Exam 2
... used to pump protons into the lumen of the thylakoid, creating a gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons finally join NADP+ and, along with protons, form NADPH. The chloroplast ATP synthase uses the potential energy in the proton gradient to make ATP. Both NADPH and ATP are ...
... used to pump protons into the lumen of the thylakoid, creating a gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons finally join NADP+ and, along with protons, form NADPH. The chloroplast ATP synthase uses the potential energy in the proton gradient to make ATP. Both NADPH and ATP are ...
• In the cell, nutrients and oxygen, have different electron affinities.
... molecule, energizing that molecule by altering its electron configuration. Phosphorylation Via ATP synthase enzymes ...
... molecule, energizing that molecule by altering its electron configuration. Phosphorylation Via ATP synthase enzymes ...
course outline - Department of LD
... Student must make at least 80% attendance in lecture and laboratory session There must be no eating or drinking in classrooms or laboratory Student must participate actively when placed to work in groups. All assignment must be submitted within the stipulated time. ...
... Student must make at least 80% attendance in lecture and laboratory session There must be no eating or drinking in classrooms or laboratory Student must participate actively when placed to work in groups. All assignment must be submitted within the stipulated time. ...
Extracting Energy from Food
... Pumps move against the concentration gradient – if not enough energy they move backwards (energy from ATP must be greater than sum of chemical and electrical potential energy) ...
... Pumps move against the concentration gradient – if not enough energy they move backwards (energy from ATP must be greater than sum of chemical and electrical potential energy) ...
Word doc
... Preparation of bacterial smears for microscopy (Ex. 3-5) How do you prepare a bacterial smear from liquid (broths) and solid (agar) media? What is the purpose of each step? What does the heat do to the specimen? Know the differences between a simple stain and a differential stain. Simple staining (E ...
... Preparation of bacterial smears for microscopy (Ex. 3-5) How do you prepare a bacterial smear from liquid (broths) and solid (agar) media? What is the purpose of each step? What does the heat do to the specimen? Know the differences between a simple stain and a differential stain. Simple staining (E ...
Academic paper : Light energy to bioelectricity: Photosynthetic
... sunlight into bioelectricity evolved with BESs. Many of these new developments are based on the temporal or spatial separation of photosynthetic energy conservation and dark (heterotrophic) electricity generation without the use of artificial mediators (‘Hydrogen-generating photosynthetic bacteria w ...
... sunlight into bioelectricity evolved with BESs. Many of these new developments are based on the temporal or spatial separation of photosynthetic energy conservation and dark (heterotrophic) electricity generation without the use of artificial mediators (‘Hydrogen-generating photosynthetic bacteria w ...
NADH-coupled ATPase assay Make the following stock solutions
... 1. Mix contents of Tubes A and B to start the reaction. 2. Load 100 L into 96‐well plate. 3. Monitor absorbance at 340 nm at the desired temperature. ...
... 1. Mix contents of Tubes A and B to start the reaction. 2. Load 100 L into 96‐well plate. 3. Monitor absorbance at 340 nm at the desired temperature. ...
Energy - Phillips Scientific Methods
... e. Each PGAL rearranged into pyruvate (3C), with energy transferred to make 4 ATP (substrate phosphorylation). f. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. g. If oxygen is ava ...
... e. Each PGAL rearranged into pyruvate (3C), with energy transferred to make 4 ATP (substrate phosphorylation). f. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. g. If oxygen is ava ...
222-1
... Enzymatic introduction of a hydroxyl group into cyclohexane ring generally occurs at C-3 or C-4 In human the trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl product has been reported as a major metabolite of ...
... Enzymatic introduction of a hydroxyl group into cyclohexane ring generally occurs at C-3 or C-4 In human the trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl product has been reported as a major metabolite of ...
Photosynthesis - Jan. 28.
... • Fixation of CO2 has a higher energetic cost in C4 plants than in C3 plants – it takes 5 ATP to fix one molecule of CO2 in C4 but only 3 ATP in C3 • For all C3 plants photosynthesis is always accompanied by photorespiration which consumes and releases CO2 in the presence of light - it wastes carbon ...
... • Fixation of CO2 has a higher energetic cost in C4 plants than in C3 plants – it takes 5 ATP to fix one molecule of CO2 in C4 but only 3 ATP in C3 • For all C3 plants photosynthesis is always accompanied by photorespiration which consumes and releases CO2 in the presence of light - it wastes carbon ...
