Functional Characterization of a Mitochondrial Ser/Thr Protein
... 2. Identification of Protein Phosphatases in Mitochondria 2.1. Databases used for identification of mitochondria targeting sequence in PP2C family members PP2Cs are Mg2þ- or Mn2þ-dependent protein phosphatases with a number of isoforms encoded by different homologous genes (Cohen, 1994; Stern et al. ...
... 2. Identification of Protein Phosphatases in Mitochondria 2.1. Databases used for identification of mitochondria targeting sequence in PP2C family members PP2Cs are Mg2þ- or Mn2þ-dependent protein phosphatases with a number of isoforms encoded by different homologous genes (Cohen, 1994; Stern et al. ...
Maize streak virus coat protein binds single
... and a separating gel of 15 %. Cells from 50 µl culture were collected by centrifugation and boiled for 10 min with 100 µl 1¬loading buffer. The supernatant was collected after brief centrifugation and 15 µl loaded onto the gel. An extract of MSV infected maize was loaded to provide a CP control. Mol ...
... and a separating gel of 15 %. Cells from 50 µl culture were collected by centrifugation and boiled for 10 min with 100 µl 1¬loading buffer. The supernatant was collected after brief centrifugation and 15 µl loaded onto the gel. An extract of MSV infected maize was loaded to provide a CP control. Mol ...
Quiz 2 Review Sheet
... supports this? (I discussed two major pieces of observational evidence) Why couldn’t protein have come first or DNA have come first? 116. Why do you think protein and DNA exist today? Why aren’t organisms still solely based on RNA? Use the term natural selection in your answer to these questions. 1 ...
... supports this? (I discussed two major pieces of observational evidence) Why couldn’t protein have come first or DNA have come first? 116. Why do you think protein and DNA exist today? Why aren’t organisms still solely based on RNA? Use the term natural selection in your answer to these questions. 1 ...
Thermostability of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion
... fusion was tested with pTM1 plasmids carrying the fulllength F gene with either the wild-type sequence or the D137–146 deletion. Formation of syncytia was assessed in BSR-T7/5 cells, which express the T7 polymerase constitutively (Buchholz et al., 1999), transfected with the pTM1 plasmids encoding e ...
... fusion was tested with pTM1 plasmids carrying the fulllength F gene with either the wild-type sequence or the D137–146 deletion. Formation of syncytia was assessed in BSR-T7/5 cells, which express the T7 polymerase constitutively (Buchholz et al., 1999), transfected with the pTM1 plasmids encoding e ...
The Effect of Osmotic Shock on Release of Bacterial Proteins and on
... called the shock fluid, is removed. This fluid contains the hydrolytic enzymes already referred to (Table I) as well as the binding proteins. It contains about 3.5 % of the cellular protein when the cells are grown under conditions that suppress the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase. T h e shocked c ...
... called the shock fluid, is removed. This fluid contains the hydrolytic enzymes already referred to (Table I) as well as the binding proteins. It contains about 3.5 % of the cellular protein when the cells are grown under conditions that suppress the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase. T h e shocked c ...
Li, H., and Baker, B. S.
... necessary for male sexual behavior (Hall, 1994; Ito et al., 1996; Ryner et al., 1996; Taylor et al., 1994) and the development of a male-specific abdominal muscle, the Muscle of Lawrence (MOL) (Gailey et al., 1991; Ito et al., 1996; Lawrence and Johnston, 1986; Ryner et al., 1996). The female-specif ...
... necessary for male sexual behavior (Hall, 1994; Ito et al., 1996; Ryner et al., 1996; Taylor et al., 1994) and the development of a male-specific abdominal muscle, the Muscle of Lawrence (MOL) (Gailey et al., 1991; Ito et al., 1996; Lawrence and Johnston, 1986; Ryner et al., 1996). The female-specif ...
Improved detection and identification of low
... over 20 h. IPG strips can also be run on IPGphor™ electrophoresis unit using paper bridges on Cup Loading Strip Holder, which achieves equally high spot resolution. All chemicals and reagents used for the second dimension of 2-D electrophoresis are described in reference 6. Initial equilibration of ...
... over 20 h. IPG strips can also be run on IPGphor™ electrophoresis unit using paper bridges on Cup Loading Strip Holder, which achieves equally high spot resolution. All chemicals and reagents used for the second dimension of 2-D electrophoresis are described in reference 6. Initial equilibration of ...
Glycosylation of Proteins - Structure, Function and Analysis
... Golgi apparatus of each cell. This variety of profiles gives cells the flexibility to produce glycoproteins with specific properties related to the function of that cell but from a limited number of monosaccharides. Glycans have been shown to have a range of specific biological roles: by targeting o ...
... Golgi apparatus of each cell. This variety of profiles gives cells the flexibility to produce glycoproteins with specific properties related to the function of that cell but from a limited number of monosaccharides. Glycans have been shown to have a range of specific biological roles: by targeting o ...
