The proofreading mechanism of isoleucyl
... So, what is so special about these reactions? High specificity is important in all reactions occurring in a cell, isn’t it? Well, the problem with some of the above mentioned reactions are the similarity of the substrates. In transcription and replication of DNA, the polymerases di ...
... So, what is so special about these reactions? High specificity is important in all reactions occurring in a cell, isn’t it? Well, the problem with some of the above mentioned reactions are the similarity of the substrates. In transcription and replication of DNA, the polymerases di ...
Microsoft Word
... substrate) but displayed very poor growth from non-fermentable carbon source like glycerol, both at 28°C (the optimal temperature for yeast growth) and at 36°C (Fig. 2). ATP synthase mutations often increase in yeast the production, up to 100%, of -/0 petites issued from large deletions in the mtD ...
... substrate) but displayed very poor growth from non-fermentable carbon source like glycerol, both at 28°C (the optimal temperature for yeast growth) and at 36°C (Fig. 2). ATP synthase mutations often increase in yeast the production, up to 100%, of -/0 petites issued from large deletions in the mtD ...
Vitamins
... Used to be thought that there was only a single vitamin B molecule. Now “vitamin B” is considered to be the name of a family of water-soluble molecules with important use in cell metabolism. Grains, nuts, and meats are common natural sources of B ...
... Used to be thought that there was only a single vitamin B molecule. Now “vitamin B” is considered to be the name of a family of water-soluble molecules with important use in cell metabolism. Grains, nuts, and meats are common natural sources of B ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... exceeds the rate at which muscle can process pyruvate aerobically (p. 235). Lactate is readily converted into pyruvate in the liver by the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Amino acids are derived from proteins in the diet and, during starvation, from the breakdown of proteins in skeletal muscle (p. ...
... exceeds the rate at which muscle can process pyruvate aerobically (p. 235). Lactate is readily converted into pyruvate in the liver by the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Amino acids are derived from proteins in the diet and, during starvation, from the breakdown of proteins in skeletal muscle (p. ...
Inducible uptake and metabolism of glucose by the phosphorylative
... the other strains, CSV86 does not have the ability to metabolize gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. These observations were supported by measurements of enzyme activities and analysis of the products formed during metabolism of glucose. Specific activities for various enzymes involved in glucose metabol ...
... the other strains, CSV86 does not have the ability to metabolize gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. These observations were supported by measurements of enzyme activities and analysis of the products formed during metabolism of glucose. Specific activities for various enzymes involved in glucose metabol ...
13C-fluxomics
... • Energy fluxes (ATP, redox) • Response to environmental / genetic modifications ...
... • Energy fluxes (ATP, redox) • Response to environmental / genetic modifications ...
melatonin and succinate reduce rat liver mitochondrial dysfunction
... and 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, at 25°C in the final volume of 2 ml. The conjugation of CDNB with glutathione was monitored at 340 nm, using the molar absorbtion coefficient of 9,600 M-1cm-1. Catalase activity was measured in rat liver cell cytoplasm by the method of Aebi (26). The re ...
... and 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, at 25°C in the final volume of 2 ml. The conjugation of CDNB with glutathione was monitored at 340 nm, using the molar absorbtion coefficient of 9,600 M-1cm-1. Catalase activity was measured in rat liver cell cytoplasm by the method of Aebi (26). The re ...
metabolism during adventitious root primordium initiation
... occur in the specific activity of glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) (E.C. 1.2.1.12) in leafy cuttings, in comparison with leafless, non-rooting controls. IAA treatment of leafy cuttings induces further marked increases in G-3-PD (NAD) activity in comparison with leafy, rooting, and lea ...
... occur in the specific activity of glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) (E.C. 1.2.1.12) in leafy cuttings, in comparison with leafless, non-rooting controls. IAA treatment of leafy cuttings induces further marked increases in G-3-PD (NAD) activity in comparison with leafy, rooting, and lea ...
PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
... their formation. When Wöhler, in 1828, made urea from inorganic salt, ammonium cyanate, NH4CNO, he changed the definition of organic chemistry. Today, the term organic chemistry refers to the chemistry of millions of carbon compounds. Theory of chemical structure of organic compounds was formulated ...
... their formation. When Wöhler, in 1828, made urea from inorganic salt, ammonium cyanate, NH4CNO, he changed the definition of organic chemistry. Today, the term organic chemistry refers to the chemistry of millions of carbon compounds. Theory of chemical structure of organic compounds was formulated ...
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt
... The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) form a collection of Gram-positive, acid-tolerant, nonsporulating rod-shaped or coccoid bacteria with low G+C content grouped for a common characteristic: the production of lactic acid, an important metabolic end-product of glycolysis for industrial use. The best-studi ...
... The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) form a collection of Gram-positive, acid-tolerant, nonsporulating rod-shaped or coccoid bacteria with low G+C content grouped for a common characteristic: the production of lactic acid, an important metabolic end-product of glycolysis for industrial use. The best-studi ...
Milk Fat: Origin of Fatty Acids and Influence of
... 2002). In this model, longer-chain and more saturated fatty acids diVuse through the membrane more rapidly because they are more hydrophobic, consistent with the order of uptake of fatty acids by the bovine mammary gland (Thompson and Christie, 1991). Because the concentration of CoASH is very low a ...
