Light‐sensing mecanisms in prokaryotes
... The BLUF‐EAL protein YcgF in E. coli Advantages: • It is a na9ve pathway in E. coli (which is easy to manipulate) • This type of mucosal biofilm is “naturally” induced by blue light: we could think of applica9ons for an aqua9c environment Possible problems: • Ar9cles very recent (January & ...
... The BLUF‐EAL protein YcgF in E. coli Advantages: • It is a na9ve pathway in E. coli (which is easy to manipulate) • This type of mucosal biofilm is “naturally” induced by blue light: we could think of applica9ons for an aqua9c environment Possible problems: • Ar9cles very recent (January & ...
Identification of Prokaryotic Small Proteins using a Comparative
... Due to the lack of introns and alternative splicing mechanisms, prokaryotic organisms represent a unique setting for the elucidation of novel short proteins. Within this context, any Open Reading Frame (ORF) is potentially a protein-encoding gene. For prokaryotic genomes, the most accurate way to p ...
... Due to the lack of introns and alternative splicing mechanisms, prokaryotic organisms represent a unique setting for the elucidation of novel short proteins. Within this context, any Open Reading Frame (ORF) is potentially a protein-encoding gene. For prokaryotic genomes, the most accurate way to p ...
Genetics Review
... cause mutations, they include: 1. High Temperatures 2. Toxic Chemicals (pesticides, etc) 3. Radiation (nuclear and solar) Many common place items are capable of causing mutations: microwave, fruit from the store, radar, cellular phones…. ...
... cause mutations, they include: 1. High Temperatures 2. Toxic Chemicals (pesticides, etc) 3. Radiation (nuclear and solar) Many common place items are capable of causing mutations: microwave, fruit from the store, radar, cellular phones…. ...
Gene Section LOXL3 (lysyl oxidase-like 3) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... polypeptide contains three putative O-glycosylation sites and five potential N-glycosylation sites. There is a putative BMP-1 processing site between amino acid residues 446-448 (Jourdan-LeSaux et al., 2001). ...
... polypeptide contains three putative O-glycosylation sites and five potential N-glycosylation sites. There is a putative BMP-1 processing site between amino acid residues 446-448 (Jourdan-LeSaux et al., 2001). ...
Novel Mechanistic Insights in Cardiovascular Health
... From Unstructured Textual Data to Structured Networks • Pubmed boasts a treasure trove of >2.2 million cardiovascular-related articles from 1809-2016, and it is estimated that there is a new publication every ~2.7 minutes (Lau et al., Circulation 2016). • However, these unstructured mounting textual ...
... From Unstructured Textual Data to Structured Networks • Pubmed boasts a treasure trove of >2.2 million cardiovascular-related articles from 1809-2016, and it is estimated that there is a new publication every ~2.7 minutes (Lau et al., Circulation 2016). • However, these unstructured mounting textual ...
Overall Function of the Digestive System
... • Every organism ( the cells) requires nutrients (macromolecules): • The basic building blocks of all cell structures are built with these nutrients • Almost all nutrients are also a source of energy (can be used by the mitochondria to produce useable energy in the form of ATP) ...
... • Every organism ( the cells) requires nutrients (macromolecules): • The basic building blocks of all cell structures are built with these nutrients • Almost all nutrients are also a source of energy (can be used by the mitochondria to produce useable energy in the form of ATP) ...
biochem ch 37 [2-9
... Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption Proteolytic enzymes (proteases) break down dietary proteins into their constituent AAs in stomach and intestine o Many synthesized as zymogens In stomach, pepsin begins digestion of proteins by hydrolyzing them to smaller polypeptides In small intest ...
... Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption Proteolytic enzymes (proteases) break down dietary proteins into their constituent AAs in stomach and intestine o Many synthesized as zymogens In stomach, pepsin begins digestion of proteins by hydrolyzing them to smaller polypeptides In small intest ...
Slide 1
... A synthetic, 23-bpecdysterone regulatory
element (EcRE) , derived from the upstream
region of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp27 gene,
was inserted adjacent to the herpes simplex virus
thymidine kinase promoter fused to a bacterial gene
for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT).
...
... A synthetic, 23-bp
View Powerpoint Presentation - Northeast Biomanufacturing Center
... Why Biotechnology? A number of good reasons ...
... Why Biotechnology? A number of good reasons ...
1-Structure of Heme
... Globular proteins • Hemoglobin: oxygen transport function • Myoglobin: oxygen storage/supply function in heart and muscle • α1, α2, β-globulins: various functions • γ-globulins (immunoglobulins): immune function • Enzymes: catalysis of biochemical reactions ...
... Globular proteins • Hemoglobin: oxygen transport function • Myoglobin: oxygen storage/supply function in heart and muscle • α1, α2, β-globulins: various functions • γ-globulins (immunoglobulins): immune function • Enzymes: catalysis of biochemical reactions ...
MB207_15 - MB207Jan2010
... Motor proteins attach to microtubules or microfilaments and to their cargo (vesicles, organelles, chromosomes, other cytoskeletal filaments). Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. ...
... Motor proteins attach to microtubules or microfilaments and to their cargo (vesicles, organelles, chromosomes, other cytoskeletal filaments). Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. ...
Proteins: Their Bio-Chemistry and Functions
... - July 10, 1838, a Swedish biochemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius suggested Mulder to give the albuminoids more special name because it appear to be a principal substance of animal nutrition the word Protein (meaning of primary importance) was used. - In 1930s, the famous work of Moses Kunitz and John Hwa ...
