LECTURE 18 - Budostuff
... Image from Campbell Biology 8e Australian Version © Pearson Education Inc. ...
... Image from Campbell Biology 8e Australian Version © Pearson Education Inc. ...
Ch 2: Student Powerpoint File
... Both nitrate and ammonium compounds are usable by ____________ . Nitrogen fixation occurs in one of three ways. 1. In the ____________ – lightning provides the energy for N2 gas to react with O2 gas to form nitrate and ammonium ions. Compounds formed by these ions then enter the soil via preci ...
... Both nitrate and ammonium compounds are usable by ____________ . Nitrogen fixation occurs in one of three ways. 1. In the ____________ – lightning provides the energy for N2 gas to react with O2 gas to form nitrate and ammonium ions. Compounds formed by these ions then enter the soil via preci ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... carbons into a series of acetyl-CoA The oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules requires the breaking of bonds, always one less bond that the number of acetyl-CoA. To break bonds, we must add water and ATP. When these fatty acid bonds are broken, 1 FADH2 and 1 [NADH + H+] are produced. ...
... carbons into a series of acetyl-CoA The oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules requires the breaking of bonds, always one less bond that the number of acetyl-CoA. To break bonds, we must add water and ATP. When these fatty acid bonds are broken, 1 FADH2 and 1 [NADH + H+] are produced. ...
Document
... oxaloacetate to form the 6-carbon citrate. Citrate is then gradually broken down in several steps to re-form oxaloacetate, producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the process. Some ATP is also made directly in the Krebs cycle. As before, the CO2 diffuses out the cell and the hydrogen is taken up by ...
... oxaloacetate to form the 6-carbon citrate. Citrate is then gradually broken down in several steps to re-form oxaloacetate, producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the process. Some ATP is also made directly in the Krebs cycle. As before, the CO2 diffuses out the cell and the hydrogen is taken up by ...
Energy Production II - University of Massachusetts Amherst
... Only 5-10% of energy derived from oxidation of protein. Use of protein depends heavily on: 1. Energy balance (deficit = more PRO used) 2. CHO available (low = more PRO used) Amino acids derived from body protein can be used to produce: a. energy, via entry into TCA cycle b. glucose, via gluconeogene ...
... Only 5-10% of energy derived from oxidation of protein. Use of protein depends heavily on: 1. Energy balance (deficit = more PRO used) 2. CHO available (low = more PRO used) Amino acids derived from body protein can be used to produce: a. energy, via entry into TCA cycle b. glucose, via gluconeogene ...
The Four major Groups of
... dehydration synthesis into polysaccharides (polymers). • Glucose C6H12O6 is made by plants and is the most common monosaccharide. • Serve as energy sources for plants, animals and other organisms. Converted into ATP energy. • Serve as structural molecules in plants and other organisms. • Dietary sou ...
... dehydration synthesis into polysaccharides (polymers). • Glucose C6H12O6 is made by plants and is the most common monosaccharide. • Serve as energy sources for plants, animals and other organisms. Converted into ATP energy. • Serve as structural molecules in plants and other organisms. • Dietary sou ...
Transaminase. There are many types for each amino acid. They are
... Net equation of the urea cycle: 2 NH3 + CO2 + 3 ATP + H2O Urea + 2 ADP + 4 Pi + AMP + 2 H+ Interconnectedness with the Citric Acid Cycle NH3 + CO2 + Aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O Urea + Fumarate + 2 ADP + 4 Pi + AMP Why is it required? ● Amino acids were degraded and excess ammonium is present. ● Am ...
... Net equation of the urea cycle: 2 NH3 + CO2 + 3 ATP + H2O Urea + 2 ADP + 4 Pi + AMP + 2 H+ Interconnectedness with the Citric Acid Cycle NH3 + CO2 + Aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O Urea + Fumarate + 2 ADP + 4 Pi + AMP Why is it required? ● Amino acids were degraded and excess ammonium is present. ● Am ...
g - Santa Rosa Junior College
... The Nitrogen Cycle • The nitrogen cycle involves a direct interaction between land and sea. • Atmospheric N2 must be fixed to enter the land and sea. – Atmospheric fixation occurs when lightning provides the energy for the reaction between N2(g) and O2(g). – Industrial fixation results from the pro ...
... The Nitrogen Cycle • The nitrogen cycle involves a direct interaction between land and sea. • Atmospheric N2 must be fixed to enter the land and sea. – Atmospheric fixation occurs when lightning provides the energy for the reaction between N2(g) and O2(g). – Industrial fixation results from the pro ...
