051607
... – ATP as a good energy storage molecule • Other energy storage molecules • Creation of ATP – Slow (ie. respiration) – Fast (eg. creatine kinase) ...
... – ATP as a good energy storage molecule • Other energy storage molecules • Creation of ATP – Slow (ie. respiration) – Fast (eg. creatine kinase) ...
The Basics of Cellular Respiration
... given off, and NADH is formed • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins ...
... given off, and NADH is formed • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins ...
Cell Respiration State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons
... molecules of ATP are produced when two molecules of pyruvate are formed. Coupled with the loss of two ATP molecules in phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP in glycolysis is two. The triose phosphate is oxidised to form pyruvic acid. The phosphate is donated to ADP to form the ATP. Pyruvic acid is al ...
... molecules of ATP are produced when two molecules of pyruvate are formed. Coupled with the loss of two ATP molecules in phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP in glycolysis is two. The triose phosphate is oxidised to form pyruvic acid. The phosphate is donated to ADP to form the ATP. Pyruvic acid is al ...
UNIT 7 Metabolism and generation of ATP
... ATP is used to provide energy in a wide variety of metabolic reactions and is universal among cells. An array of enzymes preferentially binds ATP and uses its free energy of hydrolysis to drive endergonic reactions. Hydrolysis of either phosphoanhydride bond in ATP has a G of about -31 kJ/mol. Be a ...
... ATP is used to provide energy in a wide variety of metabolic reactions and is universal among cells. An array of enzymes preferentially binds ATP and uses its free energy of hydrolysis to drive endergonic reactions. Hydrolysis of either phosphoanhydride bond in ATP has a G of about -31 kJ/mol. Be a ...
Characteristic and Interactions of Living Organisms
... All populations living together within a community interact with one another and with their environment in order to survive and maintain a balanced ecosystem That the diversity of species within an ecosystem is affected by changes in the environment, which can be caused by other organisms or outside ...
... All populations living together within a community interact with one another and with their environment in order to survive and maintain a balanced ecosystem That the diversity of species within an ecosystem is affected by changes in the environment, which can be caused by other organisms or outside ...
Biochemistry of Sulfur
... SOR structure and mechanism: Hollow globular particles of 15.5 nm in diameter appeared in electron microscopic pictures of the purified Ac. ambivalens SOR (Fig. 2). X-ray crystallographic analysis to 1.7 Å resolution showed that the SOR is a spherical homo-icosatetramer (i.e. 24 subunits). It surrou ...
... SOR structure and mechanism: Hollow globular particles of 15.5 nm in diameter appeared in electron microscopic pictures of the purified Ac. ambivalens SOR (Fig. 2). X-ray crystallographic analysis to 1.7 Å resolution showed that the SOR is a spherical homo-icosatetramer (i.e. 24 subunits). It surrou ...
Ecosystems - funtastic physics
... If there are others of its kind, this is called a species. The number of this species is called the population. Populations interact to form habitats. Are there other organisms that live in this environment? If yes, what organisms? _______________________________________________. Add these organisms ...
... If there are others of its kind, this is called a species. The number of this species is called the population. Populations interact to form habitats. Are there other organisms that live in this environment? If yes, what organisms? _______________________________________________. Add these organisms ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... • Glycolysis is the only process that can function • The NAD that has been reduced (Hydrogen added) has to be re-oxidised (Hydrogen removed) so that it can keep accepting Hydrogens in glycolysis • There are two ways that NAD can be reoxidised • Fungi e.g. yeast use ethanol fermentation • Animals use ...
... • Glycolysis is the only process that can function • The NAD that has been reduced (Hydrogen added) has to be re-oxidised (Hydrogen removed) so that it can keep accepting Hydrogens in glycolysis • There are two ways that NAD can be reoxidised • Fungi e.g. yeast use ethanol fermentation • Animals use ...
BIO 10 Lecture 2
... membrane – When a molecule of NADH arrives, it dumps its electron to the first carrier, which accepts the electron in a lower energy state than it was when ...
... membrane – When a molecule of NADH arrives, it dumps its electron to the first carrier, which accepts the electron in a lower energy state than it was when ...
Notes
... 1g of glucose (sugar), when burned in the presence of ______________, releases 3811 calories of heat energy ___________- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius ...
... 1g of glucose (sugar), when burned in the presence of ______________, releases 3811 calories of heat energy ___________- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius ...
