Figure 4.5 - Amazon S3
... the cell, metabolized (broken down) and possibly synthesized into new molecules, modified if needed, transported around the cell, and possibly distributed to the entire organism. For example, the large proteins that make up muscles are built from smaller molecules imported from dietary amino acids. ...
... the cell, metabolized (broken down) and possibly synthesized into new molecules, modified if needed, transported around the cell, and possibly distributed to the entire organism. For example, the large proteins that make up muscles are built from smaller molecules imported from dietary amino acids. ...
Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation
... Figure 8.2 Adenosine Triphosphate and Adenosine Diphosphate. (a) Structure of ATP and ADP. The two red bonds are more easily broken or have a high phosphate group transfer potential (see text). The pyrimidine ring atoms have been numbered. (b) A model of ATP. Carbon is in green; hydrogen in light bl ...
... Figure 8.2 Adenosine Triphosphate and Adenosine Diphosphate. (a) Structure of ATP and ADP. The two red bonds are more easily broken or have a high phosphate group transfer potential (see text). The pyrimidine ring atoms have been numbered. (b) A model of ATP. Carbon is in green; hydrogen in light bl ...
Micro 2 transcripts to be made into flashcards
... Sodium thioglycolate was added, which removes the free oxygen by chemically binding with it. Therefore, thioglycolate broth is called a REDUCING MEDIUM. It gets rid of the oxygen. There is also a pink indicator dye called rasazarin that shows you where the oxygen is. Notice that the pink color is on ...
... Sodium thioglycolate was added, which removes the free oxygen by chemically binding with it. Therefore, thioglycolate broth is called a REDUCING MEDIUM. It gets rid of the oxygen. There is also a pink indicator dye called rasazarin that shows you where the oxygen is. Notice that the pink color is on ...
toward a metabolic theory of ecology
... refers to the quantities, proportions, or ratios of elements in different entities, such as organisms or their environments (e.g., Reiners 1986, Elser et al. 1996, 2000a, Sterner and Elser 2002). Protoplasm, and the different structural and functional materials that comprise living biomass, have cha ...
... refers to the quantities, proportions, or ratios of elements in different entities, such as organisms or their environments (e.g., Reiners 1986, Elser et al. 1996, 2000a, Sterner and Elser 2002). Protoplasm, and the different structural and functional materials that comprise living biomass, have cha ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... • Producers get their energy from non-living resources. • Producers are also called autotrophs because they make their own food. ...
... • Producers get their energy from non-living resources. • Producers are also called autotrophs because they make their own food. ...
Lab Module 7 - philipdarrenjones.com
... fermentation by baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as fermentation in humans. Fermentation is a form of energy metabolism that is important in the production of many foods and beverages including cheeses, yogurt, sauerkraut, beer and other alcoholic beverages, and even things like choco ...
... fermentation by baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as fermentation in humans. Fermentation is a form of energy metabolism that is important in the production of many foods and beverages including cheeses, yogurt, sauerkraut, beer and other alcoholic beverages, and even things like choco ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
Chapter 14b
... - produces two important biomolecules (NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P)) from G6P. - ~30% of glucose oxidation in liver occurs via the pentose phosphate pathway. - Although NADH and NADPH are chemically similar, those are not metabolically interchangeable. - NADPH is the reducing power currency in ...
... - produces two important biomolecules (NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P)) from G6P. - ~30% of glucose oxidation in liver occurs via the pentose phosphate pathway. - Although NADH and NADPH are chemically similar, those are not metabolically interchangeable. - NADPH is the reducing power currency in ...
Collins CSEC® Chemistry Workbook answers A1 States of matter
... Döbereiner found that if certain groups of three elements that possessed similar properties were arranged in increasing relative atomic mass, the relative atomic mass of the middle element was close to the average of the other two elements. Mendeleev created the first version of the periodic table. ...
... Döbereiner found that if certain groups of three elements that possessed similar properties were arranged in increasing relative atomic mass, the relative atomic mass of the middle element was close to the average of the other two elements. Mendeleev created the first version of the periodic table. ...
Biology Chapter 18 PRETEST (mrk 2011)
... ____ 19. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin? a. Protista b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Animalia ____ 20. In Linnaeus’s time, all living things were grouped into two kingdoms. Later, there were five kingdoms, and now we have six kingdoms. What is the main reason for this increase ...
... ____ 19. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin? a. Protista b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Animalia ____ 20. In Linnaeus’s time, all living things were grouped into two kingdoms. Later, there were five kingdoms, and now we have six kingdoms. What is the main reason for this increase ...
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
... for other amino acids are shown in yellow. The nine essential amino acids are shown in boldface. The carbon skeletons come from intermediates of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the citric acid cycle. On the basis of the starting points the 20 amino acids can be group into 6 categories ...
