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Immobilized Enzyme Technology: Potentiality and Prospects
... Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyze a wide array of reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technique where an enzyme is fixed to a support (more recently nanostructures) while retaining its catalytic activity. Natural or artificial substrates can be used as efficient carriers. A variety of both re ...
... Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyze a wide array of reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technique where an enzyme is fixed to a support (more recently nanostructures) while retaining its catalytic activity. Natural or artificial substrates can be used as efficient carriers. A variety of both re ...
curriculum vitae- michael hippler
... efficiency of cyclic electron transfer (CEF) under iron-deprivation is diminished. Furthermore, pgrl1-kd cells exhibit iron-deficiency symptoms at higher Fe concentrations than does the wild-type, although the cells are not more depleted in cellular iron relative to the wild-type as measured by mas ...
... efficiency of cyclic electron transfer (CEF) under iron-deprivation is diminished. Furthermore, pgrl1-kd cells exhibit iron-deficiency symptoms at higher Fe concentrations than does the wild-type, although the cells are not more depleted in cellular iron relative to the wild-type as measured by mas ...
A Raman spectroscopic study of the interaction between nucleotides
... causes no shielding of the SH groups. With Raman difference spectroscopy i t is shown that binding of the protein to a single-stranded nucleotide involves both tyrosine and trytophan residues. A change in the secondary structure of the protein upon binding is observed. In the complex, gp32 contains ...
... causes no shielding of the SH groups. With Raman difference spectroscopy i t is shown that binding of the protein to a single-stranded nucleotide involves both tyrosine and trytophan residues. A change in the secondary structure of the protein upon binding is observed. In the complex, gp32 contains ...
Anti-CCP antibodies: the past, the present and the future
... into peptidylcitrulline are only active when Ca2+ concentrations are ≥10–5 mol/l. Normal cellular Ca2+ concentrations are about 100 times lower. During cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) the cell membrane becomes leaky, allowing an unlimited influx of extracellular Ca2+ ions. As a consequence, the p ...
... into peptidylcitrulline are only active when Ca2+ concentrations are ≥10–5 mol/l. Normal cellular Ca2+ concentrations are about 100 times lower. During cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) the cell membrane becomes leaky, allowing an unlimited influx of extracellular Ca2+ ions. As a consequence, the p ...
Partial Purifiaction of β-1,3-glucan synthases and
... and anti-HIV activities. Due to these specific immune-potentiating activities, paramylon is novel in terms of both structure as well as functional activity. In terms of biotechnological application, paramylon is greatly favoured as it is synthesized as an insoluble membrane bound granule in the cyto ...
... and anti-HIV activities. Due to these specific immune-potentiating activities, paramylon is novel in terms of both structure as well as functional activity. In terms of biotechnological application, paramylon is greatly favoured as it is synthesized as an insoluble membrane bound granule in the cyto ...
Annual Plant Reviews Volume 35 : Plant systems Biology
... achieved for diverse model organisms: prokaryotes, due to their ‘simplicity’, and C. elegans, one of the most tractable animal models. The second part of this volume deals with the diverse sources of information necessary for a systemic understanding of plants. Insights are given into the software t ...
... achieved for diverse model organisms: prokaryotes, due to their ‘simplicity’, and C. elegans, one of the most tractable animal models. The second part of this volume deals with the diverse sources of information necessary for a systemic understanding of plants. Insights are given into the software t ...
Forced Expression of Dystrophin Deletion Constructs Reveals
... mdx mouse (16, 33). The DAPs have recently been shown to be composed of three subcomplexes. Laminin-2, a major component of the extracellular matrix in muscle tissue, binds to a-dystroglycan, which binds directly to p-dystroglycan (14). This link to the extracellular matrix has been named the dystro ...
... mdx mouse (16, 33). The DAPs have recently been shown to be composed of three subcomplexes. Laminin-2, a major component of the extracellular matrix in muscle tissue, binds to a-dystroglycan, which binds directly to p-dystroglycan (14). This link to the extracellular matrix has been named the dystro ...
r Functional perspectives on the evolution of argasid tick
... Fig. 2.1: Activation dependent confonnational change of aUb~3 Fig. 2.2: Three-dimensional structures of aIlb~3 antagonists Fig. 2.3: Amino acid sequences of different a llb~3a ntagoni s ts Fig. 2.4: Cloning strategy to obtain ORF and 3'UTR Fig. 2.5: Cloning strategy to obtain S'UTR and ORF Fig. 2.6: ...
