GMM - Jabatan Kimia Malaysia
... modified to deliver chemichals eg bacteriocin, oomycin that kills unwanted plant pathogen ...
... modified to deliver chemichals eg bacteriocin, oomycin that kills unwanted plant pathogen ...
Ecology - Effingham County Schools
... ____________________________ 4. A lichen is an example of mutualism. ____________________________ 5. Parasitism is a relationship between two different kinds of organisms in which one benefits and the other is unaffected. ____________________________ 6. Parasitism is a relationship between two diffe ...
... ____________________________ 4. A lichen is an example of mutualism. ____________________________ 5. Parasitism is a relationship between two different kinds of organisms in which one benefits and the other is unaffected. ____________________________ 6. Parasitism is a relationship between two diffe ...
Lecture 19 TCA Cycle 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl
... 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA which is a precursor for TCA cycle? Answer: The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. Fir ...
... 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA which is a precursor for TCA cycle? Answer: The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. Fir ...
10/28/11 Test Review
... d. Asexual Reproduction- 1 parent offspring is genetically the same 7. Change Through Time- basic genetic characteristics do not change, populations can change Chapter 1: Section 2- Themes in Biology 1. Diversity and Unity of Lifea. Unity in the Diversity of Life- wide variety of life, but they are ...
... d. Asexual Reproduction- 1 parent offspring is genetically the same 7. Change Through Time- basic genetic characteristics do not change, populations can change Chapter 1: Section 2- Themes in Biology 1. Diversity and Unity of Lifea. Unity in the Diversity of Life- wide variety of life, but they are ...
IB-Respiration-Notepacket
... 1. How many ATP molecules are produced thus far from substrate level phosphorylation (net)? 2. How many ATP molecules are produced all together from aerobic respiration (net)? ...
... 1. How many ATP molecules are produced thus far from substrate level phosphorylation (net)? 2. How many ATP molecules are produced all together from aerobic respiration (net)? ...
Biology: Ch. 2
... Monomers-small unit that can join with other small units to form polymers. Polymers-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. ...
... Monomers-small unit that can join with other small units to form polymers. Polymers-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. ...
m5zn_cd7db12d6bc120f
... nucleic acids. Some protein also require Sulfur (S). • Plants must extract these elements from their environment. Low levels of N and P often limit growth in ecosystems where they are scarce. Abundance of N and P can cause eutrophication that can destabilize an ecosystem. • If you fertilize your pla ...
... nucleic acids. Some protein also require Sulfur (S). • Plants must extract these elements from their environment. Low levels of N and P often limit growth in ecosystems where they are scarce. Abundance of N and P can cause eutrophication that can destabilize an ecosystem. • If you fertilize your pla ...
localization of the succinic dehydrogenase system
... In cases where the deposition of T N F was not heavy, it was possible to localize specifically a site of SDH activity on the plasma m e m b r a n e (x, Fig. 4). In addition, in cells having undergone partial plasmolysis with retraction of the cell membrane from the cell wall, the T N F deposit (t, F ...
... In cases where the deposition of T N F was not heavy, it was possible to localize specifically a site of SDH activity on the plasma m e m b r a n e (x, Fig. 4). In addition, in cells having undergone partial plasmolysis with retraction of the cell membrane from the cell wall, the T N F deposit (t, F ...
Guided Reading Activities
... 6. List two sources of evidence that indicate glycolysis is extremely old. Big idea: Fermentation: Connections between metabolic pathways Answer the following questions as you read modules 6.15–6.16: 1. What must proteins be broken down into before they can be burned as energy? Refer to Figure ...
... 6. List two sources of evidence that indicate glycolysis is extremely old. Big idea: Fermentation: Connections between metabolic pathways Answer the following questions as you read modules 6.15–6.16: 1. What must proteins be broken down into before they can be burned as energy? Refer to Figure ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry th ...
... six CO2 molecules, two from the prep reaction and four from the citric acid cycle. C. The Electron Transport Chain 1. The electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the cristae of mitochondria and consists of carriers that pass electrons successively from one to another. 2. NADH and FADH2 carry th ...
Structures and functions of bacteria
... Aerobic and anaerobic growth: The organisms may inhabit at different ecosystems depending on their requirement of oxygen and other growth factors to obtain energy. However, they are classified into one of three categories : Obligate aerobes: They require oxygen to grow because their ATP- generati ...