Mei-S332, a Drosophila Protein Required for Sister
... to 90% of mutant spermatocytes, leading to nondisjunction and chromosome loss in the second meiotic division. Because even in apparent null mutations a defect in cohesion is not detectable until the time at which wild-type sister chromatids are associated only at their centromere regions, meLS332 is ...
... to 90% of mutant spermatocytes, leading to nondisjunction and chromosome loss in the second meiotic division. Because even in apparent null mutations a defect in cohesion is not detectable until the time at which wild-type sister chromatids are associated only at their centromere regions, meLS332 is ...
Comparative genomics exercises - Genome curation on emerging
... (brown) and A. terreus (red). Choose ‘1 (reference)’ for A. fumigatus (purple). Choose ‘2’ for N. fischeri (green) and ‘3’ for A. clavatus (yellow). Click ‘redraw’. * To expand the range on either side of the reference cluster, click on ‘25kb’. * To view the list of protein in a cluster mouse-over t ...
... (brown) and A. terreus (red). Choose ‘1 (reference)’ for A. fumigatus (purple). Choose ‘2’ for N. fischeri (green) and ‘3’ for A. clavatus (yellow). Click ‘redraw’. * To expand the range on either side of the reference cluster, click on ‘25kb’. * To view the list of protein in a cluster mouse-over t ...
The orphan histidine protein kinase SgmT is a cdiGMP receptor and
... environments. In this context, specific inputs are coupled to specific outputs by dynamically interacting signalling proteins organized in regulatory pathways. In order to ensure an optimal coupling between input and output, the specificity in the input–output coupling is essential. Despite the mult ...
... environments. In this context, specific inputs are coupled to specific outputs by dynamically interacting signalling proteins organized in regulatory pathways. In order to ensure an optimal coupling between input and output, the specificity in the input–output coupling is essential. Despite the mult ...
Hey Adrian !!! Pass the Egg Whites
... Although this short "Anabolic Window" is a critical period of time, it's during the next 24 to 48 hours that most muscle growth occurs. The downside of all protein powders is that they only provide anabolic support for a couple of hours which is far less than what your body really needs... This is w ...
... Although this short "Anabolic Window" is a critical period of time, it's during the next 24 to 48 hours that most muscle growth occurs. The downside of all protein powders is that they only provide anabolic support for a couple of hours which is far less than what your body really needs... This is w ...
Eukaryotically Encoded and Chloroplast
... rubredoxin has a similar distribution to that of photosystem II complexes, suggested a co-localization of rubredoxin with PS II. To test if rubredoxin is attached to the photosynthesis machinery or is a part of it, we isolated PS II-enriched complexes from spinach thylakoids. One fraction consisted ...
... rubredoxin has a similar distribution to that of photosystem II complexes, suggested a co-localization of rubredoxin with PS II. To test if rubredoxin is attached to the photosynthesis machinery or is a part of it, we isolated PS II-enriched complexes from spinach thylakoids. One fraction consisted ...
Nedd8 processing enzymes inSchizosaccharomyces pombe
... (66% of wild type) while the 5 gene deletion strain, Δuch1Δuch2Δnep1Δnep2Δcsn5 shows even less activity (45% of wild type). However there is still processing activity unaccounted for by these 5 enzymes. This activity can be further reduced upon incubation with ubiquitin-aldehyde, but not o-phenanthr ...
... (66% of wild type) while the 5 gene deletion strain, Δuch1Δuch2Δnep1Δnep2Δcsn5 shows even less activity (45% of wild type). However there is still processing activity unaccounted for by these 5 enzymes. This activity can be further reduced upon incubation with ubiquitin-aldehyde, but not o-phenanthr ...
Sp3 Represses Gene Expression via the Titration of Promoter
... Robert Tjian (University of California, Berkeley; see Ref. 3). pPacSp3, pPacM1, pPacM2, pBSK-Sp3/flu, pCR-M1/flu, and pCR-M2/flu were prepared as described (31, 33). Constructions employed for in vitro translation of human and Drosophila TAFII proteins were obtained from Dr. Robert Tjian. DHFR-CAT h ...
... Robert Tjian (University of California, Berkeley; see Ref. 3). pPacSp3, pPacM1, pPacM2, pBSK-Sp3/flu, pCR-M1/flu, and pCR-M2/flu were prepared as described (31, 33). Constructions employed for in vitro translation of human and Drosophila TAFII proteins were obtained from Dr. Robert Tjian. DHFR-CAT h ...
Proteins - virtual laboratories
... As you might remember from chemistry, carbon atoms (C) form four bonds, and where these are all single bonds, the basic structure of the atoms bound to a C is tetrahedral. We can think of an amino acid as a (highly) modified form of methane (CH4), with the C referred to as the alpha carbon (Cα). Ins ...