... Fig. 2.1: Activation dependent confonnational change of aUb~3 Fig. 2.2: Three-dimensional structures of aIlb~3 antagonists Fig. 2.3: Amino acid sequences of different a llb~3a ntagoni s ts Fig. 2.4: Cloning strategy to obtain ORF and 3'UTR Fig. 2.5: Cloning strategy to obtain S'UTR and ORF Fig. 2.6: ...
calcium, kinases and nodulation signalling in legumes
... carbamoyl, acetyl, fucosyl, arabinosyl and other groups to different positions on the backbone, as well as differences in the structure of the acyl chain. These variations ...
... carbamoyl, acetyl, fucosyl, arabinosyl and other groups to different positions on the backbone, as well as differences in the structure of the acyl chain. These variations ...
Identification of a Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Determinant in
... 1990). Substantially more information is available regarding the vacuolar localization of API. Genetic studies in our laboratory have isolated a number of mutants that are defective in transporting API to the vacuole (Harding et al., 1995). These cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (cvt) mutants are una ...
... 1990). Substantially more information is available regarding the vacuolar localization of API. Genetic studies in our laboratory have isolated a number of mutants that are defective in transporting API to the vacuole (Harding et al., 1995). These cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (cvt) mutants are una ...
Biomolecules
... • Biomolecules are molecules that are present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. ...
... • Biomolecules are molecules that are present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. ...
Structure and Function Relationships between ATPase Family, AAA
... agents constantly injure the genome. High fidelity replication of the cell’s genetic material is normally carried out through the combination of accurate DNA polymerases and DNA mismatch repair (1). These high-fidelity DNA polymerases have evolved mechanisms to strongly favor correct dNTP incorporat ...
... agents constantly injure the genome. High fidelity replication of the cell’s genetic material is normally carried out through the combination of accurate DNA polymerases and DNA mismatch repair (1). These high-fidelity DNA polymerases have evolved mechanisms to strongly favor correct dNTP incorporat ...
Table of Contents - Scholars` Bank
... amino acids that could somehow use the template of the nucleotide encoded within mRNA to distinguish which amino acid was required to construct the desired protein. However, before the “adaptor” could be found, the specifics of the genetic code became known. F. H. C. Crick, J. S. Griffith and L. E. ...
... amino acids that could somehow use the template of the nucleotide encoded within mRNA to distinguish which amino acid was required to construct the desired protein. However, before the “adaptor” could be found, the specifics of the genetic code became known. F. H. C. Crick, J. S. Griffith and L. E. ...
Alternative oxidase in higher plants
... tions or site-directed mutagenesis was studied (Millar & Day, 1997; Finnegan et al., 1997; 1998; McCabe et al., 1998; Karpova et al., 2002). During soybean development two AOX2-type isoenzymes, AOX2-a and AOX2-b, have been described (Finnegan et al., 1997; McCabe et al., 1998). The AOX1 gene is most ...
... tions or site-directed mutagenesis was studied (Millar & Day, 1997; Finnegan et al., 1997; 1998; McCabe et al., 1998; Karpova et al., 2002). During soybean development two AOX2-type isoenzymes, AOX2-a and AOX2-b, have been described (Finnegan et al., 1997; McCabe et al., 1998). The AOX1 gene is most ...
Antisense phenotypes reveal a role for SHY, a pollen
... restriction enzyme digests of petunia DNA. An identical pattern of hybridization was obtained with the LRR probe, even when the blots were washed at low stringency (data not shown). Although other LRR proteins such as Pex1 (Rubinstein et al., 1995), PRK1 (Mu et al., 1994), and LePRK1, LePRK2 (Muschi ...
... restriction enzyme digests of petunia DNA. An identical pattern of hybridization was obtained with the LRR probe, even when the blots were washed at low stringency (data not shown). Although other LRR proteins such as Pex1 (Rubinstein et al., 1995), PRK1 (Mu et al., 1994), and LePRK1, LePRK2 (Muschi ...
Regulation of E. coli Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity by HPr
... transfer from four PTS proteins, as follows: Phosphoenolpyruvate ⇒ EI ⇒ HPr ⇒ EIIAglc ⇒ EIIBCglc ⇒ glucose. In this pathway, HPr acts as part of a phosphoryl shuttle between EI and sugar-specific proteins. EI is a 64 kDa protein consisting of an N-terminal and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domai ...
