14 - Ch 22 Respiration Exercise Multiple-choice questions (p. 22-35)
... Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. (1) As the production of pyruvate is greatly reduced after treating with drug X. (1) Glycolysis was inhibited in this case. (1) (b) drug Y inhibited Krebs cycle (1) when the respiratory pathway is halted at Krebs cycle, pyruvate will not be metabolised (1) but ...
... Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. (1) As the production of pyruvate is greatly reduced after treating with drug X. (1) Glycolysis was inhibited in this case. (1) (b) drug Y inhibited Krebs cycle (1) when the respiratory pathway is halted at Krebs cycle, pyruvate will not be metabolised (1) but ...
Nucleic acids
... Nucleic acids carry and transmit genetic information. The two most common forms of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids are made up of smaller monomers of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen called nucleotides. The chemical groups that make up nucleotides are phosphates, nitro ...
... Nucleic acids carry and transmit genetic information. The two most common forms of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids are made up of smaller monomers of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen called nucleotides. The chemical groups that make up nucleotides are phosphates, nitro ...
My example Commensalism a relationship in which
... • Newly arriving species alter the physical conditions, often in ways that enable other species to become established. • Animals come in with or after the plants they need to survive. • Eventually a climax community that is more or less stable will become established and have the ability to reproduc ...
... • Newly arriving species alter the physical conditions, often in ways that enable other species to become established. • Animals come in with or after the plants they need to survive. • Eventually a climax community that is more or less stable will become established and have the ability to reproduc ...
ATP
... The electron transport chain • In the electron transport chain, the carrier molecules NADH and FADH2 give up electrons that pass through a series of reactions. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor forming water. • This sets up a H+ (proton) gradient. • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... The electron transport chain • In the electron transport chain, the carrier molecules NADH and FADH2 give up electrons that pass through a series of reactions. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor forming water. • This sets up a H+ (proton) gradient. • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
File
... Carbon and Oxygen Cycle- process in which producers use carbon from carbon dioxide to produce other carboncontaining molecules. This cycle is the basically the same thing we learned in Chapter 2: how animal cells go through the C6H12O6 process of O2 respiration and the products from respiration are ...
... Carbon and Oxygen Cycle- process in which producers use carbon from carbon dioxide to produce other carboncontaining molecules. This cycle is the basically the same thing we learned in Chapter 2: how animal cells go through the C6H12O6 process of O2 respiration and the products from respiration are ...
Glycolysis Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
... No oxygen required Used for energy production • Production of intermediates for other pathways • Found in tissues with limited blood supply ...
... No oxygen required Used for energy production • Production of intermediates for other pathways • Found in tissues with limited blood supply ...
How life evolved: 10 steps to the first cells
... more placid affairs known as alkaline hydrothermal vents. This theory can explain life’s strangest feature, and there is growing evidence to support it. Earlier this year, for instance, lab experiments confirmed that conditions in some of the numerous pores within the vents can lead to high concentr ...
... more placid affairs known as alkaline hydrothermal vents. This theory can explain life’s strangest feature, and there is growing evidence to support it. Earlier this year, for instance, lab experiments confirmed that conditions in some of the numerous pores within the vents can lead to high concentr ...
Ecology - Fall River Public Schools
... swims, the movement of water past the barnacles carries food to the barnacles. ...
... swims, the movement of water past the barnacles carries food to the barnacles. ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... Aerobic respiration - the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy The reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O and 36 ATP Note: this reaction is the opposite of photosynthesis This reaction takes place over the course of three major reaction pathways 1. Glycolysis (2 stag ...
... Aerobic respiration - the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy The reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O and 36 ATP Note: this reaction is the opposite of photosynthesis This reaction takes place over the course of three major reaction pathways 1. Glycolysis (2 stag ...
8_3bio
... • E) H+ ions travel through a protein called ATP synthase that spans the thylakoid membrane. • As H+ ions pass through ATP synthase, the protein rotates like a turbine being spun by water in a hydroelectric plant. This is how ADP is converted to ATP. ...
... • E) H+ ions travel through a protein called ATP synthase that spans the thylakoid membrane. • As H+ ions pass through ATP synthase, the protein rotates like a turbine being spun by water in a hydroelectric plant. This is how ADP is converted to ATP. ...
Introduction to Ecology1
... • Some elements (carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen) are found in gaseous forms and their cycles involve the atmosphere. As a result they have a global nature. • some of the elements may have a short term cycle such as when carbon is transferred from animals to plants in the form of carbon dioxide and ...
... • Some elements (carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen) are found in gaseous forms and their cycles involve the atmosphere. As a result they have a global nature. • some of the elements may have a short term cycle such as when carbon is transferred from animals to plants in the form of carbon dioxide and ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 9 “Krebs Cycle”
... pyruvate + NAD+ + coenzyme A ----> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (1) pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion (2) pyruvate is oxidized to a 2 C compound (acetate) with loss of CO2 (3) the acetate is linked to coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA (4) NAD+ is reduced in the reaction to form NADH + H+ F ...
