EXPLORE THE ISSUE BEING INVESTIGATED
... regulatory genes direct development has been, and continues to be, one of the most exciting research areas in biology. In order to sort out this very complicated business, it is necessary to focus on specific systems. If you can understand one system in detail, what you learn may apply to other syst ...
... regulatory genes direct development has been, and continues to be, one of the most exciting research areas in biology. In order to sort out this very complicated business, it is necessary to focus on specific systems. If you can understand one system in detail, what you learn may apply to other syst ...
Exploring the Brain Specific Proteome
... The SLC1A2 gene is tissue enriched in brain, with at least 5 times higher RNA expression in brain compared to other tissues. This is illustrated here with IHC staining in seven different tissues using the Anti-SLC1A2 antibody (HPA009172). No staining is seen in cervix (A), colon (B), liver (C), lung ...
... The SLC1A2 gene is tissue enriched in brain, with at least 5 times higher RNA expression in brain compared to other tissues. This is illustrated here with IHC staining in seven different tissues using the Anti-SLC1A2 antibody (HPA009172). No staining is seen in cervix (A), colon (B), liver (C), lung ...
1. metabolic regulation: general concepts - cmb
... Intracellular substrates concentration are often similar to Km or lower (limiting factors). 2. by reversible interaction with ligands. Low molecular weight ligands can interact with enzymes and exert allosteric effects. Frequently, the first or most important step in a metabolic pathway is under all ...
... Intracellular substrates concentration are often similar to Km or lower (limiting factors). 2. by reversible interaction with ligands. Low molecular weight ligands can interact with enzymes and exert allosteric effects. Frequently, the first or most important step in a metabolic pathway is under all ...
Protein Family Analysis: Protein Family Sorter
... 1. To get the data and names on protein families, use the mouse to draw a box around the area of interest in the heatmap (Red arrow 1 in Panel A). A pop-‐up window will appear that al ...
... 1. To get the data and names on protein families, use the mouse to draw a box around the area of interest in the heatmap (Red arrow 1 in Panel A). A pop-‐up window will appear that al ...
Biochemistry Test Review: Remember the test is Friday August 28th
... Definition of and how to form covalent bond Definition of and how to form ionic bond Definition of and how to form polar covalent bond Definition of and how to form hydrogen bond Strength of bonds from strongest to weakest Ratios for carbohydrates and lipids Which elements are found in carbohydrates ...
... Definition of and how to form covalent bond Definition of and how to form ionic bond Definition of and how to form polar covalent bond Definition of and how to form hydrogen bond Strength of bonds from strongest to weakest Ratios for carbohydrates and lipids Which elements are found in carbohydrates ...
GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS
... The genomes of salmonids have undergone two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) relative to their last common ancestor with humans. Around 15% and 50% respectively of the duplicated genes (paralogues) from these WGD events have been retained in extant species. The regulatory regions of gene par ...
... The genomes of salmonids have undergone two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) relative to their last common ancestor with humans. Around 15% and 50% respectively of the duplicated genes (paralogues) from these WGD events have been retained in extant species. The regulatory regions of gene par ...
Define biology
... Levels of organization in life from atoms to organism to biosphere and all in between Define the common characteristics of living things, and describe each level using examples. What examples show that all living things are related? Describe why biologists say that there is a unity that all living t ...
... Levels of organization in life from atoms to organism to biosphere and all in between Define the common characteristics of living things, and describe each level using examples. What examples show that all living things are related? Describe why biologists say that there is a unity that all living t ...
AF4 Encodes a Ubiquitous Protein That in Both
... of the genes. Recently, a third gene (FMR2) has been recognized as a member of AF4/LAF4 gene family. FMR2 maps to X chromosome at position Xq28. Mutations of FMR2 are associated with mild hereditary mental retardation.7,8 Members of the homologous AF4/LAF4/FMR2 gene family are expected to have trans ...
... of the genes. Recently, a third gene (FMR2) has been recognized as a member of AF4/LAF4 gene family. FMR2 maps to X chromosome at position Xq28. Mutations of FMR2 are associated with mild hereditary mental retardation.7,8 Members of the homologous AF4/LAF4/FMR2 gene family are expected to have trans ...