Ecology Unit Notes - Liberty Union High School District
... How does carbon get back into the environment? 1. Plants & animals release CO2 during respiration 2. Burning of wood & fossil fuels 3. Using electricity, (most power plants use fossil fuels) ...
... How does carbon get back into the environment? 1. Plants & animals release CO2 during respiration 2. Burning of wood & fossil fuels 3. Using electricity, (most power plants use fossil fuels) ...
Chapter 14 cycles
... molecules are formed largely as a result of anaerobic activities and in some instances as a result of anthropogenic activity. These include: Methane generation The methanogens are a group of obligately anaerobic Archaea that can reduce CO2 to methane (use CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor) both ch ...
... molecules are formed largely as a result of anaerobic activities and in some instances as a result of anthropogenic activity. These include: Methane generation The methanogens are a group of obligately anaerobic Archaea that can reduce CO2 to methane (use CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor) both ch ...
Introduction to metabolism. Specific and general pathways of
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
Science of running
... • How can you help the body during the supercompensation phase? • What factors will limit the amount of stress that can be presented to the body and how can you increase these limits? • ***Listen to your body…this cannot be overstated*** ...
... • How can you help the body during the supercompensation phase? • What factors will limit the amount of stress that can be presented to the body and how can you increase these limits? • ***Listen to your body…this cannot be overstated*** ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Unit 6, Part 2 Notes – Aerobic Cellular
... b. During the electron transport chain, high energy electrons are harvested from the electron carriers NADH and FADH2. The energy from these electrons is used to fuel the creation of ATP from ADP and Pi. The steps involved in this process are given below. 1. NADH and FADH2 release high-energy elect ...
... b. During the electron transport chain, high energy electrons are harvested from the electron carriers NADH and FADH2. The energy from these electrons is used to fuel the creation of ATP from ADP and Pi. The steps involved in this process are given below. 1. NADH and FADH2 release high-energy elect ...
PP Ch_ 2-3 Modified - Maria Regina High School
... Enzymes are substrate specific (One enzyme for a particular reaction will not work with substrates from another particular reaction) Because of the specific fit, the ES Complex is called a LOCK AND KEY COMPLEX ...
... Enzymes are substrate specific (One enzyme for a particular reaction will not work with substrates from another particular reaction) Because of the specific fit, the ES Complex is called a LOCK AND KEY COMPLEX ...
Photosynthesis
... Organisms, such as plants and algae, can trap the energy in sunlight through photosynthesis and store it in the chemical bonds of carbohydrate molecules. The principal carbohydrate formed through photosynthesis is glucose. Other types of organisms, such as animals, fungi, protozoa, and a large porti ...
... Organisms, such as plants and algae, can trap the energy in sunlight through photosynthesis and store it in the chemical bonds of carbohydrate molecules. The principal carbohydrate formed through photosynthesis is glucose. Other types of organisms, such as animals, fungi, protozoa, and a large porti ...
Lecture 20
... ATP is made in the mitochondria and used in the cytosol. Fatty acids are make in the cytosol and broken down in the mitochondria. Separation of pathways exerts a greater control over opposing pathways and the intermediates can be controlled by transport across the separating membranes. ...
... ATP is made in the mitochondria and used in the cytosol. Fatty acids are make in the cytosol and broken down in the mitochondria. Separation of pathways exerts a greater control over opposing pathways and the intermediates can be controlled by transport across the separating membranes. ...
Taxonomy and Evolution
... Similarities in DNA and RNA • The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the molecular level. • Similarities in DNA can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships. • The more similar the DNA of two species, the more recently they shared a common ancesto ...
... Similarities in DNA and RNA • The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the molecular level. • Similarities in DNA can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships. • The more similar the DNA of two species, the more recently they shared a common ancesto ...
Cellular Energetics
... • As NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton-motive force and H+ moves back across the membrane thru ATP synthase and ATP is produced ...
... • As NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton-motive force and H+ moves back across the membrane thru ATP synthase and ATP is produced ...
Methods for Determining the Biochemical Activities of Micro
... be artificial to rank these characters in a rigid order of importance for all groups. It can be argued that fundamentally they are all biochemical. The toxins whose modes of action have been elucidated have been shown to be enzymes and there is no reason to suppose that collagenase and hyaluronidase ...
... be artificial to rank these characters in a rigid order of importance for all groups. It can be argued that fundamentally they are all biochemical. The toxins whose modes of action have been elucidated have been shown to be enzymes and there is no reason to suppose that collagenase and hyaluronidase ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)