5% LB agar plate in a grid-like fashion and grown overnight at 37 °C. The cells were harvested by gentle scraping with a sterile coverslip and resuspended in 1⫻ PBS containing 100 mg/liter benzamidine and 10 ng/ml DNase and RNase. The ...
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
... levels of poly-ADP ribosylated histones that have been correlated with a relatively relaxed chromatin state [38]. Presumably, this is a consequence, at least in part, of the negative charge that the modification confers to the histone. In addition, though, it has been reported that the activation of ...
... levels of poly-ADP ribosylated histones that have been correlated with a relatively relaxed chromatin state [38]. Presumably, this is a consequence, at least in part, of the negative charge that the modification confers to the histone. In addition, though, it has been reported that the activation of ...
Ornithodoros savignyi CHAPTER 2 SIGNALING PATHWAYS REGULATING PROTEIN SECRETION FROM
... injections. In the case of dopamine, theophylline and GABA, protein secretion was consistent (McSwain et al. 1992a). Other evidence indicates that Ca2+ is essential for secretion. Removal of Ca2+ from the support medium greatly inhibits dopamine and cAMP-stimulated secretion from isolated salivary g ...
... injections. In the case of dopamine, theophylline and GABA, protein secretion was consistent (McSwain et al. 1992a). Other evidence indicates that Ca2+ is essential for secretion. Removal of Ca2+ from the support medium greatly inhibits dopamine and cAMP-stimulated secretion from isolated salivary g ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... eluates from the nickel beads using an anti-ToxA antibody indicates that after PK treatment, intact ToxA is still present in total lysates of sensitive leaves but nearly undetectable in insensitive leaves (Figure 1B). This indicates that ToxA is protected from the extracellular protease only in sens ...
... eluates from the nickel beads using an anti-ToxA antibody indicates that after PK treatment, intact ToxA is still present in total lysates of sensitive leaves but nearly undetectable in insensitive leaves (Figure 1B). This indicates that ToxA is protected from the extracellular protease only in sens ...
Gro and Eve co-regulate early boundaries - Development
... Fig. 1. A conserved Eve motif interacts with Gro. (A) Eve: the homeodomain (HD), transient assay-defined repression domain (TARD), which is Gro-independent, and the Gro interaction domain (GID, LFKPY) are shown, with corresponding amino acid numbers. The LFKPY region is conserved between Eve HD prot ...
... Fig. 1. A conserved Eve motif interacts with Gro. (A) Eve: the homeodomain (HD), transient assay-defined repression domain (TARD), which is Gro-independent, and the Gro interaction domain (GID, LFKPY) are shown, with corresponding amino acid numbers. The LFKPY region is conserved between Eve HD prot ...
The daily rhythm of mice
... oscillator. An interesting avenue in this context is the study of epigenetic regulation of gene expression reviewed in this issue by Merrow and Ripperger. 3. Lessons from mice Forward genetics, as mentioned above, provides information on the phenotype, the responsible mutation and sometimes allows d ...
... oscillator. An interesting avenue in this context is the study of epigenetic regulation of gene expression reviewed in this issue by Merrow and Ripperger. 3. Lessons from mice Forward genetics, as mentioned above, provides information on the phenotype, the responsible mutation and sometimes allows d ...
Dynamic balance between vesicle transport and
... is an early event that changes state of neurons (Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2007). This change in cell state allows neurons to mature by developing axons and dendritic trees that connect to other neurons and become electrically active. Many mathematical models of neurite outgrowth have been developed (Ki ...
... is an early event that changes state of neurons (Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2007). This change in cell state allows neurons to mature by developing axons and dendritic trees that connect to other neurons and become electrically active. Many mathematical models of neurite outgrowth have been developed (Ki ...
View PDF - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... on homeotic responses of transcript or enhancer trap patterns(3). These findings clearly highlight the power of in vivo strategies for the identification of Hox target genes. For example, two well-characterized Hox targets identified in enhancer trap screens are decapentaplegic (dpp),(43) a gene mem ...