... - July 10, 1838, a Swedish biochemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius suggested Mulder to give the albuminoids more special name because it appear to be a principal substance of animal nutrition the word Protein (meaning of primary importance) was used. - In 1930s, the famous work of Moses Kunitz and John Hwa ...
Chapter 14 – From Gene to Phenoytpe
... e.g. gene controlling pollen grain germination also controls root hair growth ...
... e.g. gene controlling pollen grain germination also controls root hair growth ...
Chapter 19. “Completing the knot” Stress on enzyme
... converting substrates to products. When such stress is not necessary for catalysis or other physiological function, there is no reason to conserve the free energy and the true degree of affinity for a ligand is measured by the total free-energy change. The net free energy released is generally deriv ...
... converting substrates to products. When such stress is not necessary for catalysis or other physiological function, there is no reason to conserve the free energy and the true degree of affinity for a ligand is measured by the total free-energy change. The net free energy released is generally deriv ...
Chemical genomics in the global study of protein functions, Drug
... pathways [43]. DNA microarrays are also useful for drug surfaces of glass slides [41]. In such studies, mRNAs are extarget validation, identification of secondary drug target(s) tracted from the sample-of-interest (cell, tissue or organand improvement of drug development programs. Marton ism), label ...
... pathways [43]. DNA microarrays are also useful for drug surfaces of glass slides [41]. In such studies, mRNAs are extarget validation, identification of secondary drug target(s) tracted from the sample-of-interest (cell, tissue or organand improvement of drug development programs. Marton ism), label ...
The Nucleolus
... Nucleotides – building blocks of nucleic acids Monomer – a chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer Polymer – a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecular units (monomers), covalently joined together in a chain. An example of this is DNA Filaments – ...
... Nucleotides – building blocks of nucleic acids Monomer – a chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer Polymer – a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecular units (monomers), covalently joined together in a chain. An example of this is DNA Filaments – ...
Slides - Biomedical Informatics
... 35 million single base substitutions plus 5 million insertions or deletions (indels) The average protein differs by only two amino acids, and 29% of proteins are identical. ...
... 35 million single base substitutions plus 5 million insertions or deletions (indels) The average protein differs by only two amino acids, and 29% of proteins are identical. ...
Some statistical musings
... But … we have some high probability that all the “important” features are selected (along with others which we will screen out later). ...
... But … we have some high probability that all the “important” features are selected (along with others which we will screen out later). ...
Fe2+ is absorbed from the lumen of the gut (in the small intestine) by
... 4. A. (2 pts each ans.) In yeast, the DNA in nucleosome cores is 147 BP long, and the linkers are 18 BP long A-1. The length of the DNA in band # 1 in the ‘ladder’ should be (longer in humans). A-2. The length of the DNA in the band after prolonged MN treatment should be (the same length in both)*. ...
... 4. A. (2 pts each ans.) In yeast, the DNA in nucleosome cores is 147 BP long, and the linkers are 18 BP long A-1. The length of the DNA in band # 1 in the ‘ladder’ should be (longer in humans). A-2. The length of the DNA in the band after prolonged MN treatment should be (the same length in both)*. ...
Lecture_12_Jan 29_2015 Plasmodium_invasion
... peroxide. In particular, the digestion of oxy-hemoglobin results in the production of ROI. These ROI can damage lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and therefore need to be oxidized to oxygen and water. Parasite enyzmes involved in redox metaboism have been identified. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), cat ...
... peroxide. In particular, the digestion of oxy-hemoglobin results in the production of ROI. These ROI can damage lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and therefore need to be oxidized to oxygen and water. Parasite enyzmes involved in redox metaboism have been identified. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), cat ...
Text S1.
... “OMIMSNP” as the handle. The OMIM database contains many amino acid substitutions that have been found in patients with disease. We required the dbSNP status because OMIM variant entries only provide amino acid locations with respect to the protein. The protein locations are relative to the protein ...
... “OMIMSNP” as the handle. The OMIM database contains many amino acid substitutions that have been found in patients with disease. We required the dbSNP status because OMIM variant entries only provide amino acid locations with respect to the protein. The protein locations are relative to the protein ...
AP® BIOLOGY 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
... the new codons would code for different amino acids, and how the mutation would affect the protein by changing the amino acid sequence/primary structure. Another point was earned for describing how, in some mutations, different amino acids will have changed interactions (R-groups), thus altering the ...
... the new codons would code for different amino acids, and how the mutation would affect the protein by changing the amino acid sequence/primary structure. Another point was earned for describing how, in some mutations, different amino acids will have changed interactions (R-groups), thus altering the ...
AP Biology Chapter Questions – Campbell 7th Edition
... 10. Define diffusion. Explain why diffusion is a spontaneous process. 11. Explain why a concentration gradient of a substance across a membrane represents potential energy. 12. Distinguish among hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions. 13. Define osmosis and predict the direction of water move ...
... 10. Define diffusion. Explain why diffusion is a spontaneous process. 11. Explain why a concentration gradient of a substance across a membrane represents potential energy. 12. Distinguish among hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions. 13. Define osmosis and predict the direction of water move ...
Supplemental Text. Informational genes undergo inter
... Holliday junctions resolution. Holliday junctions are DNA structures that are formed during homologous recombination – a fundamental cellular process mostly used to rearrange genes and accurately repair DNA double-strand breaks. These four-way DNA junctions need to be resolved to allow proper chromo ...
... Holliday junctions resolution. Holliday junctions are DNA structures that are formed during homologous recombination – a fundamental cellular process mostly used to rearrange genes and accurately repair DNA double-strand breaks. These four-way DNA junctions need to be resolved to allow proper chromo ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.