Chapter Sixteen: Control of Gene Expression
... Sex development in fruit flies depends on alternative splicing as well as a cascade of genetic regulation. Early in the development of female fruit flies, a femalespecific promoter is activated stimulating transcription at the sex-lethal (Sxl) gene. Splicing of the pre-mRNA of the transformer (tra) ...
... Sex development in fruit flies depends on alternative splicing as well as a cascade of genetic regulation. Early in the development of female fruit flies, a femalespecific promoter is activated stimulating transcription at the sex-lethal (Sxl) gene. Splicing of the pre-mRNA of the transformer (tra) ...
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... Experimental Procedures; data not shown). Thus, while the genetic screen is based on a deliberate genetic artifact (the overexpression of dFmr1 in the eye), this interaction at the NMJ supports the notion that dlgl and dFmr1 do function together in vivo. Although dFmr1 is ubiquitously expressed, dFm ...
... Experimental Procedures; data not shown). Thus, while the genetic screen is based on a deliberate genetic artifact (the overexpression of dFmr1 in the eye), this interaction at the NMJ supports the notion that dlgl and dFmr1 do function together in vivo. Although dFmr1 is ubiquitously expressed, dFm ...
Helix BioMedix Invited To Present At SRI`s Peptides and Therapeutic
... immunity functions including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and stimulatory activities. HB50 is a broad spectrum topical anti-infective that effectively prevents S. aureus wound infection including infections caused by mupirocin resistant MRSA. Efficacy has also been demonstrated in this model wit ...
... immunity functions including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and stimulatory activities. HB50 is a broad spectrum topical anti-infective that effectively prevents S. aureus wound infection including infections caused by mupirocin resistant MRSA. Efficacy has also been demonstrated in this model wit ...
Gene Section CLTCL1 (clathrin heavy polypeptide-like 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... CLTCL1/ALK may in fact be cases of CLTC/ALK Disease ? found in a case of ALK+ anaplasic large cell lymphoma. Abnormal protein ? 2197 amino acids, 248-250 kDa; 1634 (nearly all the CLTCL1 protein) N-term amino acids from CLTCL1, fused to the 562 C-term amino acids from ALK (i.e. the entire cytoplasmi ...
... CLTCL1/ALK may in fact be cases of CLTC/ALK Disease ? found in a case of ALK+ anaplasic large cell lymphoma. Abnormal protein ? 2197 amino acids, 248-250 kDa; 1634 (nearly all the CLTCL1 protein) N-term amino acids from CLTCL1, fused to the 562 C-term amino acids from ALK (i.e. the entire cytoplasmi ...
hSSB1 the guardian of your genome
... can generate errors in the transcription of DNA and ensuing translation into proteins necessary for signaling and cellular function. To function correctly, each cell depends on thousands of proteins to do their jobs in the right places at the right times. A mutation can change a gene’s instructions ...
... can generate errors in the transcription of DNA and ensuing translation into proteins necessary for signaling and cellular function. To function correctly, each cell depends on thousands of proteins to do their jobs in the right places at the right times. A mutation can change a gene’s instructions ...
Genetic analysis of acidocin B, a novel bacteriocin
... Fig. 2. DNA sequence surrounding the Pstl site. Putative ribosome-binding sites (rbs) are indicated. A potential transcription terminator sequence is shown by horizontal arrows. The putative processing site in ORF-2 is indicated by a vertical arrow. The nucleotide sequence of both strands has been d ...
... Fig. 2. DNA sequence surrounding the Pstl site. Putative ribosome-binding sites (rbs) are indicated. A potential transcription terminator sequence is shown by horizontal arrows. The putative processing site in ORF-2 is indicated by a vertical arrow. The nucleotide sequence of both strands has been d ...
A previously uncharacterized tetratricopeptide-repeat
... The genes in this operon are subsequently referred to as complex media growth deficient (cmdA–cmdD), based on the mutant phenotype of an inability to grow on complex peptide rich growth media. Mutations in the operon resulted in a number of phenotypes related to envelope disfunction and cell morphol ...
... The genes in this operon are subsequently referred to as complex media growth deficient (cmdA–cmdD), based on the mutant phenotype of an inability to grow on complex peptide rich growth media. Mutations in the operon resulted in a number of phenotypes related to envelope disfunction and cell morphol ...