19 Dominant Negative Examples
... While classical genetics often concerned itself with the rules governing the segregation of genetic material, modern genetics is more concerned with uncovering the function of proteins (mainly) and the elucidation of pathway ...
... While classical genetics often concerned itself with the rules governing the segregation of genetic material, modern genetics is more concerned with uncovering the function of proteins (mainly) and the elucidation of pathway ...
Structure of the DNA-binding motifs of activators
... • These domains contain about 60 amino acids • Resemble the helix-turn-helix proteins in structure and function • Found in a variety of activators • Originally identified in homeobox proteins ...
... • These domains contain about 60 amino acids • Resemble the helix-turn-helix proteins in structure and function • Found in a variety of activators • Originally identified in homeobox proteins ...
4_1 MI Quest_ ANSWER KEY - Kenwood Academy High School
... two were large. What can you conclude from these results? (2 pts) Answer: A – denaturing with SDS makes sure the proteins no longer A. Four polypeptides made up the protein have secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure. If it was a single B. The protein could be an enzyme protein and you see 4 ba ...
... two were large. What can you conclude from these results? (2 pts) Answer: A – denaturing with SDS makes sure the proteins no longer A. Four polypeptides made up the protein have secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure. If it was a single B. The protein could be an enzyme protein and you see 4 ba ...
Insilico drug design
... • These involve molecular docking of each compound in the chemical database into the binding site of the target and predicting the electrostatic fit between them. • The compounds are ranked using an appropriate scoring function such that the scores correlate with the binding affinity. • Receptor bas ...
... • These involve molecular docking of each compound in the chemical database into the binding site of the target and predicting the electrostatic fit between them. • The compounds are ranked using an appropriate scoring function such that the scores correlate with the binding affinity. • Receptor bas ...
GEN - Mass-Defect Tagging for Proteomic Analysis
... others. The unique advantage of MSbased assays is the ability to gain more molecular-level information about an analyte, such as posttranslational modifications, and thus add more clinical relevance to the assay. Protein differential-display analysis has proved useful for the determination of drug m ...
... others. The unique advantage of MSbased assays is the ability to gain more molecular-level information about an analyte, such as posttranslational modifications, and thus add more clinical relevance to the assay. Protein differential-display analysis has proved useful for the determination of drug m ...
model 1 - Instructure
... c. Which transcription regulator (A or B) has more influence than the other? B 2. Suggest one molecular explanation for why transcription rates are not very high in condition A. (Why don't sigma/RNA polymerase bind very often?) The promoter is weak and rarely binds to the polymerase without assistan ...
... c. Which transcription regulator (A or B) has more influence than the other? B 2. Suggest one molecular explanation for why transcription rates are not very high in condition A. (Why don't sigma/RNA polymerase bind very often?) The promoter is weak and rarely binds to the polymerase without assistan ...
The Nucleus: DNA, Chromatin And Chromosomes
... - Ribosomes are the machines that synthesize proteins based on the m-RNA template. Ribosomes are non-specific i.e. they are used in the synthesis of all proteins. iii. Transfer-RNA (t-RNA) - Transfers the appropriate amino-acid to a growing protein chain - There is one t-RNA for each amino-acid ...
... - Ribosomes are the machines that synthesize proteins based on the m-RNA template. Ribosomes are non-specific i.e. they are used in the synthesis of all proteins. iii. Transfer-RNA (t-RNA) - Transfers the appropriate amino-acid to a growing protein chain - There is one t-RNA for each amino-acid ...
Chapter 18 Gene Regulation
... pathways; their synthesis is induced by a chemical signal • Repressible enzymes usually function in anabolic pathways; their synthesis is repressed by high levels of the end product ...
... pathways; their synthesis is induced by a chemical signal • Repressible enzymes usually function in anabolic pathways; their synthesis is repressed by high levels of the end product ...
Chapter 7A
... Regulatory Elements in Eukaryotic Genes The regulation of transcription of many eukaryotic genes is highly complex. Genes can be expressed differently in various tissues, during different stages of development, and under different environmental conditions. The complexity of expression of the Pax6 g ...
... Regulatory Elements in Eukaryotic Genes The regulation of transcription of many eukaryotic genes is highly complex. Genes can be expressed differently in various tissues, during different stages of development, and under different environmental conditions. The complexity of expression of the Pax6 g ...
