unit 2 notes ecology
... -Humans have added the process of combustion to the cycle by the burning of fossil fuels (formed over millions of years from organic compound (carbon) left from decaying organisms) -Increased combustion may be contributing to global warming. 3.) Nitrogen Cycle -Atmosphere is 78% NITROGEN - all organ ...
... -Humans have added the process of combustion to the cycle by the burning of fossil fuels (formed over millions of years from organic compound (carbon) left from decaying organisms) -Increased combustion may be contributing to global warming. 3.) Nitrogen Cycle -Atmosphere is 78% NITROGEN - all organ ...
growth curve
... use light as an energy source but cannot convert carbon dioxide into energy. Instead they use organic compounds as a carbon source. They include the green nonsulfur bacteria and the purple nonsulfur bacteria. 3. Chemolithoautotrophs use inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, ammonia, ...
... use light as an energy source but cannot convert carbon dioxide into energy. Instead they use organic compounds as a carbon source. They include the green nonsulfur bacteria and the purple nonsulfur bacteria. 3. Chemolithoautotrophs use inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, ammonia, ...
Plants in the Ecosystem
... -Recycling of carbon through two main biological processes: Photosynthesis and Respiration -Humans have added the process of combustion to the cycle by the burning of fossil fuels (formed over millions of years from organic compound (carbon) left from decaying organisms) -Increased combustion may be ...
... -Recycling of carbon through two main biological processes: Photosynthesis and Respiration -Humans have added the process of combustion to the cycle by the burning of fossil fuels (formed over millions of years from organic compound (carbon) left from decaying organisms) -Increased combustion may be ...
communities
... organisms living together in the same place at the same time • Communities interact through competition, predation, and symbiotic relationships ...
... organisms living together in the same place at the same time • Communities interact through competition, predation, and symbiotic relationships ...
Oxygen
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
1. Metabolic Synthesis - Princeton University Press
... just a nucleoid, or DNA in the form of chromosomes] or eukaryotes (unicellular and multicellular organisms with nuclear membranes and DNA in the form of chromosomes) (fig. 1.2). The bacteria (eubacteria) and archaea (archaebacteria), both prokaryotes, represent important microbial groups and are inv ...
... just a nucleoid, or DNA in the form of chromosomes] or eukaryotes (unicellular and multicellular organisms with nuclear membranes and DNA in the form of chromosomes) (fig. 1.2). The bacteria (eubacteria) and archaea (archaebacteria), both prokaryotes, represent important microbial groups and are inv ...
Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Energy
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
NATURAL SELECTION
... traits live longer and reproduce more. This causes the population to change to be more like the most “fit” organisms – EVOLUTION by NATURAL ...
... traits live longer and reproduce more. This causes the population to change to be more like the most “fit” organisms – EVOLUTION by NATURAL ...
LECTURE TEST PACKET #3
... The reason is since eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, the 2 NADH molecules produced in glycolysis must travel into the mitochondria to be processed in the electron transport system. This doesn’t occur in the prokaryotic cells where all of the chemical reactions occur side by side. In eukaryotes, ...
... The reason is since eukaryotic cells have mitochondria, the 2 NADH molecules produced in glycolysis must travel into the mitochondria to be processed in the electron transport system. This doesn’t occur in the prokaryotic cells where all of the chemical reactions occur side by side. In eukaryotes, ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
... • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
What is the Environment?
... • Biological clocks help organisms survive. • Biological clocks help living things stay in step with rhythmic cycles of change in ...
... • Biological clocks help organisms survive. • Biological clocks help living things stay in step with rhythmic cycles of change in ...
cellular respiration study guide
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
Slide 1
... water or on They are carried from place to place in _____, the _____________ surfaces of objects. flagella Some can move by flicking whip-like _____________. Typical Animal Cell ...
... water or on They are carried from place to place in _____, the _____________ surfaces of objects. flagella Some can move by flicking whip-like _____________. Typical Animal Cell ...
The Nitrogen Cycle
... • After nitrogen from the atmosphere has been fixed, it enters the soil and water. There it is available for living organisms to use. • The nitrogen compounds that enter plants, move through food chains and return to the soil and water through dead organisms and waste materials. ...
... • After nitrogen from the atmosphere has been fixed, it enters the soil and water. There it is available for living organisms to use. • The nitrogen compounds that enter plants, move through food chains and return to the soil and water through dead organisms and waste materials. ...
MPB IPG - E
... a. a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles with the plasma membrane b. the anchor on which sugars assemble before transfer to proteins c. a chaperone used in protein folding d. a product of phospholipase C activation 12. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are ca ...
... a. a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles with the plasma membrane b. the anchor on which sugars assemble before transfer to proteins c. a chaperone used in protein folding d. a product of phospholipase C activation 12. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are ca ...
Energy and Glycolysis
... • Two parts: Energy investment and Energy payoff • Energy investment: two ATP are used • Energy payoff: four ATP are made • Overall 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate ...
... • Two parts: Energy investment and Energy payoff • Energy investment: two ATP are used • Energy payoff: four ATP are made • Overall 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate ...
Alcoholic fermentation
... …………………….. back to NAD+ so that the energy yielding phase of glycolysis can continue. In yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated to ETHANAL (…..C), releasing …………….. . The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase then ……………….. ETHANAL to ETHANOL (…..C), at the same time ………………… NADH back to ……………. . CH3CHO + NADH ...
... …………………….. back to NAD+ so that the energy yielding phase of glycolysis can continue. In yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated to ETHANAL (…..C), releasing …………….. . The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase then ……………….. ETHANAL to ETHANOL (…..C), at the same time ………………… NADH back to ……………. . CH3CHO + NADH ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)