PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... Notice that the low energy electron starts at p680, is hit by the photon and becomes high energy. It then is carried by enzyme 3 to the cytochromes where its energy is converted into ATP and the electron becomes low energy. It is passed to enzyme 4 and then to p700 where it is hit by another photon ...
... Notice that the low energy electron starts at p680, is hit by the photon and becomes high energy. It then is carried by enzyme 3 to the cytochromes where its energy is converted into ATP and the electron becomes low energy. It is passed to enzyme 4 and then to p700 where it is hit by another photon ...
Complete breakdown of Glucose:
... B) Alcoholic Fermentation: Pyruvate converted to ethanol and CO2 ...
... B) Alcoholic Fermentation: Pyruvate converted to ethanol and CO2 ...
Glycolysis
... are lost as CO2 (decarboxylation) •Several NADH + H+ are generated via oxidation of intermediates •One high energy phosphate compound (GTP)is produced ...
... are lost as CO2 (decarboxylation) •Several NADH + H+ are generated via oxidation of intermediates •One high energy phosphate compound (GTP)is produced ...
Photosynthesis and Biosynthesis
... responds to light by moving hydrogen protons across cellular membranes. Light has both wave-form and particle-form properties, so although light occurs as different wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with c ...
... responds to light by moving hydrogen protons across cellular membranes. Light has both wave-form and particle-form properties, so although light occurs as different wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with c ...
arsenic removal by controlled biological iron oxidation reactions
... sulfate from aqueous streams. These technologies find their origin in the exploration of microorganisms involved in the global sulfur cycle. Currently, several sulfur cycle biotechnologies are applied successfully at full-scale. The sulfur cycle is closely linked with the iron cycle, and also the la ...
... sulfate from aqueous streams. These technologies find their origin in the exploration of microorganisms involved in the global sulfur cycle. Currently, several sulfur cycle biotechnologies are applied successfully at full-scale. The sulfur cycle is closely linked with the iron cycle, and also the la ...
Photosynthesis
... most common type of autotrophic nutrition In this process, organisms use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make its own food ...
... most common type of autotrophic nutrition In this process, organisms use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make its own food ...
Answers to exam 1 review #2
... 29. Mitochondria doesn't have which of the following: a. inner matrix b. adenosine triphosphate c. acetyl coA d. inner membrane e. guanine 30. Mitochondria doesn't do which of the following. a. cellular respiration b. formation of energy intermediates c. breakdown of glucose d. glycolysis e. citric ...
... 29. Mitochondria doesn't have which of the following: a. inner matrix b. adenosine triphosphate c. acetyl coA d. inner membrane e. guanine 30. Mitochondria doesn't do which of the following. a. cellular respiration b. formation of energy intermediates c. breakdown of glucose d. glycolysis e. citric ...
Nitrogen availability
... Nitrogen availability • Nitrogen is required in large amounts as an essential component of proteins, nucleic acids and other cellular constituents. • Abundant supply of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere -nearly 79% in the form of N2 gas • N2 is unavailable for use by most organisms -triple bond ma ...
... Nitrogen availability • Nitrogen is required in large amounts as an essential component of proteins, nucleic acids and other cellular constituents. • Abundant supply of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere -nearly 79% in the form of N2 gas • N2 is unavailable for use by most organisms -triple bond ma ...
I. Metabolism
... the outside of the membrane), so H+ tends to flow back (proton motive force), which together with ATP synthase on the membrane, drives the synthesis of ATP. ...
... the outside of the membrane), so H+ tends to flow back (proton motive force), which together with ATP synthase on the membrane, drives the synthesis of ATP. ...
Document
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
Final Review
... 61. Compare and contrast transcription and translation. Transcription: the process in which information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule Translation: the process in which information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein They are both involve in ...
... 61. Compare and contrast transcription and translation. Transcription: the process in which information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule Translation: the process in which information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein They are both involve in ...
Chem 2B
... 61. Compare and contrast transcription and translation. Transcription: the process in which information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule Translation: the process in which information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein They are both involve in ...
... 61. Compare and contrast transcription and translation. Transcription: the process in which information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule Translation: the process in which information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein They are both involve in ...
Evidence for Evolution Class Notes
... Macroevolution = Large scale changes that take place incrementally over a long period of time. Result in new species. Microevolution = Short time scale events (generation-to-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations. ...
... Macroevolution = Large scale changes that take place incrementally over a long period of time. Result in new species. Microevolution = Short time scale events (generation-to-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations. ...
Name the first of the three stages of cellular respiration
... Which of the three steps of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ...
... Which of the three steps of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ...
1010ExamFinal
... B. Is impossible to ascertain without genetic testing C. Is the organism’s place and role in its environment D. Is never influenced by the organism’s environment E. Is completely independent of the organism’s genotype 6. Natural selection where one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment se ...
... B. Is impossible to ascertain without genetic testing C. Is the organism’s place and role in its environment D. Is never influenced by the organism’s environment E. Is completely independent of the organism’s genotype 6. Natural selection where one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment se ...
Evolution Class Notes Outline
... Macroevolution = Large scale changes that take place incrementally over a long period of time. Result in new species. Microevolution = Short time scale events (generation-to-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations. ...
... Macroevolution = Large scale changes that take place incrementally over a long period of time. Result in new species. Microevolution = Short time scale events (generation-to-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations. ...
Chapter 6 ENZYME SUBSTRATE REACTANTS PRODUCTS
... The metabolism of glucose always begins with this series of reactions.glycolysis This is what occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is NOT present. fermentation This is what occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is present.cellular respiration These reactions occur in the cytoplasm.glycolysis and fermentati ...
... The metabolism of glucose always begins with this series of reactions.glycolysis This is what occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is NOT present. fermentation This is what occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is present.cellular respiration These reactions occur in the cytoplasm.glycolysis and fermentati ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION • The process by which living organisms obtain energy from the bonds of food. • There are two important ways the cells can harvest energy from food….cellular respiration and fermentation ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION • The process by which living organisms obtain energy from the bonds of food. • There are two important ways the cells can harvest energy from food….cellular respiration and fermentation ...
Name Date Period 1. What are the end products of aerobic cell
... Aerobic respiration involves conversion of glucose into pyruvate and conversion of pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water. Where do these processes occur in a eukaryotic cell? Where glucose is broken down into pyruvate ...
... Aerobic respiration involves conversion of glucose into pyruvate and conversion of pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water. Where do these processes occur in a eukaryotic cell? Where glucose is broken down into pyruvate ...
Ch. 6 Vocabulary
... covalent bonds Carbohydrates – Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom Lipids – molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes Protein – a compound made of small carbon compounds call ...
... covalent bonds Carbohydrates – Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom Lipids – molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes Protein – a compound made of small carbon compounds call ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)