... Aerobic and anaerobic growth: The organisms may inhabit at different ecosystems depending on their requirement of oxygen and other growth factors to obtain energy. However, they are classified into one of three categories : Obligate aerobes: They require oxygen to grow because their ATP- generati ...
Chap 9 PowerPoint file (*)
... • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. • The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruva ...
... • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. • The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruva ...
Nerve activates contraction
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). • Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. • If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glycolysis shuts down. • Under aerobic c ...
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Glycolysis generates 2 ATP whether oxygen is present (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). • Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. • If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glycolysis shuts down. • Under aerobic c ...
DG o
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
Photosynthesis - Crestwood Local Schools
... Energy from these photons zaps the e- and gives it more energy *this energy is used in 2 different processes in the light reactions: a.) Making ATP: ~ excited e- get replaced by splitting H2O molecules - H donates its e- and is left with H+ - O isn't used anymore so it leaves as O2 gas ~ excited e- ...
... Energy from these photons zaps the e- and gives it more energy *this energy is used in 2 different processes in the light reactions: a.) Making ATP: ~ excited e- get replaced by splitting H2O molecules - H donates its e- and is left with H+ - O isn't used anymore so it leaves as O2 gas ~ excited e- ...
Chapter1_PowerPoint - Northern Highlands
... • Approximately 1.8 million species have been identified and named to date, and thousands more are identified each year • Estimates of the total number of species that actually exist range from 10 million to over 100 million • Taxonomy is the branch of biology that names and classifies species into ...
... • Approximately 1.8 million species have been identified and named to date, and thousands more are identified each year • Estimates of the total number of species that actually exist range from 10 million to over 100 million • Taxonomy is the branch of biology that names and classifies species into ...
Midterm Exam Note: Before beginning, please scan the entire exam
... Read the following information and refer to Figure 8.4 to answer the following questions. Five dialysis bags, impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute int ...
... Read the following information and refer to Figure 8.4 to answer the following questions. Five dialysis bags, impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute int ...
1 - TJ-Thomas
... In a food web or food chain, what doe the direction of the arrows show? Is all of the energy transferred from one trophic level to another trophic level? Why or why not? Be able to explain the water cycle. Be able to explain the carbon cycle. Be able to explain the nitrogen cycle. What is photosynth ...
... In a food web or food chain, what doe the direction of the arrows show? Is all of the energy transferred from one trophic level to another trophic level? Why or why not? Be able to explain the water cycle. Be able to explain the carbon cycle. Be able to explain the nitrogen cycle. What is photosynth ...
Abstract(English)
... (municipal wastewater) which contains long chain fatty acids (LCFA) that are toxic to methanogens. All these conditions result in 60% removal for COD which is lower than other studies done at the same conditions and achieved 88% COD removal for domestic wastewater. The chemical analysis of the UASB ...
... (municipal wastewater) which contains long chain fatty acids (LCFA) that are toxic to methanogens. All these conditions result in 60% removal for COD which is lower than other studies done at the same conditions and achieved 88% COD removal for domestic wastewater. The chemical analysis of the UASB ...
rll 24.5 The citric ocid cycle
... This is what happens in the citric acid cycle: 1. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetatecombine to form citrate. 2. Citric acid eventually loses two carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. The carbons in the two molecules of carbon dioxide are not the same carbons that entered the citric acid cycle as acetyl groups of ...
... This is what happens in the citric acid cycle: 1. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetatecombine to form citrate. 2. Citric acid eventually loses two carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. The carbons in the two molecules of carbon dioxide are not the same carbons that entered the citric acid cycle as acetyl groups of ...
Biology Midterm Review Guide: 2007-08
... c. Define osmosis- passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane 4. Lab safety- be familiar with class rules for: fire use, acid use, glass breakage 5. What is the structure (look like) and function of following parts of cell a. Nucleus: center of cell, circular; the part that h ...
... c. Define osmosis- passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane 4. Lab safety- be familiar with class rules for: fire use, acid use, glass breakage 5. What is the structure (look like) and function of following parts of cell a. Nucleus: center of cell, circular; the part that h ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)