general biology - Palomar College
... What is an example of a situation in which further observation is more appropriate than experimentation? You and others have observed and catalogued the diet of a troop of chimpanzees, and conclude that their vegetarian diet is too low in protein to account for their robust condition, and reproducti ...
... What is an example of a situation in which further observation is more appropriate than experimentation? You and others have observed and catalogued the diet of a troop of chimpanzees, and conclude that their vegetarian diet is too low in protein to account for their robust condition, and reproducti ...
File - western undergrad. by the students, for the students.
... 3. They contain sensors or receptors that allow the cell to respond to external stimuli including communications from other cells. 4. They are involved in cell movement. Biological membranes are based on lipid molecules. Lipids are biological molecules that have little or no solubility in water, but ...
... 3. They contain sensors or receptors that allow the cell to respond to external stimuli including communications from other cells. 4. They are involved in cell movement. Biological membranes are based on lipid molecules. Lipids are biological molecules that have little or no solubility in water, but ...
- Wiley Online Library
... involved in nitrate assimilation and the other required for nitrate respiration, the gene yet to be identi¢ed. MoaA is essential for the activity of both the assimilatory and the respiratory enzymes. The narGHJI genes encoding the putative respiratory nitrate reductase were isolated as part of the B ...
... involved in nitrate assimilation and the other required for nitrate respiration, the gene yet to be identi¢ed. MoaA is essential for the activity of both the assimilatory and the respiratory enzymes. The narGHJI genes encoding the putative respiratory nitrate reductase were isolated as part of the B ...
Biology 6 Test 1 Study Guide
... 2. Nitrogen (can use ammonium NH4+, nitrate NO3-, or nitrogen gas N2) ...
... 2. Nitrogen (can use ammonium NH4+, nitrate NO3-, or nitrogen gas N2) ...
Adaptative biochemical pathways and regulatory networks in
... pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, can grow on citrate by a Na(I)-dependent pathway, forming acetic acid and CO2 as final metabolites [1, 8, 9]. Genes specific for anaerobic citrate fermentation, such as those coding for regulators (citAB), catabolic enzymes (citCDEFG and oadGAB) and citrate tra ...
... pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, can grow on citrate by a Na(I)-dependent pathway, forming acetic acid and CO2 as final metabolites [1, 8, 9]. Genes specific for anaerobic citrate fermentation, such as those coding for regulators (citAB), catabolic enzymes (citCDEFG and oadGAB) and citrate tra ...
Gluconeogenesis - Assignment Point
... cycle can also be used for gluconeogenesis. Amino acids, after their amino group has been removed, feed into parts of the citric acid cycle, and can thus can generate glucose in this pathway. • Fatty acids cannot be turned into glucose, as they are broken down into the two carbon acetyl CoA. (Howeve ...
... cycle can also be used for gluconeogenesis. Amino acids, after their amino group has been removed, feed into parts of the citric acid cycle, and can thus can generate glucose in this pathway. • Fatty acids cannot be turned into glucose, as they are broken down into the two carbon acetyl CoA. (Howeve ...
P-BLOCK ELEMENTS
... (c) Action of heat: On heating, borax first looses water molecules and swells up. On further heating, it melts into a transparent liquid. The liquid solidifies into a glass like solid known as borax bead. ...
... (c) Action of heat: On heating, borax first looses water molecules and swells up. On further heating, it melts into a transparent liquid. The liquid solidifies into a glass like solid known as borax bead. ...
Lesson Overview
... 1. Compare the original situation in the bay with the current situation, taking note of the changes in both the food web and the nitrogen cycle. 2. Narragansett Bay harbors sea jellies that prefer warm water and have previously been present only in the summer and early fall. These sea jellies eat fi ...
... 1. Compare the original situation in the bay with the current situation, taking note of the changes in both the food web and the nitrogen cycle. 2. Narragansett Bay harbors sea jellies that prefer warm water and have previously been present only in the summer and early fall. These sea jellies eat fi ...
Jeopardy - Student Resources Home Page
... gains one or more electrons. loses a hydrogen atom and gains one or more electrons. ANSWER BACK TO GAME ...
... gains one or more electrons. loses a hydrogen atom and gains one or more electrons. ANSWER BACK TO GAME ...
N x C (N-2)
... There is certainly no lack of small membrane-bound vesicles in the eukaryotic cell! But these vesicles can be divided into basically two types: those that are fully derived from the RER/golgi system and those that are not. The latter are the so-called microbodies, of variable size but often smaller ...
... There is certainly no lack of small membrane-bound vesicles in the eukaryotic cell! But these vesicles can be divided into basically two types: those that are fully derived from the RER/golgi system and those that are not. The latter are the so-called microbodies, of variable size but often smaller ...