Catabolic pathways
... 2. Conversion of building blocks to simple intermediates: In the second stage, these diverse building blocks are further degraded to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and a few other, simple molecules. Some energy is captured as ATP, but the amount is small compared with the energy produced during the third s ...
... 2. Conversion of building blocks to simple intermediates: In the second stage, these diverse building blocks are further degraded to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and a few other, simple molecules. Some energy is captured as ATP, but the amount is small compared with the energy produced during the third s ...
(key)
... During Photosynthesis what event occurs in the OEC? What does it stand for? C)j, 'J y'-"" 1»81~ J ~ ...
... During Photosynthesis what event occurs in the OEC? What does it stand for? C)j, 'J y'-"" 1»81~ J ~ ...
6. Respiration - WordPress.com
... 5. State that Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells 6. Outline the process of Glycolysis, beginning with the phosphorylation of glucose to hexose bisphosphate, splitting of hexose bisphosphate into two triose phosphate molecules and further oxidation to pyruvate, producing a small yield of ATP ...
... 5. State that Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells 6. Outline the process of Glycolysis, beginning with the phosphorylation of glucose to hexose bisphosphate, splitting of hexose bisphosphate into two triose phosphate molecules and further oxidation to pyruvate, producing a small yield of ATP ...
Thermodynamic considerations of carbon dioxide evolution in
... the present study are as follows: is (i) The reaction, pathway 'H + HCO; - > COzo,,close to equilibrium, since the free energy change of the overall process is only a fraction of 1 kcal mol-'. This value may be compared to the free energy change of the glycolytic pathway in human erythrocytes (-25.2 ...
... the present study are as follows: is (i) The reaction, pathway 'H + HCO; - > COzo,,close to equilibrium, since the free energy change of the overall process is only a fraction of 1 kcal mol-'. This value may be compared to the free energy change of the glycolytic pathway in human erythrocytes (-25.2 ...
Biotic components Submerged plants
... • You need phosphorous and nitrogen to build proteins and nucleic acids (part of DNA) • Since more organisms are unable to use nitrogen gas (N2), nitrogen fixing bacteria bind nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3) • What does that mean? We need nitrogen, but we can’t use pure nitrogen gas (N2 ...
... • You need phosphorous and nitrogen to build proteins and nucleic acids (part of DNA) • Since more organisms are unable to use nitrogen gas (N2), nitrogen fixing bacteria bind nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3) • What does that mean? We need nitrogen, but we can’t use pure nitrogen gas (N2 ...
Exam 2 Material Outline MS Word
... 2. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins: researchers from King’s College London also experts in X-ray diffraction and had good idea of general shape DNA but their approach was slow. 3. James Watson (23 year old American) & Francis Crick (35 year old Englishman): met in Cambridge University, England ...
... 2. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins: researchers from King’s College London also experts in X-ray diffraction and had good idea of general shape DNA but their approach was slow. 3. James Watson (23 year old American) & Francis Crick (35 year old Englishman): met in Cambridge University, England ...
introduction to ecology
... • The range of environmental conditions in which an organism can survive. • There are two kind: – Fundamental Niche – Realized Niche ...
... • The range of environmental conditions in which an organism can survive. • There are two kind: – Fundamental Niche – Realized Niche ...
Ch 9 Cellular respiration
... Fermentation generates ATP by substrate level phosphorylation as long as there is enough NAD+ (get enough because in anaerobic conditions,electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate) pyruvate is electron acceptor for oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ and can then be reused in glycolysis ...
... Fermentation generates ATP by substrate level phosphorylation as long as there is enough NAD+ (get enough because in anaerobic conditions,electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate) pyruvate is electron acceptor for oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ and can then be reused in glycolysis ...
L24_Krebs
... • During the cycle, 2 carbon atoms come in, 2 carbon atoms has gone – but on each cycle only 1 carbon atom from acetyl CoA gets released as carbon dioxide • The other carbon dioxide comes from oxaloacetate ...
... • During the cycle, 2 carbon atoms come in, 2 carbon atoms has gone – but on each cycle only 1 carbon atom from acetyl CoA gets released as carbon dioxide • The other carbon dioxide comes from oxaloacetate ...
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... 2. Evolution helps scientists develop drugs to kill pathogens. D. Conservation 1. Evolution helps scientists decide which technologies can help save the environment. 2. Humans need a renewable resource to produce energy. a) Example: corn or waste products for ethanol production 3. Evolution helps sa ...
... 2. Evolution helps scientists develop drugs to kill pathogens. D. Conservation 1. Evolution helps scientists decide which technologies can help save the environment. 2. Humans need a renewable resource to produce energy. a) Example: corn or waste products for ethanol production 3. Evolution helps sa ...
Chapter 9 outline
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)