introduction - WordPress.com
... In eukaryotes, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria. It is converted into acetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and enters the citric acid cycle. In protein catabolism, proteins are broken down by proteases into their constituent amino acids. The carbon backbone of these amino acids can become a source of e ...
... In eukaryotes, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria. It is converted into acetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and enters the citric acid cycle. In protein catabolism, proteins are broken down by proteases into their constituent amino acids. The carbon backbone of these amino acids can become a source of e ...
File - Groby Bio Page
... 2. Suggest how diving mammals, such as seals, whales and dolphins can swim below water without suffering from muscle fatigue. ...
... 2. Suggest how diving mammals, such as seals, whales and dolphins can swim below water without suffering from muscle fatigue. ...
Cellular respiration
... carriers so that they can perform glycolysis again and removing the excess pyruvate. Fermentation oxidizes NADH to NAD+ so it can be re-used in glycolysis. In the absence of oxygen, fermentation prevents the build up of NADH in the cytoplasm and provides NAD+ for glycolysis. This waste product varie ...
... carriers so that they can perform glycolysis again and removing the excess pyruvate. Fermentation oxidizes NADH to NAD+ so it can be re-used in glycolysis. In the absence of oxygen, fermentation prevents the build up of NADH in the cytoplasm and provides NAD+ for glycolysis. This waste product varie ...
Life Science Standards of Learning Checklist
... LS.1 The student will plan and conduct investigations in which a) data are organized into tables showing repeated trials and means b) variables are defined c) metric units (SI-International System of Units) are used d) models are constructed to illustrate and explain phenomena e) sources of experime ...
... LS.1 The student will plan and conduct investigations in which a) data are organized into tables showing repeated trials and means b) variables are defined c) metric units (SI-International System of Units) are used d) models are constructed to illustrate and explain phenomena e) sources of experime ...
Chapter 20 Notes
... inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway ...
... inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway ...
Ecosystem Interactions
... energy-rich foods. Some kinds of organisms, many of them microscopic, cannot be neatly classified as either plants or animals. Animals and plants have a great variety of body parts and internal structures that contribute to their being able to make or find food and reproduce. Similarities among org ...
... energy-rich foods. Some kinds of organisms, many of them microscopic, cannot be neatly classified as either plants or animals. Animals and plants have a great variety of body parts and internal structures that contribute to their being able to make or find food and reproduce. Similarities among org ...
Slide 1
... • A series of metabolic pathways involving 3 separate phases: • Krebs cycle • electron transport system • oxidative phosphorylation • Oxidizes pyruvate to ATP & CO2 • Text pg 117 • So why is ATP so important? ...
... • A series of metabolic pathways involving 3 separate phases: • Krebs cycle • electron transport system • oxidative phosphorylation • Oxidizes pyruvate to ATP & CO2 • Text pg 117 • So why is ATP so important? ...
3.DCP I Year BCP Metabolism Notes
... turn of the TCA cycle originate from the oxaloacetate moiety, not the acetyl-CoA. The carbons donated by acetyl-CoA become part of the oxaloacetate carbon backbone used in the next turn of the cycle. Loss of the acetyl-CoA-donated carbons as CO2 requires several turns of the citric acid cycle. The T ...
... turn of the TCA cycle originate from the oxaloacetate moiety, not the acetyl-CoA. The carbons donated by acetyl-CoA become part of the oxaloacetate carbon backbone used in the next turn of the cycle. Loss of the acetyl-CoA-donated carbons as CO2 requires several turns of the citric acid cycle. The T ...
Coordination Chemistry of Life Processes: Bioinorganic Chemistry
... stored as reducing power and as chemical energy in the form of the compounds NADPH and ATP, respectively, are used in the reduction or fixation of the carbon source, carbon dioxide. The biochemical processes involved in carbon dioxide fixation (Calvin Cycle) are not directly light dependent and are ...
... stored as reducing power and as chemical energy in the form of the compounds NADPH and ATP, respectively, are used in the reduction or fixation of the carbon source, carbon dioxide. The biochemical processes involved in carbon dioxide fixation (Calvin Cycle) are not directly light dependent and are ...
Energy In A Cell
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
Energy In A Cell
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
... • Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy • Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll molecules are used to produce new molecules that temporarily store chemical energy, including ATP. AN excited electron jumps to a nearby molecule in the thylakoid membrane • Then the electron is passed ...