... on homeotic responses of transcript or enhancer trap patterns(3). These findings clearly highlight the power of in vivo strategies for the identification of Hox target genes. For example, two well-characterized Hox targets identified in enhancer trap screens are decapentaplegic (dpp),(43) a gene mem ...
Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Rickettsia using the
... al., 1997). When the degree of infection was optimal, as estimated by Gimenez staining, rickettsiae were harvested and cultures were centrifuged at 12 000 g for 10 min, resuspended in medium and stored at k70 mC until nucleic acid purification was performed. Nucleic acid purification and PCR amplifi ...
... al., 1997). When the degree of infection was optimal, as estimated by Gimenez staining, rickettsiae were harvested and cultures were centrifuged at 12 000 g for 10 min, resuspended in medium and stored at k70 mC until nucleic acid purification was performed. Nucleic acid purification and PCR amplifi ...
Identification and cDNA cloning of a Xenopus nucleolar
... The hybridoma G1C7 was developed by Rabiya Tuma and Mark Roth at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Centre in Seattle. When mAbG1C7 is used in indirect immunofluorescent staining of oocyte nuclear spreads, intense staining over amplified nucleoli is observed (Fig. 1A). Similarly, indirect immunofluorescent ...
... The hybridoma G1C7 was developed by Rabiya Tuma and Mark Roth at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Centre in Seattle. When mAbG1C7 is used in indirect immunofluorescent staining of oocyte nuclear spreads, intense staining over amplified nucleoli is observed (Fig. 1A). Similarly, indirect immunofluorescent ...
Tetrazine−trans-cyclooctene Mediated Conjugation of Antibodies to
... TIRF microscopy. (B) TIRF images of Ab−MTs (red) transporting fluorescent protein analyte (green) at 0.1, 1, and 10 pM concentrations. Scale bar: 5 μm. (C) Plotting the increase in the fluorescence intensity of the analyte per unit length of Ab−MTs as a function of analyte concentration demonstrates t ...
... TIRF microscopy. (B) TIRF images of Ab−MTs (red) transporting fluorescent protein analyte (green) at 0.1, 1, and 10 pM concentrations. Scale bar: 5 μm. (C) Plotting the increase in the fluorescence intensity of the analyte per unit length of Ab−MTs as a function of analyte concentration demonstrates t ...
Actin Filaments Play a Critical Role in Vacuolar
... the presence of Lat B. However, Lat B had no effect on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking of sialyltransferase or retrograde Golgi to ER trafficking. Lat B also failed to influence the Golgi to plasma membrane trafficking of HþATPase:GFP or the secretion of invertase:GFP. Based on t ...
... the presence of Lat B. However, Lat B had no effect on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking of sialyltransferase or retrograde Golgi to ER trafficking. Lat B also failed to influence the Golgi to plasma membrane trafficking of HþATPase:GFP or the secretion of invertase:GFP. Based on t ...
The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the
... mere bags of enzymes. Genes and enzymes are both fundamental, but play their vital roles as parts of highly organized growing and dividing cells. Their life depends on a mutualistic symbiosis of genes, catalysts, membranes and cell skeleton (Cavalier-Smith, 1987a, 1991a, b, 2001). Co-adaptation betw ...
... mere bags of enzymes. Genes and enzymes are both fundamental, but play their vital roles as parts of highly organized growing and dividing cells. Their life depends on a mutualistic symbiosis of genes, catalysts, membranes and cell skeleton (Cavalier-Smith, 1987a, 1991a, b, 2001). Co-adaptation betw ...
The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the
... mere bags of enzymes. Genes and enzymes are both fundamental, but play their vital roles as parts of highly organized growing and dividing cells. Their life depends on a mutualistic symbiosis of genes, catalysts, membranes and cell skeleton (Cavalier-Smith, 1987a, 1991a, b, 2001). Co-adaptation betw ...