The PIN-domain ribonucleases and the prokaryotic VapBC toxin
... features of PIN-domains and summarise the evidence for their biochemical and biological functions. It will then discuss the VapBC TA systems and collect the disparate evidence for their roles as response operons to stressors and the changing environments encountered by the microbes in whose genomes ...
... features of PIN-domains and summarise the evidence for their biochemical and biological functions. It will then discuss the VapBC TA systems and collect the disparate evidence for their roles as response operons to stressors and the changing environments encountered by the microbes in whose genomes ...
Transport to the vacuole: receptors and trans elements
... Although CCVs provide a mechanism for the selection of soluble proteins from the secretory system, it does not appear that they transport their cargo directly to the vacuole. Cell fractionation studies have identified the 80 kDa protein and the Arabidopsis homologue in a membrane fraction less dense ...
... Although CCVs provide a mechanism for the selection of soluble proteins from the secretory system, it does not appear that they transport their cargo directly to the vacuole. Cell fractionation studies have identified the 80 kDa protein and the Arabidopsis homologue in a membrane fraction less dense ...
Viral Metagenome Analysis Nicholas Upton Introduction A
... unknown viral sequence. From the relatively simple techniques used, similarity to Sulfolobaceae-infecting bacteriophages was found, suggesting that the sequence itself may be from a Sulfolobaceae-infecting phage. Additionally, similarity – although fairly slight – was found to putative glycosyltrans ...
... unknown viral sequence. From the relatively simple techniques used, similarity to Sulfolobaceae-infecting bacteriophages was found, suggesting that the sequence itself may be from a Sulfolobaceae-infecting phage. Additionally, similarity – although fairly slight – was found to putative glycosyltrans ...
Gene Section FRZB (frizzled related protein) -
... damage when challenged by different models of acute and short-term joint, suggesting a role for FRZB in osteoarthritis. The observed cartilage damage was associated with increased WNT signalling and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) expression and activity. ...
... damage when challenged by different models of acute and short-term joint, suggesting a role for FRZB in osteoarthritis. The observed cartilage damage was associated with increased WNT signalling and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) expression and activity. ...
BIG IDEA 4
... • Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes, which are important in intracellular digestion, the recycling of a cell’s organic materials and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion in a variety of ways. ✘ Specific examples of how lys ...
... • Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes, which are important in intracellular digestion, the recycling of a cell’s organic materials and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion in a variety of ways. ✘ Specific examples of how lys ...
Identification of RIG-I CARD Interacting Cellular Proteins Poh
... of RIG-I, specifically in human cells, and postulate their role in RIG-I signalling. CARD(WT)Fc and a CARD(T55I)-Fc mutant were generated and purified with whole cell lysates (WCL) from human cell lines H1299 (human lung cancer cell line deficient in p53) and HuH7 (human hepatoma cell line). Althoug ...
... of RIG-I, specifically in human cells, and postulate their role in RIG-I signalling. CARD(WT)Fc and a CARD(T55I)-Fc mutant were generated and purified with whole cell lysates (WCL) from human cell lines H1299 (human lung cancer cell line deficient in p53) and HuH7 (human hepatoma cell line). Althoug ...
Morphologically distinct phenotypes of spermatozoa in infertile men
... a total of 102 modifications identified for the first time in human sperm. Variability in modifications on H3 was noted between individuals, while the abundance of modifications on H4 was consistent. No differences were observed between fresh vs. frozen sperm. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to ...
... a total of 102 modifications identified for the first time in human sperm. Variability in modifications on H3 was noted between individuals, while the abundance of modifications on H4 was consistent. No differences were observed between fresh vs. frozen sperm. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to ...
Nucleic Acid Purity Assessment using A260/A280 Ratios
... Concentration can also affect the results, as dilute samples will have very little difference between the absorbance at 260 nm and that at 280 nm. With very small differences, the detection limit and resolution of the instrument measurements begin to become much more significant. The type(s) of prot ...
... Concentration can also affect the results, as dilute samples will have very little difference between the absorbance at 260 nm and that at 280 nm. With very small differences, the detection limit and resolution of the instrument measurements begin to become much more significant. The type(s) of prot ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.