Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... The present investigation focuses on the competitive inhibition of citrate synthase- the first step of the citric acid cycle. The known natural substrate of citrate synthase is acetyl Coenzyme A. Initially, the first substrate oxaloacetate binds to the citrate synthase which then induces the enzyme ...
... The present investigation focuses on the competitive inhibition of citrate synthase- the first step of the citric acid cycle. The known natural substrate of citrate synthase is acetyl Coenzyme A. Initially, the first substrate oxaloacetate binds to the citrate synthase which then induces the enzyme ...
Full-Text PDF
... Subsequently, inflammatory cytokine, adiponectin, leptin, and endotoxin are produced and become indirect dangerous factors. Fructose and its metabolites directly and/or indirectly cause insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, endotoxin secretion, autophagy and disturbance of appetite for food inta ...
... Subsequently, inflammatory cytokine, adiponectin, leptin, and endotoxin are produced and become indirect dangerous factors. Fructose and its metabolites directly and/or indirectly cause insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, endotoxin secretion, autophagy and disturbance of appetite for food inta ...
A new simple fluorimetric method to assay cytosolic ATP content
... seedlings (Petrussa et al. 2001; Chiandussi et al. 2002; Casolo et al. 2003; Petrussa et al. 2004), soybean cell cultures (Casolo et al. 2005), embryogenic cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Abies cephalonica Loud (Petrussa et al. 2008a), Abies alba Mill. (Petrussa et al. 2009), and Arum spadix an ...
... seedlings (Petrussa et al. 2001; Chiandussi et al. 2002; Casolo et al. 2003; Petrussa et al. 2004), soybean cell cultures (Casolo et al. 2005), embryogenic cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Abies cephalonica Loud (Petrussa et al. 2008a), Abies alba Mill. (Petrussa et al. 2009), and Arum spadix an ...
Influence of temperature on the dynamics of ATP, ADP and non
... of bud growth potential rather than an indication of the actual growth rate, which depends on the prevailing temperature. The ATP/ADP ratio did not change before January, indicating that it is not correlated with the progressive accumulation of chilling. This means that the deep changes in the bud s ...
... of bud growth potential rather than an indication of the actual growth rate, which depends on the prevailing temperature. The ATP/ADP ratio did not change before January, indicating that it is not correlated with the progressive accumulation of chilling. This means that the deep changes in the bud s ...
Amino acid homeostasis and signalling in mammalian cells and
... It is noteworthy that mTORC1 integrates many signals through it being regulated by the Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) [9]. For instance, mTORC1 requires indirect activation through protein kinase AKT (growth factors) or ERK (mitogens), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates TSC2 [10]. The ...
... It is noteworthy that mTORC1 integrates many signals through it being regulated by the Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) [9]. For instance, mTORC1 requires indirect activation through protein kinase AKT (growth factors) or ERK (mitogens), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates TSC2 [10]. The ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway
... lucose occupies a central position in the metabolism of plants, animals, and many microorganisms. It is relatively rich in potential energy, and thus a good fuel; the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water proceeds with a standard free-energy change of 2,840 kJ/mol. By storing gl ...
... lucose occupies a central position in the metabolism of plants, animals, and many microorganisms. It is relatively rich in potential energy, and thus a good fuel; the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water proceeds with a standard free-energy change of 2,840 kJ/mol. By storing gl ...
practice oxidative phosphorylation worksheet11
... transport. Protein Complexes I, III, & IV are H+ protein complex ““pump”s” which use the energy harnessed from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 (electron movement = energy!) in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) to ““pump”” H+ against a concentration gradient. Passive transport is coupled to the synt ...
... transport. Protein Complexes I, III, & IV are H+ protein complex ““pump”s” which use the energy harnessed from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 (electron movement = energy!) in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) to ““pump”” H+ against a concentration gradient. Passive transport is coupled to the synt ...
Glycogen
... - Peripheral organs such as brain and erythrocytes demand a constant supply of glucose as a source of energy—implying that excess glucose must be stored and released as needed during starvation/fasting - In animals, excess glucose (from the hydrolysis of starch in the food) is converted via glycogen ...
... - Peripheral organs such as brain and erythrocytes demand a constant supply of glucose as a source of energy—implying that excess glucose must be stored and released as needed during starvation/fasting - In animals, excess glucose (from the hydrolysis of starch in the food) is converted via glycogen ...
Drug metabolism
... NIH Shift: Novel Intramolecular Hydride shift named after National Institute of Health where the process was discovered. This is most important detoxification reaction for arene oxides R ...
... NIH Shift: Novel Intramolecular Hydride shift named after National Institute of Health where the process was discovered. This is most important detoxification reaction for arene oxides R ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... availability. Over the past 30 years, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have become one of the main sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features than synthetic plastics since they are produced from biobased sources and their intrinsic chemical co ...
