Electron Transport Chain
... ATP is made through oxidative phosphorylation, powered by the free energy released from electron transfer from NADH to O2. a) Given the following reduction potentials, calculate the available standard free energy from this process. NAD+ + H+ + 2 e- NADH E’º = -0.32 V 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- H2O E’º ...
... ATP is made through oxidative phosphorylation, powered by the free energy released from electron transfer from NADH to O2. a) Given the following reduction potentials, calculate the available standard free energy from this process. NAD+ + H+ + 2 e- NADH E’º = -0.32 V 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- H2O E’º ...
Ecology is the study of interactions in our environment
... How does carbon get back into the environment? 1. Plants & animals release CO2 during respiration 2. Burning of wood & fossil fuels 3. Using electricity, (most power plants use fossil fuels) ...
... How does carbon get back into the environment? 1. Plants & animals release CO2 during respiration 2. Burning of wood & fossil fuels 3. Using electricity, (most power plants use fossil fuels) ...
DOC
... Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part ...
... Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part ...
Mitochondria consist of a matrix where three
... Some energy is always converted to a form that a cell can not use. This is called heat. Heat energy does not change from place to place locally. It is uniform, lacking a usable gradient. This uniformity cannot be tapped by metabolism to do work, it can only supply kinetic energy for diffusion or giv ...
... Some energy is always converted to a form that a cell can not use. This is called heat. Heat energy does not change from place to place locally. It is uniform, lacking a usable gradient. This uniformity cannot be tapped by metabolism to do work, it can only supply kinetic energy for diffusion or giv ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Types of
... y Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: y Chemical work y Transport work y Mechanical work ...
... y Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: y Chemical work y Transport work y Mechanical work ...
Chapter 6 Answers Energy and Life Visual Understanding Figure
... 1. You eat a hamburger. Salivary amylase begins to digest the carbohydrates in the bun while you are still chewing. Pepsin works in your stomach to digest the protein, and trypsin is active in your small intestine to break the bonds between specific amino acids. How does the optimum pH for pepsin an ...
... 1. You eat a hamburger. Salivary amylase begins to digest the carbohydrates in the bun while you are still chewing. Pepsin works in your stomach to digest the protein, and trypsin is active in your small intestine to break the bonds between specific amino acids. How does the optimum pH for pepsin an ...
5.1 Communities and ecosystems 5.1.1 Define species, habitat
... Geochemical, such as erosion and volcanic activity Mixed biogeochemical processes, such as burial and decomposition of dead organisms (into coal and petroleum, or fossil fuels) Human activities, such as mining, cutting and burning of forests and fossil fuels o Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen is need ...
... Geochemical, such as erosion and volcanic activity Mixed biogeochemical processes, such as burial and decomposition of dead organisms (into coal and petroleum, or fossil fuels) Human activities, such as mining, cutting and burning of forests and fossil fuels o Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen is need ...
Cellular Respiration
... products are ethanol, lactic acid, and hydrogen. However, more exotic compounds can be produced by fermentation, such as butyric acid and acetone. Yeast carries out fermentation in the production of ethanol in beers, wines and other alcoholic drinks, along with the production of large quantities of ...
... products are ethanol, lactic acid, and hydrogen. However, more exotic compounds can be produced by fermentation, such as butyric acid and acetone. Yeast carries out fermentation in the production of ethanol in beers, wines and other alcoholic drinks, along with the production of large quantities of ...
Lecture 5
... Rubisco (rubisco is short for a very long name). The enzyme basically glues carbon dioxide molecules together. In the end, the dark reactions make glucose. Thus, photosynthesis is really the opposite of cellular respiration. Plants are not the only organisms that do photosynthesis. There are some si ...
... Rubisco (rubisco is short for a very long name). The enzyme basically glues carbon dioxide molecules together. In the end, the dark reactions make glucose. Thus, photosynthesis is really the opposite of cellular respiration. Plants are not the only organisms that do photosynthesis. There are some si ...
Energetics and Catabolism
... G = Go’ + RT ln [C] [D]/[A][B] G = Go’ + 2.303 RT log [C] [D]/[A][B] At equilibrium G = 0 Go’ = - 2.303 RT log [C] [D]/[A][B] The direction of a reaction can be predicted by a thermodynamic quantity called Gibbs free energy change, G. - If Go’ < 0, the process may go forward. - If Go’ > 0, th ...
... G = Go’ + RT ln [C] [D]/[A][B] G = Go’ + 2.303 RT log [C] [D]/[A][B] At equilibrium G = 0 Go’ = - 2.303 RT log [C] [D]/[A][B] The direction of a reaction can be predicted by a thermodynamic quantity called Gibbs free energy change, G. - If Go’ < 0, the process may go forward. - If Go’ > 0, th ...
Document
... 4. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of most parasites? a. They are specialists and usually are able to affect only one variety of hosts. b. They inflict serious injury and kill their hosts. c. Some reside inside their hosts, whereas others live outside their hosts. d. Their host may be a ...
... 4. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of most parasites? a. They are specialists and usually are able to affect only one variety of hosts. b. They inflict serious injury and kill their hosts. c. Some reside inside their hosts, whereas others live outside their hosts. d. Their host may be a ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air ...
... of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air ...
Chapter 9: The Need for Energy
... of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air ...
... of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air ...
2017 RC 5 Student Notes PPT
... • Pyramid of Biomass: each level represents amount of biomass the level above needs to consume. • Pyramid of Numbers: each level represents number of organisms consumed by level above it. • First level contains most species. • Energy can only move in one direction and is not recycled within the pyra ...
... • Pyramid of Biomass: each level represents amount of biomass the level above needs to consume. • Pyramid of Numbers: each level represents number of organisms consumed by level above it. • First level contains most species. • Energy can only move in one direction and is not recycled within the pyra ...
Photosynthesis/Cell Resp Notes
... of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air ...
... of steps that build up compounds using carbon dioxide from the air ...
Chapter 6, Section 3
... 1. Carbon forms bonds easily because it has 4 valence electrons. 2. Carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms, forming chains that are almost unlimited in length. 3. All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P). ...
... 1. Carbon forms bonds easily because it has 4 valence electrons. 2. Carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms, forming chains that are almost unlimited in length. 3. All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P). ...
Bio07_TR_U03_CH09.QXD
... 14. What is the electron transport chain? ____________________________________________ 15. What does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle for? _________________________________________________________________ 16. How does the location of the electron transp ...
... 14. What is the electron transport chain? ____________________________________________ 15. What does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle for? _________________________________________________________________ 16. How does the location of the electron transp ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Aerobic: Involves glycolysis, krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Can make up to 38 ATP’s per glucose • Occurs in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and the mitochondria (krebs and e- chain). • Uses glucose and oxygen • Makes ATP that is used to power all cellular processes. • Carbon dioxide an ...
... • Aerobic: Involves glycolysis, krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Can make up to 38 ATP’s per glucose • Occurs in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and the mitochondria (krebs and e- chain). • Uses glucose and oxygen • Makes ATP that is used to power all cellular processes. • Carbon dioxide an ...
Environmental Science
... • http://www.brainpop.com /science/populationsand ecosystems/ecosystems/ ...
... • http://www.brainpop.com /science/populationsand ecosystems/ecosystems/ ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)