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... interact primarily with one face of the DNA double helix. • Regulatory protein are frequently symmetrical and bind to symmetrical sites on the DNA. • RNA polymerases are not symmetrical, and bind to asymmetric sites. This helps establish the direction of transcription. ...
... interact primarily with one face of the DNA double helix. • Regulatory protein are frequently symmetrical and bind to symmetrical sites on the DNA. • RNA polymerases are not symmetrical, and bind to asymmetric sites. This helps establish the direction of transcription. ...
Fruitful Collaboration of Physician/Physiologist and Engineer in the
... An immediate reason to question Eq. 4 is that it indicates that if protein intake could figuratively be brought to zero, measurable levels of urea would still be expected, inferring its continued production with no protein catabolism (i.e., when x = 0, y = 0.77, and Su = 0.77Scr). This is in confli ...
... An immediate reason to question Eq. 4 is that it indicates that if protein intake could figuratively be brought to zero, measurable levels of urea would still be expected, inferring its continued production with no protein catabolism (i.e., when x = 0, y = 0.77, and Su = 0.77Scr). This is in confli ...
Diseases of the Immune System lec.4
... tissue damage and functional compromise. These abnormal fibrils are produced by the aggregation of misfolded proteins or protein fragments. Pathogenesis of Amyloid Deposition All amyloid deposits are composed of nonbranching fibrils, each formed of β-sheet polypeptide chains that are wound together. ...
... tissue damage and functional compromise. These abnormal fibrils are produced by the aggregation of misfolded proteins or protein fragments. Pathogenesis of Amyloid Deposition All amyloid deposits are composed of nonbranching fibrils, each formed of β-sheet polypeptide chains that are wound together. ...
Gene Section MTUS1 (mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... factors (insulin, bFGF, EGF) induced extracellular regulated kinase (ERK2) activation was inhibited. This MTUS1 isoform 5 mediated inhibitory effect was also observed at cell proliferation level as measured by ...
... factors (insulin, bFGF, EGF) induced extracellular regulated kinase (ERK2) activation was inhibited. This MTUS1 isoform 5 mediated inhibitory effect was also observed at cell proliferation level as measured by ...
A Dictyostelium Mutant with Reduced Lysozyme Levels
... expression vector pDEX-RH (30) cut with the same restriction enzymes. To allow for detection of the transgene, a Myc epitope sequence cloned in pIC20R (31) was cut out using SmaI and AccI enzymes, blunted by filling in the two-base overhang, and ligated into the HincII site within the lysozyme seque ...
... expression vector pDEX-RH (30) cut with the same restriction enzymes. To allow for detection of the transgene, a Myc epitope sequence cloned in pIC20R (31) was cut out using SmaI and AccI enzymes, blunted by filling in the two-base overhang, and ligated into the HincII site within the lysozyme seque ...
The human apyrase-like protein LALP70 is lysosomal
... effective model to dissect the molecular basis of a variety of cellular structures and functions, higher eukaryotic cells are often more complex. Moreover, although there are striking similarities between autophagy in yeast and in higher eukaryotic cells, it is still a matter of debate how congruent ...
... effective model to dissect the molecular basis of a variety of cellular structures and functions, higher eukaryotic cells are often more complex. Moreover, although there are striking similarities between autophagy in yeast and in higher eukaryotic cells, it is still a matter of debate how congruent ...
Sorting of proteins to vacuoles in plant cells
... (PSV) and lytic vacuole (LV). Two subdomains [104] are shown for the ER: rough ER where membrane-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for translocation into the ER, and a region of smooth ER where PSV tonoplast may originate, indicated by the thick blue line. The arrow denoted by the circled 1 indica ...
... (PSV) and lytic vacuole (LV). Two subdomains [104] are shown for the ER: rough ER where membrane-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for translocation into the ER, and a region of smooth ER where PSV tonoplast may originate, indicated by the thick blue line. The arrow denoted by the circled 1 indica ...
Evolution of the eukaryotic membrane
... two homologous objects share common ancestry, i.e. were once the same object in the common ancestor of the organisms that are being considered (Reeck et al., 1987). This definition can be applied to appendages (e.g. mammalian arms and fins), organelles, proteins, genes, amino acids or even nucleotid ...