... availability. Over the past 30 years, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have become one of the main sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features than synthetic plastics since they are produced from biobased sources and their intrinsic chemical co ...
Metabolism and biochemical characteristics of yogurt bacteria
... Two other subspecies, subsp delbrueekii and subsp laetis, also belong to this group. The old terminology Laetobaeillus leiehmannii is no longer in use. L delbrueekii subsp bulgarieus is homofermentative, ferments few carbohydrates, ie glucose, lactose, fructose, and sometimes galactose or mannose, a ...
... Two other subspecies, subsp delbrueekii and subsp laetis, also belong to this group. The old terminology Laetobaeillus leiehmannii is no longer in use. L delbrueekii subsp bulgarieus is homofermentative, ferments few carbohydrates, ie glucose, lactose, fructose, and sometimes galactose or mannose, a ...
Adaptation and Specialization in the Evolution of Bacterial
... strains in the adaptive environment increased on average by approximately 80% in 50,000 generations [6], and the LTEE strains have been evolving in the same consistent environment for such a long time that we would expect specialization to that environment to have occurred. One environmental conditi ...
... strains in the adaptive environment increased on average by approximately 80% in 50,000 generations [6], and the LTEE strains have been evolving in the same consistent environment for such a long time that we would expect specialization to that environment to have occurred. One environmental conditi ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... referred to as oxidative phosphorylation, the high-transfer-potential electrons are transferred to oxygen to form water in a series of oxidation–reduction reactions. This transfer is highly exergonic, and the released energy is used to synthesize ATP. We will focus on the citric acid cycle in this s ...
... referred to as oxidative phosphorylation, the high-transfer-potential electrons are transferred to oxygen to form water in a series of oxidation–reduction reactions. This transfer is highly exergonic, and the released energy is used to synthesize ATP. We will focus on the citric acid cycle in this s ...
animal nutrition - e
... The science of animal nutrition continues to advance and this has necessitated, to varying degrees, the updating of most chapters. In particular the new developments in dairy cow nutrition in the Feed into Milk System and the new nutrient requirements of pigs proposed by the British Society of Anima ...
... The science of animal nutrition continues to advance and this has necessitated, to varying degrees, the updating of most chapters. In particular the new developments in dairy cow nutrition in the Feed into Milk System and the new nutrient requirements of pigs proposed by the British Society of Anima ...
9. Wakil, S. J., Green, DE, Mii, S., and Mahler, HR (1954) Studies on
... extended his studies of fatty acid biosynthesis to the Eschericia coli and identified the individual enzymes that constitute the pathway for fatty acid synthesis in bacteria which offering additional weights into the construction of fatty acid chains in animals. Using the bacterial system, he helped ...
... extended his studies of fatty acid biosynthesis to the Eschericia coli and identified the individual enzymes that constitute the pathway for fatty acid synthesis in bacteria which offering additional weights into the construction of fatty acid chains in animals. Using the bacterial system, he helped ...
aminoacids
... Cofactors for many enzymes No role as energy substrate No digestion (directly absorbed) ...
... Cofactors for many enzymes No role as energy substrate No digestion (directly absorbed) ...
Effect of Aminoguanidine (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor
... The primary structure of PDK was determined for the first time by isolating a cDNA encoding a 48 KDa form of PDK, later termed PDK from a rat heart cDNA library [32]. Based on analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and crystal structures studies, it had been suggested that PDK does not belong ...
... The primary structure of PDK was determined for the first time by isolating a cDNA encoding a 48 KDa form of PDK, later termed PDK from a rat heart cDNA library [32]. Based on analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and crystal structures studies, it had been suggested that PDK does not belong ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... and as starch in plants. Glycogen and starch can be degraded to release glucose monomers that can fuel energy production via glycolysis or serve as precursors in biosynthesis reactions. ...
... and as starch in plants. Glycogen and starch can be degraded to release glucose monomers that can fuel energy production via glycolysis or serve as precursors in biosynthesis reactions. ...
Training Carnitine - Overview
... ketone bodies, free fatty acids and acylcarnitine profile. Fasting may be continued in children for up to 24 hours, unless blood glucose drops to less than 3 mmol/L. An inadequate production of ketones with a high free fatty acid–to–ketone bodies ratio suggests a defect in long-chain fatty acid oxid ...
... ketone bodies, free fatty acids and acylcarnitine profile. Fasting may be continued in children for up to 24 hours, unless blood glucose drops to less than 3 mmol/L. An inadequate production of ketones with a high free fatty acid–to–ketone bodies ratio suggests a defect in long-chain fatty acid oxid ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.