... As you might remember from chemistry, carbon atoms (C) form four bonds, and where these are all single bonds, the basic structure of the atoms bound to a C is tetrahedral. We can think of an amino acid as a (highly) modified form of methane (CH4), with the C referred to as the alpha carbon (Cα). Ins ...
JCB Raver1, a dual compartment protein, is a ligand for
... coding for signaling and cytoskeletal proteins such as c-src, -actinin, and tropomyosin (Valcarcel and Gebauer, 1997). mRNA export from the nucleus, directed cytoplasmic transport, and anchoring at the site of translation are additional steps required. Export might also involve cytoskeletal protein ...
... coding for signaling and cytoskeletal proteins such as c-src, -actinin, and tropomyosin (Valcarcel and Gebauer, 1997). mRNA export from the nucleus, directed cytoplasmic transport, and anchoring at the site of translation are additional steps required. Export might also involve cytoskeletal protein ...
Book Review - Journal of Experimental Biology
... low blood glucose, and low temperatures. This chapter also reviews a small number of genes whose expression changes during hibernation, focussing on an increase in the expression of the melatonin receptor measured in a variety of tissues. Perhaps, the authors contend, an increased sensitivity to mel ...
... low blood glucose, and low temperatures. This chapter also reviews a small number of genes whose expression changes during hibernation, focussing on an increase in the expression of the melatonin receptor measured in a variety of tissues. Perhaps, the authors contend, an increased sensitivity to mel ...
Glucose Induces Lipolytic Cleavage of a Glycolipidic Plasma
... encoded by separate, although very similar genes, and may be expressed or processed differently in different cell types (for review see Low, 1989). In most cases the enzymic activities of the alternative forms of the proteins are very similar, and no specific difference has been found to correlate w ...
... encoded by separate, although very similar genes, and may be expressed or processed differently in different cell types (for review see Low, 1989). In most cases the enzymic activities of the alternative forms of the proteins are very similar, and no specific difference has been found to correlate w ...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - HAL
... appears to be an essential step in assembly of the viral particle. This conclusion is at odds with the recent results of analyses of WT C191 production in yeast cells (Majeau et al., 2005). The reasons for these discrepancies are unknown but may be due to differences in the HCV assembly mechanisms i ...
... appears to be an essential step in assembly of the viral particle. This conclusion is at odds with the recent results of analyses of WT C191 production in yeast cells (Majeau et al., 2005). The reasons for these discrepancies are unknown but may be due to differences in the HCV assembly mechanisms i ...
SMN1 - IS MU
... pICln-PRMT5 complex and bind the SMN complex. B1) The SMN complex is composed of SMN, Gemins2-8 and unrip. SMN is shown in the figure as an oligomer as it has been shown to self-associate and it has been suggested that oligomerization is critical for SMN function. The exact numbers of SMN monomers i ...
... pICln-PRMT5 complex and bind the SMN complex. B1) The SMN complex is composed of SMN, Gemins2-8 and unrip. SMN is shown in the figure as an oligomer as it has been shown to self-associate and it has been suggested that oligomerization is critical for SMN function. The exact numbers of SMN monomers i ...
Protein translocation pathways across the inner and outer
... recognition, import and intramitochondrial sorting of preproteins. Various cytosolic factors as Hsp70 and auxillary factors assist in targeting these preproteins to their destinations. Also, different protein components in the matrix participate in this energetically driven translocation process in ...
... recognition, import and intramitochondrial sorting of preproteins. Various cytosolic factors as Hsp70 and auxillary factors assist in targeting these preproteins to their destinations. Also, different protein components in the matrix participate in this energetically driven translocation process in ...
Gene Section NOL3 (nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain))
... data). Decreases in ARC protein abundance in response to hypoxia appear to be regulated by p53 repression of nol3 transcription (Li et al., 2008). Apart from ARC protein abundance, the activity of ARC is also ...
... data). Decreases in ARC protein abundance in response to hypoxia appear to be regulated by p53 repression of nol3 transcription (Li et al., 2008). Apart from ARC protein abundance, the activity of ARC is also ...
Beyond the ABCs: ternary complex formation in the control of
... gene specificity is determined by a complex combination of variables that affect promoter topology. One of these variables is likely to be the ability of any given transcription factor to interact with other factors that might, in turn, contact other factors and/or the DNA. All these studies point t ...
... gene specificity is determined by a complex combination of variables that affect promoter topology. One of these variables is likely to be the ability of any given transcription factor to interact with other factors that might, in turn, contact other factors and/or the DNA. All these studies point t ...
Revealing kinase inhibitor mechanisms: ITC leads the way
... these forms is also valuable in deciding whether to pursue compounds binding to the active or nonactive form of the protein. Decisions of this type will affect the subsequent processes involved in kinase drug discovery. ...
... these forms is also valuable in deciding whether to pursue compounds binding to the active or nonactive form of the protein. Decisions of this type will affect the subsequent processes involved in kinase drug discovery. ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.