Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl
... mankind, but we are only now beginning to understand how it is able to survive and persist indefinitely in the host. Understanding carbon metabolism of the pathogen during infection is key, not only as a source of potential drug targets, but also for elucidating the environment in vivo, so that drug ...
... mankind, but we are only now beginning to understand how it is able to survive and persist indefinitely in the host. Understanding carbon metabolism of the pathogen during infection is key, not only as a source of potential drug targets, but also for elucidating the environment in vivo, so that drug ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of
... salvage pathway is thought to increase silencing by activating Sir2p, which requires NAD. Interestingly, increased cycling through the salvage pathway does not affect the overall steady-state NAD level or NAD : NADH ratio. It has been suggested that the salvage www.current-opinion.com ...
... salvage pathway is thought to increase silencing by activating Sir2p, which requires NAD. Interestingly, increased cycling through the salvage pathway does not affect the overall steady-state NAD level or NAD : NADH ratio. It has been suggested that the salvage www.current-opinion.com ...
Nicotine Increases Hepatic Oxygen Uptake in the Isolated Perfused
... basal values of 105 ⫾ 8 mol/g/h lactate ⫹ pyruvate production were lowered significantly to 52 ⫾ 9 mol/g/h by nicotine (850 M) (Table 1). When the increase in oxygen uptake was plotted against the decreases in glycolysis, a positive relationship was observed (r ⫽ 0.933) (Fig. 2). The cytosolic re ...
... basal values of 105 ⫾ 8 mol/g/h lactate ⫹ pyruvate production were lowered significantly to 52 ⫾ 9 mol/g/h by nicotine (850 M) (Table 1). When the increase in oxygen uptake was plotted against the decreases in glycolysis, a positive relationship was observed (r ⫽ 0.933) (Fig. 2). The cytosolic re ...
Impaired Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mouse Livers Lacking
... substrates such as lactate, pyruvate, or amino acids that must undergo anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase to oxaloacetate (OAA) followed by cataplerosis via PEPCK to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) as the first steps of glucose synthesis (GNGPEP). The sources of glucose in this study were elucidated by ...
... substrates such as lactate, pyruvate, or amino acids that must undergo anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase to oxaloacetate (OAA) followed by cataplerosis via PEPCK to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) as the first steps of glucose synthesis (GNGPEP). The sources of glucose in this study were elucidated by ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesi ...
... Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesi ...
Propionate stimulates pyruvate oxidation in the - AJP
... The effects of unlabeled propionate on conventional 13C NMR spectra from extracts of hearts supplied with [1,213 C2]acetate plus unlabeled glucose are illustrated in Fig. 1. In addition to the dominant glutamate resonances, the spectra also show resonances of malate, citrate, and aspartate, with mal ...
... The effects of unlabeled propionate on conventional 13C NMR spectra from extracts of hearts supplied with [1,213 C2]acetate plus unlabeled glucose are illustrated in Fig. 1. In addition to the dominant glutamate resonances, the spectra also show resonances of malate, citrate, and aspartate, with mal ...
Regulation of Exogenous and Endogenous Glucose Metabolism by
... both glucose and acetoacetate did not change the rate of glucose oxidation significantly. The metabolic fates of acetoacetate in the heart include reduction to b-hydroxybutyrate and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. The rate of acetoacetate oxidation was determined by subtracting the rate of b-hyd ...
... both glucose and acetoacetate did not change the rate of glucose oxidation significantly. The metabolic fates of acetoacetate in the heart include reduction to b-hydroxybutyrate and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. The rate of acetoacetate oxidation was determined by subtracting the rate of b-hyd ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesi ...
... Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesi ...
Membrane transporters in a human genome-scale
... Membrane transporters mediate the transport of solutes across cell and organelle membranes. Transport processes can generate concentration gradients (e.g., active transport process) and membrane potentials (i.e., electrochemical gradient), and they contribute to the regulation of biochemical pathway ...
... Membrane transporters mediate the transport of solutes across cell and organelle membranes. Transport processes can generate concentration gradients (e.g., active transport process) and membrane potentials (i.e., electrochemical gradient), and they contribute to the regulation of biochemical pathway ...
Temperature-dependent effects of cadmium and purine nucleotides
... involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) inactivation in oysters. Overall, the results of this study in antioxidant protection in oyster mitochondria using indicate that temperature stress exaggerates toxicity of Cd purine nucleotides (GDP, ATP and ADP) as specific leading to elevated ...
... involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) inactivation in oysters. Overall, the results of this study in antioxidant protection in oyster mitochondria using indicate that temperature stress exaggerates toxicity of Cd purine nucleotides (GDP, ATP and ADP) as specific leading to elevated ...
Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism
... (Outcome 4.17, 4.18) 6. In mRNA synthesis, if the sequence of DNA bases is TACCCGAGG, the complementary bases in the developing mRNA are _______ . (Outcome 4.17, 4.18) 7. Synthesis of mRNA stops when RNA polymerase reaches _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome ...
... (Outcome 4.17, 4.18) 6. In mRNA synthesis, if the sequence of DNA bases is TACCCGAGG, the complementary bases in the developing mRNA are _______ . (Outcome 4.17, 4.18) 7. Synthesis of mRNA stops when RNA polymerase reaches _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome ...
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... fuel this mitochondrial metabolism. However, mitochondria also are the site at which a considerable amount of highly reactive oxygen radicals (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical) is generated as the unintended side products of the electron transport chain that generates ATP. As such ...