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTION
... BALANCING REDOX REACTIONS BY THE ION-ELECTRON METHOD Simply list the steps to balance a redox reaction in an acidic (or neutral) medium. Balancing redox reactions by the ion-electron method has 8 steps. ...
... BALANCING REDOX REACTIONS BY THE ION-ELECTRON METHOD Simply list the steps to balance a redox reaction in an acidic (or neutral) medium. Balancing redox reactions by the ion-electron method has 8 steps. ...
The Genome of Deep-Sea Vent Chemolithoautotroph
... chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gammaproteobacterium has a single chromosome (2,427,734 base pairs), and its genome illustrates many of the adaptations that have enabled it to thrive at vents globally. It has 14 methyl-accepting chemota ...
... chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gammaproteobacterium has a single chromosome (2,427,734 base pairs), and its genome illustrates many of the adaptations that have enabled it to thrive at vents globally. It has 14 methyl-accepting chemota ...
Events of The Krebs Cycle
... The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl COA is a three step process: 1. First, each of the two pyruvic acids are decarboxylated . At this point, two carbon dioxides are produced and diffuse to the blood. This event yields two acetyl groups. 2. Next, hydrogen is removed from each acetyl group and ad ...
... The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl COA is a three step process: 1. First, each of the two pyruvic acids are decarboxylated . At this point, two carbon dioxides are produced and diffuse to the blood. This event yields two acetyl groups. 2. Next, hydrogen is removed from each acetyl group and ad ...
pharmaceutical biochemistry
... Glycogen metabolism is under coordinated hormonal and allosteric regulation. The key enzymes in this process are the glycogen phosphorylase and the glycogen synthase. Glucagon and epinephrine could stimulate the glycogen degradation and inhibit glycogen synthesis; insulin has an opposite effect: it ...
... Glycogen metabolism is under coordinated hormonal and allosteric regulation. The key enzymes in this process are the glycogen phosphorylase and the glycogen synthase. Glucagon and epinephrine could stimulate the glycogen degradation and inhibit glycogen synthesis; insulin has an opposite effect: it ...
Chapter 17 - FIU Faculty Websites
... form of NADH and FADH2. The two carbon acetyl unit from acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is subsequently oxidized. The high-energy electrons are used to reduce O2 to H2O. This reduction generates a proton gradient that is used to synthesize ATP. ...
... form of NADH and FADH2. The two carbon acetyl unit from acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is subsequently oxidized. The high-energy electrons are used to reduce O2 to H2O. This reduction generates a proton gradient that is used to synthesize ATP. ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... have been discrepancies. Some values were lower and a few were higher. A recent review (Payne, 1970) refers to the many values obtained. Low values for YATP (bacterial wt g/mole ATP produced) may be explained by cell lysis or uncoupled fermentation and, with bacteria growing at low growth rates, by ...
... have been discrepancies. Some values were lower and a few were higher. A recent review (Payne, 1970) refers to the many values obtained. Low values for YATP (bacterial wt g/mole ATP produced) may be explained by cell lysis or uncoupled fermentation and, with bacteria growing at low growth rates, by ...
POULTRY BREEDING
... How to do that? Based on an acidification due to lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions. ...
... How to do that? Based on an acidification due to lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions. ...
Synthesis of New Sulfonamide Derivatives as Possible Antibacterial
... and the metal ion (which is a Zn2+ ion in all α-CAs investigated up to now) is essential for catalysis.[18] CAs are present in many human pathogens such as the malaria provoking protozoa Plasmodium falciparum , bacteria such as Escherichia coli , H. pylori, M. tuberculosis , Brucellaspp., S. pneumon ...
... and the metal ion (which is a Zn2+ ion in all α-CAs investigated up to now) is essential for catalysis.[18] CAs are present in many human pathogens such as the malaria provoking protozoa Plasmodium falciparum , bacteria such as Escherichia coli , H. pylori, M. tuberculosis , Brucellaspp., S. pneumon ...
Chemostat Design and Theory
... The People’s Chemostat – an EcLF Design The “People’s” chemostat considered here had its origins in 1973 at the University of Massachusetts, when Bruce Levin and Dennis Searcy constructed it to do low budget population dynamic and evolutionary studies with E. coli. (At the time, Bruce thought E. col ...
... The People’s Chemostat – an EcLF Design The “People’s” chemostat considered here had its origins in 1973 at the University of Massachusetts, when Bruce Levin and Dennis Searcy constructed it to do low budget population dynamic and evolutionary studies with E. coli. (At the time, Bruce thought E. col ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)