mid-term-exam-versio..
... 101. _____ The light-independent reactions (also known as the dark reactions or the Calvin cycle) use NADPH from the light reactions to provide energy and hydrogen ions needed to produce sugar from carbon dioxide. 102. _____ The light-dependent reactions occur only during the day; the light-independ ...
... 101. _____ The light-independent reactions (also known as the dark reactions or the Calvin cycle) use NADPH from the light reactions to provide energy and hydrogen ions needed to produce sugar from carbon dioxide. 102. _____ The light-dependent reactions occur only during the day; the light-independ ...
Document
... • How did we get from glucose to lactic acid? • In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP from aerobic respiration ...
... • How did we get from glucose to lactic acid? • In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP from aerobic respiration ...
Exam #3 Review Exam #3 will cover from glycolysis to complex
... For eukaryotic, aerobic cells, approximately 3 ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation for every NADH. For every FADH2, approximately 2 ATP are produced. Be certain to note that this is simply an approximation to allow for comparison. Also be aware that in prokaryotes PMF can also be used to p ...
... For eukaryotic, aerobic cells, approximately 3 ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation for every NADH. For every FADH2, approximately 2 ATP are produced. Be certain to note that this is simply an approximation to allow for comparison. Also be aware that in prokaryotes PMF can also be used to p ...
Respiration
... with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also termed as link reaction. Pyruvate in this reaction is changed to acetyle COA with the removal of CO2 and a pair of hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms released combine with N ...
... with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also termed as link reaction. Pyruvate in this reaction is changed to acetyle COA with the removal of CO2 and a pair of hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms released combine with N ...
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle
... • Questions about Pset 3? • Review of metabolism thus far ...
... • Questions about Pset 3? • Review of metabolism thus far ...
Quantum Well Electron Gain Structures and Infrared Detector Arrays
... • Carbon is also virtually unique for its ability to form long “chains” of molecules • For instance, carbon “nanotubes” and “buckyballs” – only recently discovered in nature • Fantastic material strength and electrical properties ...
... • Carbon is also virtually unique for its ability to form long “chains” of molecules • For instance, carbon “nanotubes” and “buckyballs” – only recently discovered in nature • Fantastic material strength and electrical properties ...
Cellular Respiration
... is set up. • The only exit for these protons is through the ATP synthase complex. • This special complex in the membrane permits H+ to pass through the membrane, down a concentration gradient. • The energy released as these protons flow down their gradient is harnessed to the synthesis of ATP. • As ...
... is set up. • The only exit for these protons is through the ATP synthase complex. • This special complex in the membrane permits H+ to pass through the membrane, down a concentration gradient. • The energy released as these protons flow down their gradient is harnessed to the synthesis of ATP. • As ...
The citric acid cycle • Also known as the Kreb`s cycle
... • Can you determine what the exact amount of energy is under these conditions?? ...
... • Can you determine what the exact amount of energy is under these conditions?? ...
A.P. Biology Summer Work: Worksheet
... _____ 1. An atom is smaller than an element. _____ 2. Organic compounds are found in living organisms. _____ 3. Proteins are made out of amino acids. _____ 4. Proteins speed up chemical reactions. _____ 5. The DNA code carries instructions for the correct sequence of nucleic acids in a protein _____ ...
... _____ 1. An atom is smaller than an element. _____ 2. Organic compounds are found in living organisms. _____ 3. Proteins are made out of amino acids. _____ 4. Proteins speed up chemical reactions. _____ 5. The DNA code carries instructions for the correct sequence of nucleic acids in a protein _____ ...
Chapter 9 Lecture Notes
... This exergonic flow of H+ is used by the enzyme to generate ATP. This coupling of the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis is ...
... This exergonic flow of H+ is used by the enzyme to generate ATP. This coupling of the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis is ...
Pg. ___ 4/28 Daily Catalyst
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
Electron Transport Oxidative Phosphorylation Control
... transport H+ from the matrix (region of low [H+] or high pH and negative electrical potential) across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space (region of high [H+] or low pH and positive electrical potential) ∆G of the resulting electrochemical gradient = proton motive force (pmf) (recall: disc ...
... transport H+ from the matrix (region of low [H+] or high pH and negative electrical potential) across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space (region of high [H+] or low pH and positive electrical potential) ∆G of the resulting electrochemical gradient = proton motive force (pmf) (recall: disc ...
Electrons
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is____except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is____. 5. Group 1 metals are____, Group 2 metals are____and fluorine is always____. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is eq ...
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is____except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is____. 5. Group 1 metals are____, Group 2 metals are____and fluorine is always____. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is eq ...
Pre AP Bio Nov 8 2016
... • How did we get from glucose to lactic acid? • In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP from aerobic respiration ...
... • How did we get from glucose to lactic acid? • In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP from aerobic respiration ...
Structures and functions of bacteria
... Aerobic and anaerobic growth: The organisms may inhabit at different ecosystems depending on their requirement of oxygen and other growth factors to obtain energy. However, they are classified into one of three categories : Obligate aerobes: They require oxygen to grow because their ATP- generati ...
... Aerobic and anaerobic growth: The organisms may inhabit at different ecosystems depending on their requirement of oxygen and other growth factors to obtain energy. However, they are classified into one of three categories : Obligate aerobes: They require oxygen to grow because their ATP- generati ...
iron in microbial metabolisms
... Accordingly, these microorganisms can circumvent this problem in two ways. They can tolerate low concentrations of oxygen, which allows them to live closer to the surface but requires that the cells oxidize the Fe(II) faster than the molecular oxygen. Alternatively, they can lower their requirement ...
... Accordingly, these microorganisms can circumvent this problem in two ways. They can tolerate low concentrations of oxygen, which allows them to live closer to the surface but requires that the cells oxidize the Fe(II) faster than the molecular oxygen. Alternatively, they can lower their requirement ...
simple basic metabolism
... In stage 2 of metabolism, digestion products are further broken down in body cells to two- and three—carbon compounds such as pyruvate and acetyl CoA. In stage 2 of metabolism, there is conversion of the digestion products (building blocks) to key simple intermediates such as acetylCoA or other sim ...
... In stage 2 of metabolism, digestion products are further broken down in body cells to two- and three—carbon compounds such as pyruvate and acetyl CoA. In stage 2 of metabolism, there is conversion of the digestion products (building blocks) to key simple intermediates such as acetylCoA or other sim ...
GMM - Jabatan Kimia Malaysia
... modified to deliver chemichals eg bacteriocin, oomycin that kills unwanted plant pathogen ...
... modified to deliver chemichals eg bacteriocin, oomycin that kills unwanted plant pathogen ...
Vocabulary Review
... which are monosaccharides are added together, they make a disaccharide called what? ...
... which are monosaccharides are added together, they make a disaccharide called what? ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)