... transfer from four PTS proteins, as follows: Phosphoenolpyruvate ⇒ EI ⇒ HPr ⇒ EIIAglc ⇒ EIIBCglc ⇒ glucose. In this pathway, HPr acts as part of a phosphoryl shuttle between EI and sugar-specific proteins. EI is a 64 kDa protein consisting of an N-terminal and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domai ...
Group 1: Macromolecules
... Follow the directions to make your power point Slide 1: Title Slide 2: Define vitamins 1. What elements are found in vitamins? Slide 3: Distinguish between the 2 major types and how/where they’re stored 2. What does it mean to be water soluble? Examples. 3. What does it mean to be fat soluble? ...
... Follow the directions to make your power point Slide 1: Title Slide 2: Define vitamins 1. What elements are found in vitamins? Slide 3: Distinguish between the 2 major types and how/where they’re stored 2. What does it mean to be water soluble? Examples. 3. What does it mean to be fat soluble? ...
The novel cytochrome c6 of chloroplasts
... plastocyanin function. This study was carried out using a different ecotype from that used by Gupta et al. (2002a), but Weigel et al. (2003b) argued that the role of cytochrome c6A was unlikely to be fundamentally different between the two ecotypes, and that their own results showed the protein coul ...
... plastocyanin function. This study was carried out using a different ecotype from that used by Gupta et al. (2002a), but Weigel et al. (2003b) argued that the role of cytochrome c6A was unlikely to be fundamentally different between the two ecotypes, and that their own results showed the protein coul ...
DOMAIN-BASED APPROACHES TO
... iGluR’s. Group 1 has a potassium-like selectivity filter and Group 2 is most closely related to eukaryotic iGluR’s. The relationship among them was investigated in this research. Then, the domain complexity of proteins was analysed on a comprehensive basis. Our results showed that bacterial and arch ...
... iGluR’s. Group 1 has a potassium-like selectivity filter and Group 2 is most closely related to eukaryotic iGluR’s. The relationship among them was investigated in this research. Then, the domain complexity of proteins was analysed on a comprehensive basis. Our results showed that bacterial and arch ...
Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... – Extracellular messengers. Cells send out signals in the form of specific messenger molecules that the target cell transmits into a biochemical reaction. Signaling cells can simultaneously influence many cells by messenger molecules so as to enable a temporally coordinated reaction in an organism. ...
... – Extracellular messengers. Cells send out signals in the form of specific messenger molecules that the target cell transmits into a biochemical reaction. Signaling cells can simultaneously influence many cells by messenger molecules so as to enable a temporally coordinated reaction in an organism. ...
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor
... that mutations recovered using our Gal4p-based scheme are unlikely to be related to ...
... that mutations recovered using our Gal4p-based scheme are unlikely to be related to ...
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange-Independent Activation of Gs Protein
... indicated time points. In this case, the reaction was started by adding membranes to the rest of the mixture. The amount of accumulated cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay in all of the experiments as described previously (Ugur and Onaran, 1997). Control experiments showed that different nucleotid ...
... indicated time points. In this case, the reaction was started by adding membranes to the rest of the mixture. The amount of accumulated cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay in all of the experiments as described previously (Ugur and Onaran, 1997). Control experiments showed that different nucleotid ...
The Rad50 Signature Motif: Essential to ATP Binding and
... the ATP-binding site in the tetragonal structure (data not shown). To confirm that the S793R mutant pfRad50cd is impaired in nucleotide binding, we analyzed binding of the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog AMP-PNP by the mutant and wt proteins (Figure 2). Aliquots (500 ng) of each of the proteins were inc ...
... the ATP-binding site in the tetragonal structure (data not shown). To confirm that the S793R mutant pfRad50cd is impaired in nucleotide binding, we analyzed binding of the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog AMP-PNP by the mutant and wt proteins (Figure 2). Aliquots (500 ng) of each of the proteins were inc ...
The Effect of Ultrasound on the Functional Properties of
... from gas nuclei existing within the fluid. These bubbles grow to a critical size over the period of a few cycles until they become unstable and collapse violently [3]. The implosion of cavitation bubbles leads to energy accumulations further generating extreme temperatures (5,000 K) and pressures (1 ...
... from gas nuclei existing within the fluid. These bubbles grow to a critical size over the period of a few cycles until they become unstable and collapse violently [3]. The implosion of cavitation bubbles leads to energy accumulations further generating extreme temperatures (5,000 K) and pressures (1 ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.