... pyruvate + NAD+ + coenzyme A ----> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (1) pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion (2) pyruvate is oxidized to a 2 C compound (acetate) with loss of CO2 (3) the acetate is linked to coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA (4) NAD+ is reduced in the reaction to form NADH + H+ F ...
Exam 2 Review - Iowa State University
... c) the inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active site. Which is an example of how metabolic pathways are regulated? a) gene regulation. b) biochemical regulation. c) cellular regulation. d) feedback inhibition. e) all the above. According to the second law of thermodynamics, wh ...
... c) the inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active site. Which is an example of how metabolic pathways are regulated? a) gene regulation. b) biochemical regulation. c) cellular regulation. d) feedback inhibition. e) all the above. According to the second law of thermodynamics, wh ...
oxygen + - may-gado
... When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid soaks the muscle cells and prevents the muscle cell from doing its job. This causes fatigue and/or cramp. After the activity has been completed people pant and breathe heavily. This happens because oxygen is required to get rid of the build up ...
... When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid soaks the muscle cells and prevents the muscle cell from doing its job. This causes fatigue and/or cramp. After the activity has been completed people pant and breathe heavily. This happens because oxygen is required to get rid of the build up ...
Spotlight on Metabolism Ans
... parts—the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which is filled with a fluid called cytosol. The mitochondria are power generators that contain many important energy-producing pathways. Enzymes and their cofactors speed up chemical reactions in metabolic pathways. ...
... parts—the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which is filled with a fluid called cytosol. The mitochondria are power generators that contain many important energy-producing pathways. Enzymes and their cofactors speed up chemical reactions in metabolic pathways. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic ...
... Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be anaerobic ...
and the biosphere
... 1. Life is sustained by the flow of energy from the sun through the biosphere, the cycling of nutrients within the biosphere, and gravity. 2. Some organisms produce the nutrients they need, others survive by consuming other organisms, and some recycle nutrients back to producer organisms. 3. Human a ...
... 1. Life is sustained by the flow of energy from the sun through the biosphere, the cycling of nutrients within the biosphere, and gravity. 2. Some organisms produce the nutrients they need, others survive by consuming other organisms, and some recycle nutrients back to producer organisms. 3. Human a ...
Completed notes
... 1. Electrons removed – High energy electrons from NADH & FADH2. 2. Hydrogen ions transported – High energy electrons travel through the proteins in the ETC. 3. ATP Produced – ATP synthase adds phosphate groups to ADP to make ATP. For each pair of electrons that passes through the ETC, 3 ATPs are mad ...
... 1. Electrons removed – High energy electrons from NADH & FADH2. 2. Hydrogen ions transported – High energy electrons travel through the proteins in the ETC. 3. ATP Produced – ATP synthase adds phosphate groups to ADP to make ATP. For each pair of electrons that passes through the ETC, 3 ATPs are mad ...
Bioenergetics - people.emich.edu
... • Cell membrane – semi-permeable – encloses internal components of cell – regulates flux of metabolites and nutrients • Nucleus – contains genetic material (DNA) – regulates protein production • Cytoplasm – fluid portion of the cell which contains organelles, enzymes etc. ...
... • Cell membrane – semi-permeable – encloses internal components of cell – regulates flux of metabolites and nutrients • Nucleus – contains genetic material (DNA) – regulates protein production • Cytoplasm – fluid portion of the cell which contains organelles, enzymes etc. ...
energy & cellular respiration
... • Structure of ATP synthase causes conformational changes that activate sites where ADP & P join to form ATP. • Much is hypothesized here. See fig. 9.14 ...
... • Structure of ATP synthase causes conformational changes that activate sites where ADP & P join to form ATP. • Much is hypothesized here. See fig. 9.14 ...
Biomolecule Discussion Guide KEY
... Biomolecule Discussion Guide KEY Instructions: Fill in this guide as your teacher leads you through a discussion on biomolecules. I. What is a Biomolecule? A biomolecule is an organic molecule produced by living organisms and made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. II. Organic molecules and Ino ...
... Biomolecule Discussion Guide KEY Instructions: Fill in this guide as your teacher leads you through a discussion on biomolecules. I. What is a Biomolecule? A biomolecule is an organic molecule produced by living organisms and made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. II. Organic molecules and Ino ...
Sample exam 1
... 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bilayer freely by simple diffusion. b. Benzene requires a transporter to cross the lipid bilayer. c. Ions such as Cl– require a channel to cross the lipid bilayer. d. Water does not require a channel to cross the membrane, ...
... 7. Which of the following statements is true? a. Glucose can cross the lipid bilayer freely by simple diffusion. b. Benzene requires a transporter to cross the lipid bilayer. c. Ions such as Cl– require a channel to cross the lipid bilayer. d. Water does not require a channel to cross the membrane, ...
L6 Cellular Respiration
... 1) In the mitochondria, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC 2) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor 3) ETC uses the energy from electrons to transport H+ against the concentration ...
... 1) In the mitochondria, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC 2) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor 3) ETC uses the energy from electrons to transport H+ against the concentration ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)