Slide 1
... – 2. Oxidization of the remaining 2-carbon compound to form acetate – 3. Coenzyme A binds to the 2-carbon fragment forming acetyl coenzyme A • Products are CO2 , Acetyl CoA, and NADH ...
... – 2. Oxidization of the remaining 2-carbon compound to form acetate – 3. Coenzyme A binds to the 2-carbon fragment forming acetyl coenzyme A • Products are CO2 , Acetyl CoA, and NADH ...
1 Confusion from last week: Purines and Pyrimidines
... – Too much energy, and bonds inside important molecules (e.g. proteins) can be disrupted, doing damage. ...
... – Too much energy, and bonds inside important molecules (e.g. proteins) can be disrupted, doing damage. ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... But relative to complete oxidation of glucose: glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔGo’ = -2840 kJ/mol glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 is 61/2840 = 2.1% glucose → 2 lactate: lactate from muscles recycled in the liver Control of the rate of glycolysis Note ATP inhibition, glycogen storage at rest; AMP, FBP s ...
... But relative to complete oxidation of glucose: glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔGo’ = -2840 kJ/mol glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 is 61/2840 = 2.1% glucose → 2 lactate: lactate from muscles recycled in the liver Control of the rate of glycolysis Note ATP inhibition, glycogen storage at rest; AMP, FBP s ...
Solid Waste in History
... Chlamydiae: Obligately intracellular parasites, many cause diseases in humans and other animals. Gram-positive bacteria: Gram-positive, many different types, unique cell-wall composition Cyanobacteria: Oxygenic phototrophic Purple bacteria (Proteobacteria): Gram-negative; many different types includ ...
... Chlamydiae: Obligately intracellular parasites, many cause diseases in humans and other animals. Gram-positive bacteria: Gram-positive, many different types, unique cell-wall composition Cyanobacteria: Oxygenic phototrophic Purple bacteria (Proteobacteria): Gram-negative; many different types includ ...
Cellular Respiration
... Lactic Acid Fermentation In many cells, pyruvic acid that accumulates as a result of glycolysis can be converted to lactic acid. This type of fermentation is called lactic acid fermentation. It regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. The equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycoly ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation In many cells, pyruvic acid that accumulates as a result of glycolysis can be converted to lactic acid. This type of fermentation is called lactic acid fermentation. It regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. The equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycoly ...
10 - LifeSciTRC
... cyanide (CN-). Which of the following mechanisms is NOT caused by cyanide poising? A. OX-Phos will be ...
... cyanide (CN-). Which of the following mechanisms is NOT caused by cyanide poising? A. OX-Phos will be ...
Presentation
... how to write formulas and names for three different types of chemical compounds: • 1. IONIC COMPOUNDS • 2. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • 3. ACIDS *Each type will have a set of rules that we must follow to correctly represent the substance. ...
... how to write formulas and names for three different types of chemical compounds: • 1. IONIC COMPOUNDS • 2. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • 3. ACIDS *Each type will have a set of rules that we must follow to correctly represent the substance. ...
Carbon Macromolecules
... Chemistry of Carbon • There are 2 reasons that there is a whole branch of chemistry set aside just to study carbon compounds. They are: 2. One carbon atom can bond to another carbon atom, which gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in ...
... Chemistry of Carbon • There are 2 reasons that there is a whole branch of chemistry set aside just to study carbon compounds. They are: 2. One carbon atom can bond to another carbon atom, which gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in ...
Popeye knew what he was doing!
... 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matrix of the mitochondria. 3. Kreb’s cycle – Energy is stored in reducing power of NADH and FADH2 within the matrix of the mitochondri ...
... 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matrix of the mitochondria. 3. Kreb’s cycle – Energy is stored in reducing power of NADH and FADH2 within the matrix of the mitochondri ...
Lecture_7
... ATP synthase is made up of two components. The F1 component contains the active sites and protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix. Each enzyme has three active sites located on the three β subunits. The F0 component is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and contains the proton channel. Th ...
... ATP synthase is made up of two components. The F1 component contains the active sites and protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix. Each enzyme has three active sites located on the three β subunits. The F0 component is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and contains the proton channel. Th ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)