Metabolism: the Degradation and Synthesis of Living Cells
... many enzymes) occurring in a living organism (through which cells extract energy and reducing power from its environment, as well as synthesize the building blocks of its macromolecules and then the macromolecules themselves). ...
... many enzymes) occurring in a living organism (through which cells extract energy and reducing power from its environment, as well as synthesize the building blocks of its macromolecules and then the macromolecules themselves). ...
Unit 1 - Glossary
... The numbers of a particular species [in a particular ecosystem] The act of killing and eating another animal ( or organism) for food. An animal (or organism ) which kills and eats an animal (or organism or prey) The animal hunted and killed by its predator An organism which feeds on the primary prod ...
... The numbers of a particular species [in a particular ecosystem] The act of killing and eating another animal ( or organism) for food. An animal (or organism ) which kills and eats an animal (or organism or prey) The animal hunted and killed by its predator An organism which feeds on the primary prod ...
Cellular Respiration (Making ATP from food)
... In the inner membranes of the mitochondria in your cells, hundreds of little cellular machines are busy working to transfer energy. ...
... In the inner membranes of the mitochondria in your cells, hundreds of little cellular machines are busy working to transfer energy. ...
1) Which of the following statements describes the results of this
... C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. C) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. D) C6H12O6is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. Answer: A ...
... C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. B) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. C) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. D) C6H12O6is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. Answer: A ...
Summary of lesson
... Q13. Which of the following is a major source of energy for cellular respiration? A. DNA B. water C. the cell membrane D. glucose ...
... Q13. Which of the following is a major source of energy for cellular respiration? A. DNA B. water C. the cell membrane D. glucose ...
Nitrogen`s oxidation states
... to fluorine's. All of the non-metals have electronegativities that are greater than 2.0 so the difference in electronegativities between a non-metal and oxygen is always less than 1.5. Electronegativity differences less than 1.7 are indicative of bonds that have predominantly covalent character. In ...
... to fluorine's. All of the non-metals have electronegativities that are greater than 2.0 so the difference in electronegativities between a non-metal and oxygen is always less than 1.5. Electronegativity differences less than 1.7 are indicative of bonds that have predominantly covalent character. In ...
Introduction: More and more researchers are discovering that many
... 1) Explain how enzymes act as protein catalysts in biochemical processes (e.g., fructose metabolism, glycolysis). Note: Describe at least two important features of all enzymes, and then explaining the role of enzymes in the first two steps of fructose metabolism in the liver. 2) Explain how a defici ...
... 1) Explain how enzymes act as protein catalysts in biochemical processes (e.g., fructose metabolism, glycolysis). Note: Describe at least two important features of all enzymes, and then explaining the role of enzymes in the first two steps of fructose metabolism in the liver. 2) Explain how a defici ...
PowerPoint Show - Science Prof Online
... Anaerobic Cellular Respiration • Many anaerobic bacteria, and muscle cells that run out of O2, can make ATP by using something other than oxygen as an electron acceptor (nitrate, sulfate & carbon dioxide). ...
... Anaerobic Cellular Respiration • Many anaerobic bacteria, and muscle cells that run out of O2, can make ATP by using something other than oxygen as an electron acceptor (nitrate, sulfate & carbon dioxide). ...
Picture Guide to Chapter 4
... The following periodic chart summarizes the elements of the periodic table, in terms of human composition, and human toxicity. The lesser elements are often referred to as minerals, when referring to human nutrition and health. Several minerals are required by the human body for proper nutrition. Fo ...
... The following periodic chart summarizes the elements of the periodic table, in terms of human composition, and human toxicity. The lesser elements are often referred to as minerals, when referring to human nutrition and health. Several minerals are required by the human body for proper nutrition. Fo ...
ecosystems - Walton High School
... Nitrification: Nitrifying bacteria in the soil change ammonia or ammonium first into nitrite then into nitrate Denitrification: process by which anaerobic bacteria change nitrates back into nitrogen gas ...
... Nitrification: Nitrifying bacteria in the soil change ammonia or ammonium first into nitrite then into nitrate Denitrification: process by which anaerobic bacteria change nitrates back into nitrogen gas ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)