... fuel this mitochondrial metabolism. However, mitochondria also are the site at which a considerable amount of highly reactive oxygen radicals (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical) is generated as the unintended side products of the electron transport chain that generates ATP. As such ...
C. jejuni
... ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporter) are members of a protein superfamily that is one of the largest and most ancient families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to ...
... ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporter) are members of a protein superfamily that is one of the largest and most ancient families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
... glucose & gluconeogenesis precursors. Metabolism shifts toward fat utilization. Muscle protein breakdown to supply gluconeogenesis precursors is minimized. Available glucose is spared for use by the brain. ...
... glucose & gluconeogenesis precursors. Metabolism shifts toward fat utilization. Muscle protein breakdown to supply gluconeogenesis precursors is minimized. Available glucose is spared for use by the brain. ...
- Opus
... slower than that of glucose [26–28]. Furthermore, the hydrolysis of sucrose (by sucrase) is also rapid and exceeds the rate of intestinal absorption of glucose and fructose [29]. An exception to this rule is isomaltulose. Due to the different bond linking glucose and fructose, the hydro ...
... slower than that of glucose [26–28]. Furthermore, the hydrolysis of sucrose (by sucrase) is also rapid and exceeds the rate of intestinal absorption of glucose and fructose [29]. An exception to this rule is isomaltulose. Due to the different bond linking glucose and fructose, the hydro ...
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access
... toxins (over 20 exotoxins in certain strains) which are responsible for illness in humans. The most clinically significant of C. perfringens toxins, α-toxin, is the most common cause of gas gangrene; a life-threatening disease characterised by fever, edema, myonecrosis, pain and gas production (Saku ...
... toxins (over 20 exotoxins in certain strains) which are responsible for illness in humans. The most clinically significant of C. perfringens toxins, α-toxin, is the most common cause of gas gangrene; a life-threatening disease characterised by fever, edema, myonecrosis, pain and gas production (Saku ...
The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C
... • Caused deaths in the U.S. south in the early 1900s © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. ...
... • Caused deaths in the U.S. south in the early 1900s © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. ...
Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation
... Short-term regulation of urea synthesis occurs at the levels of substrate provision and enzyme activities, whereas long-term control is transcriptionally effected by changes in enzyme concentrations. Substrate provision for the urea cycle depends on amino acid delivery, the activity of amino acid tr ...
... Short-term regulation of urea synthesis occurs at the levels of substrate provision and enzyme activities, whereas long-term control is transcriptionally effected by changes in enzyme concentrations. Substrate provision for the urea cycle depends on amino acid delivery, the activity of amino acid tr ...
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Metabolism by
... (Levy, 1999), nutrients such as glucose (Sinacore and Gulve, 1993), and pH (Juel, 1996); in addition, it provides the largest reserve of protein (Rennie et al., 2004). The metabolic requirements of skeletal muscle are also highly variable—the working contracting muscle is a high consumer of ATP. Ske ...
... (Levy, 1999), nutrients such as glucose (Sinacore and Gulve, 1993), and pH (Juel, 1996); in addition, it provides the largest reserve of protein (Rennie et al., 2004). The metabolic requirements of skeletal muscle are also highly variable—the working contracting muscle is a high consumer of ATP. Ske ...
Ketone Body Metabolism Preserves Hepatic Function during
... ketone body metabolism during a classically ketogenic period, the transition to birth, and in a classically ‘non-ketogenic’ state, overnutrition, using novel genetic mouse models, high-resolution measures of dynamic metabolism using ...
... ketone body metabolism during a classically ketogenic period, the transition to birth, and in a classically ‘non-ketogenic’ state, overnutrition, using novel genetic mouse models, high-resolution measures of dynamic metabolism using ...
Model of Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism
... The flux expressions for the compartmentalized lumped metabolic reactions that convert substrates to products in the two subcellular compartments (cytosol and mitochondria) in coupled with the energy controller pairs ATP-ADP and NADH-NAD+ are written here from the generalized reaction flux expressio ...
... The flux expressions for the compartmentalized lumped metabolic reactions that convert substrates to products in the two subcellular compartments (cytosol and mitochondria) in coupled with the energy controller pairs ATP-ADP and NADH-NAD+ are written here from the generalized reaction flux expressio ...
13C MRS: An outstanding tool for metabolic studies
... situ, and noninvasively (4, 5). Second, even if tissue extracts are prepared, the detection of 13C in the different carbon resonances of a specific metabolite does not require separation and carbon by carbon degradation, a prerequisite in the experiments with radioactive 14C (8). Finally, the analysi ...
... situ, and noninvasively (4, 5). Second, even if tissue extracts are prepared, the detection of 13C in the different carbon resonances of a specific metabolite does not require separation and carbon by carbon degradation, a prerequisite in the experiments with radioactive 14C (8). Finally, the analysi ...
Full-Text PDF
... Interestingly, the TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase (TIGAR) shows sequence homology to the phosphatase domain of PFKFB proteins [40]. TIGAR is induced upon acute activation of p53 in response to DNA damage. This blocks PFK1 activity by reducing Fru-2,6-BP levels. As a consequence, G6P ...
... Interestingly, the TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase (TIGAR) shows sequence homology to the phosphatase domain of PFKFB proteins [40]. TIGAR is induced upon acute activation of p53 in response to DNA damage. This blocks PFK1 activity by reducing Fru-2,6-BP levels. As a consequence, G6P ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.