... two homologous objects share common ancestry, i.e. were once the same object in the common ancestor of the organisms that are being considered (Reeck et al., 1987). This definition can be applied to appendages (e.g. mammalian arms and fins), organelles, proteins, genes, amino acids or even nucleotid ...
6 systems biology of cell organization
... So let’s suppose that a researcher could somehow synthesize the genome of a species and produce all of its RNA molecules and proteins. That would be an amazing feat! If the genome, proteins, and RNAs were combined in a test tube with other small molecules that are needed for energy and as building b ...
... So let’s suppose that a researcher could somehow synthesize the genome of a species and produce all of its RNA molecules and proteins. That would be an amazing feat! If the genome, proteins, and RNAs were combined in a test tube with other small molecules that are needed for energy and as building b ...
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... phenotypes, but are dispensable for RNAi in the soma (Cikaluk et al. 1999; Grishok et al. 2001). Drosophila contains four characterized Argonaute proteins (Piwi, Aubergine, dAgo1, and dAgo2) plus one predicted from genomic DNA (dAgo3). piwi, aubergine, dAgo1, and dAgo2 have been implicated in RNAi-l ...
... phenotypes, but are dispensable for RNAi in the soma (Cikaluk et al. 1999; Grishok et al. 2001). Drosophila contains four characterized Argonaute proteins (Piwi, Aubergine, dAgo1, and dAgo2) plus one predicted from genomic DNA (dAgo3). piwi, aubergine, dAgo1, and dAgo2 have been implicated in RNAi-l ...
Responses to Water Deficit
... stress perception, which initiates a signal transduction pathway(s) and is manifested in changes at the cellular, physiological, and developmental levels. The set of responses observed depends upon severity and duration of the stress, plant genotype, developmental stage, and environmental factors pr ...
... stress perception, which initiates a signal transduction pathway(s) and is manifested in changes at the cellular, physiological, and developmental levels. The set of responses observed depends upon severity and duration of the stress, plant genotype, developmental stage, and environmental factors pr ...
Heat Shock Response and Protein Degradation
... it is mediated by a family of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) corresponding to HSF1 through HSF4 (37, 38, 65), which recognize and bind to heat shock elements (HSEs) present in the promoter regions of heat shock genes (11). The expression of multiple HSF family members in larger eukaryotes e ...
... it is mediated by a family of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) corresponding to HSF1 through HSF4 (37, 38, 65), which recognize and bind to heat shock elements (HSEs) present in the promoter regions of heat shock genes (11). The expression of multiple HSF family members in larger eukaryotes e ...
Recent advances in plant cell wall proteomics
... cell wall mass whereas CWPs only account for 5 to 10% [1]. Models of cell wall structure describe the arrangement of their components into dense interwoven networks of polysaccharides and proteins [2, 3]. Cellulose microfibrils and hemicelluloses constitute a network, another one is formed by struct ...
... cell wall mass whereas CWPs only account for 5 to 10% [1]. Models of cell wall structure describe the arrangement of their components into dense interwoven networks of polysaccharides and proteins [2, 3]. Cellulose microfibrils and hemicelluloses constitute a network, another one is formed by struct ...
Prediction of Gene Function Using Gene Clusters and Genomic
... (AE003853) of V.cholerae has a longer gene cluster containing all 8 components. 7 out of these 9 genomes have a full set of 8 components, but 1 component (COG1879) was missing in AE004091, 3 (COG1172, COG0524 and COG1609) were missing in AL590842. A short runs of genes, [COG1869-COG1129-COG1172-COG1 ...
... (AE003853) of V.cholerae has a longer gene cluster containing all 8 components. 7 out of these 9 genomes have a full set of 8 components, but 1 component (COG1879) was missing in AE004091, 3 (COG1172, COG0524 and COG1609) were missing in AL590842. A short runs of genes, [COG1869-COG1129-COG1172-COG1 ...
Non-natural amino acid
... Only 20 amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of proteins no fundamental reason other amino acids cannot be used in proteins ...
... Only 20 amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of proteins no fundamental reason other amino acids cannot be used in proteins ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.