... mere bags of enzymes. Genes and enzymes are both fundamental, but play their vital roles as parts of highly organized growing and dividing cells. Their life depends on a mutualistic symbiosis of genes, catalysts, membranes and cell skeleton (Cavalier-Smith, 1987a, 1991a, b, 2001). Co-adaptation betw ...
Does the baculovirus sulfhydryl oxidase Ac92 associate with and
... Ac92 could have an inhibitory function. Prevent apoptosis Prevent cell cycle arrest ...
... Ac92 could have an inhibitory function. Prevent apoptosis Prevent cell cycle arrest ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson`s disease
... PINK1 (PARK6) and DJ-1 (PARK7) are tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. PARKIN is the first recessive gene identified to be associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism in a Japanese family [63], just 1 year after the discovery of SNCA (α-syn). Mutations in PARKIN ha ...
... PINK1 (PARK6) and DJ-1 (PARK7) are tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. PARKIN is the first recessive gene identified to be associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism in a Japanese family [63], just 1 year after the discovery of SNCA (α-syn). Mutations in PARKIN ha ...
Designing logical codon reassignment
... and UAA over the endogenous amino acids and tRNAs. Enhanced selectivity has been achieved by transferring an aaRS/tRNA pair from another kingdom to the organism of interest, and subsequent aaRS evolution to acquire enhanced selectivity for the desired UAA. Today, over 150 non-canonical amino acids h ...
... and UAA over the endogenous amino acids and tRNAs. Enhanced selectivity has been achieved by transferring an aaRS/tRNA pair from another kingdom to the organism of interest, and subsequent aaRS evolution to acquire enhanced selectivity for the desired UAA. Today, over 150 non-canonical amino acids h ...
fulltext - DiVA Portal
... part of the membrane bilayer or are peripherally associated with it. Proteins involved in many important processes such as the photosynthesis and respiration, as well as proteins conducting diverse enzymatic reactions are located within membranes. Other membrane proteins are key players during organ ...
... part of the membrane bilayer or are peripherally associated with it. Proteins involved in many important processes such as the photosynthesis and respiration, as well as proteins conducting diverse enzymatic reactions are located within membranes. Other membrane proteins are key players during organ ...
The Arabidopsis Protein SHI Represses
... negative regulators have been identified in Arabidopsis. We previously have reported the identification of the Arabidopsis gene SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) that causes suppression of GA responses when constitutively activated. In this paper, we show by using reporter gene analysis that the SHI gene is ex ...
... negative regulators have been identified in Arabidopsis. We previously have reported the identification of the Arabidopsis gene SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) that causes suppression of GA responses when constitutively activated. In this paper, we show by using reporter gene analysis that the SHI gene is ex ...
How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature
... narrow tubes to tubular–saccular carriers8–11. There are many questions about this dazzling array of shapes for which we do not know the answers. For example, why do the ER and Golgi have distinctly different shapes (FIG. 1), with the Golgi being much more saccular and fenestrated and the ER being m ...
... narrow tubes to tubular–saccular carriers8–11. There are many questions about this dazzling array of shapes for which we do not know the answers. For example, why do the ER and Golgi have distinctly different shapes (FIG. 1), with the Golgi being much more saccular and fenestrated and the ER being m ...
Bacterial protein toxins targeting Rho GTPases
... grated slower, suggesting a di¡erent type of modi¢cation than that induced by CNF [41]. The puzzle was solved when it was recognised that DNT possesses transglutaminase activity. DNT attaches primary amines onto Rho at position Gln63. Further comparison of the enzyme activities of DNT and CNFs revea ...
... grated slower, suggesting a di¡erent type of modi¢cation than that induced by CNF [41]. The puzzle was solved when it was recognised that DNT possesses transglutaminase activity. DNT attaches primary amines onto Rho at position Gln63. Further comparison of the enzyme activities of DNT and CNFs revea ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.