... for other amino acids are shown in yellow. The nine essential amino acids are shown in boldface. The carbon skeletons come from intermediates of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the citric acid cycle. On the basis of the starting points the 20 amino acids can be group into 6 categories ...
Lec. 4 - Ketogenesis (Biosynthesis of ketone bodies)
... 3) The activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase- I in liver, which determines the proportion of the fatty acid flux that is oxidized rather than esterified; HOW • CPT-I activity is low in the fed state, leading to decrease fatty acid oxidation, and , high in starvation, allowing fatty acid oxidat ...
... 3) The activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase- I in liver, which determines the proportion of the fatty acid flux that is oxidized rather than esterified; HOW • CPT-I activity is low in the fed state, leading to decrease fatty acid oxidation, and , high in starvation, allowing fatty acid oxidat ...
Chemical Energy Production
... • Amino acids can be used to generate ATP – the amino group cannot be used to generate ATP – the remainder of most amino acids can generate intermediates that can enter the glycolytic pathway or the Kreb’s cycle H O H - N - C - C - OH H R ...
... • Amino acids can be used to generate ATP – the amino group cannot be used to generate ATP – the remainder of most amino acids can generate intermediates that can enter the glycolytic pathway or the Kreb’s cycle H O H - N - C - C - OH H R ...
Mobiluncus gen. nov. Mobiluncus curtisii subsp. curtisii sp. nov
... and B . gracilis, by 0.3% arginine hydrochloride for growth of Eubacterium lentum, and by 1%glucose for growth of all other organisms. The pH of each medium was adjusted to 7.0 0.2. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4,810 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The resulting cell pellets were f ...
... and B . gracilis, by 0.3% arginine hydrochloride for growth of Eubacterium lentum, and by 1%glucose for growth of all other organisms. The pH of each medium was adjusted to 7.0 0.2. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4,810 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The resulting cell pellets were f ...
FORMATION OF AMMONIA
... enzymes are responsible for removing ammonia from the blood stream. Severe deficiency or total absence of activity of any of the first four enzymes (CPS1, OTC, ASS, ASL) in the urea cycle or the cofactor producer (NAGS) results in the accumulation of ammonia (hyperammonemia) and other precursor meta ...
... enzymes are responsible for removing ammonia from the blood stream. Severe deficiency or total absence of activity of any of the first four enzymes (CPS1, OTC, ASS, ASL) in the urea cycle or the cofactor producer (NAGS) results in the accumulation of ammonia (hyperammonemia) and other precursor meta ...
Document
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (2C to 1C) • Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs cycle • Occurs in mitochondrial matrix • Is the biochemical hub of the cell, oxidizing carbon fuels, usually in the form of acetyl CoA, interconversion of carbohydrates, lipids, and some amino acids, as well as serving as a source of ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (2C to 1C) • Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs cycle • Occurs in mitochondrial matrix • Is the biochemical hub of the cell, oxidizing carbon fuels, usually in the form of acetyl CoA, interconversion of carbohydrates, lipids, and some amino acids, as well as serving as a source of ...
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and NADH oxidase
... Determination of AChE inhibitory activity The methanol extract of plant was examined for AChE inhibitory activities at concentration of 250 mg/l and were dissolved in a base-tris (0.05 M) buffer, following the spectrophotometric method developed by Ellman et al. (1961). In this method, to a 1 cm pat ...
... Determination of AChE inhibitory activity The methanol extract of plant was examined for AChE inhibitory activities at concentration of 250 mg/l and were dissolved in a base-tris (0.05 M) buffer, following the spectrophotometric method developed by Ellman et al. (1961). In this method, to a 1 cm pat ...
Malonyl-CoA: the regulator of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation
... In the catabolic state with no food intake, the liver generates ketones by breaking down fatty acids. During the nocturnal fast or longer starvation periods, this protects the brain, which cannot oxidize fatty acids. In 1977, we published a study in the JCI noting the surprising realization that mal ...
... In the catabolic state with no food intake, the liver generates ketones by breaking down fatty acids. During the nocturnal fast or longer starvation periods, this protects the brain, which cannot oxidize fatty acids. In 1977, we published a study in the JCI noting the surprising realization that mal ...
Lecture 3: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
... membrane, mitochondria can be divided into 2 compartments: first in between the inner and outer membrane, known as intermembrane space and second inside the inner membrane known as matrix. The proteins present in intermembrane space have a role in executing “programmed cell death” or “apoptosis”. Ma ...
... membrane, mitochondria can be divided into 2 compartments: first in between the inner and outer membrane, known as intermembrane space and second inside the inner membrane known as matrix. The proteins present in intermembrane space have a role in executing “programmed cell death” or “apoptosis”. Ma ...
Biology GuideBook
... Objective: Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: What is lactic acid fermentation and where does it occur? ...
... Objective: Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration: What is lactic acid fermentation and where does it occur? ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)