... 2002). In this model, longer-chain and more saturated fatty acids diVuse through the membrane more rapidly because they are more hydrophobic, consistent with the order of uptake of fatty acids by the bovine mammary gland (Thompson and Christie, 1991). Because the concentration of CoASH is very low a ...
Glycerol is a major substrate for glucose, glycogen, and
... samples (100 μL) were acidified with ice-cold 15% sulphosalicylic acid (wt/vol) and centrifuged for 10 min (10,000 × g at 25°C) to precipitate proteins and other debris. The elute containing free glucose was collected after passing the supernatant over 0.5 g of cation exchange resin. The solution wa ...
... samples (100 μL) were acidified with ice-cold 15% sulphosalicylic acid (wt/vol) and centrifuged for 10 min (10,000 × g at 25°C) to precipitate proteins and other debris. The elute containing free glucose was collected after passing the supernatant over 0.5 g of cation exchange resin. The solution wa ...
Disorders of Propionate and Methylmalonate Metabolism
... CHAPTER 94 / DISORDERS OF PROPIONATE AND METHYLMALONATE METABOLISM ...
... CHAPTER 94 / DISORDERS OF PROPIONATE AND METHYLMALONATE METABOLISM ...
Major roles of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase in
... and cauliflower) have shown that the icl1 gene is expressed during its infection of Brassica napus cotyledons and inactivation of this locus causes low germination rates of pycnidiospores, reducing the pathogenicity of the fungus on cotyledons as well as limiting its hyphal growth on canola. It was ...
... and cauliflower) have shown that the icl1 gene is expressed during its infection of Brassica napus cotyledons and inactivation of this locus causes low germination rates of pycnidiospores, reducing the pathogenicity of the fungus on cotyledons as well as limiting its hyphal growth on canola. It was ...
Wax ester fermentation and fatty acid biosynthesis in the facultatively
... et al. 2001; Butterfield 2000). At the time deep ocean water was still anoxic and the sulfide level was very high. The advent of oxygen took place during the time from 2.5 to ca 0.6 Ga (Canfield 1998; Anbar and Knoll 2001; Canfield et al. 2007) and the eukaryotes must have arisen and diversified by ...
... et al. 2001; Butterfield 2000). At the time deep ocean water was still anoxic and the sulfide level was very high. The advent of oxygen took place during the time from 2.5 to ca 0.6 Ga (Canfield 1998; Anbar and Knoll 2001; Canfield et al. 2007) and the eukaryotes must have arisen and diversified by ...
Chapter 8: Energy generation:glycolysis
... gradual breakdown of glucose. It is important that we study the individual steps in the pathway, but equally important that we do not lose sight of the overall purpose of the pathway as a whole. We will therefore begin with an overview of the process, so that throughout the next two chapters we will ...
... gradual breakdown of glucose. It is important that we study the individual steps in the pathway, but equally important that we do not lose sight of the overall purpose of the pathway as a whole. We will therefore begin with an overview of the process, so that throughout the next two chapters we will ...
Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous
... acidification, both lactate and protons then exit cells. By the end of the fifties, it was clear that hypoglycaemia, by limiting the supply to the brain of its preferred metabolic substrate (i.e., glucose), could reduce cell respiration/energy production and hence brain electric activity. It was als ...
... acidification, both lactate and protons then exit cells. By the end of the fifties, it was clear that hypoglycaemia, by limiting the supply to the brain of its preferred metabolic substrate (i.e., glucose), could reduce cell respiration/energy production and hence brain electric activity. It was als ...
Metabolism of acyl‐lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
... et al., 1988). Chlamydomonas FA compositions share features typical of higher plants such as Arabidopsis, in that essentially all FA esterified to the polar glycerolipids are of 16 or 18 carbons. With the exception of a significant amount of palmitic acid (16:0) esterified in the sn-2 position of th ...
... et al., 1988). Chlamydomonas FA compositions share features typical of higher plants such as Arabidopsis, in that essentially all FA esterified to the polar glycerolipids are of 16 or 18 carbons. With the exception of a significant amount of palmitic acid (16:0) esterified in the sn-2 position of th ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... and resuspended in Tris buffer. The cells were placed in a biological oxygen monitor (YSI 5300, Yellow Springs) with 3 ml of the same buffer containing 1 mM benzoate. Blanks without benzoate were prepared for each assay. B120 activity was expressed as mmol benzoate consumed (g cell dry wt)-l h-' and ...
... and resuspended in Tris buffer. The cells were placed in a biological oxygen monitor (YSI 5300, Yellow Springs) with 3 ml of the same buffer containing 1 mM benzoate. Blanks without benzoate were prepared for each assay. B120 activity was expressed as mmol benzoate consumed (g cell dry wt)-l h-' and ...
GLYCOGENOLYSIS AND GLYCOLYSIS IN MUSCLE
... tissue. Most tissues—with the notable exception of muscles during contraction—require insulin in order to take in glucose. The unique mechanism by which muscles take up glucose during exercise is currently being studied (Chapter 9). Nerve and brain tissues usually consume large amounts of glucose; t ...
... tissue. Most tissues—with the notable exception of muscles during contraction—require insulin in order to take in glucose. The unique mechanism by which muscles take up glucose during exercise is currently being studied (Chapter 9). Nerve and brain tissues usually consume large amounts of glucose; t ...
Glycolytic strategy as a tradeoff between energy yield and protein cost
... phosphorylated twice and cleaved into two triose-phosphates (G3P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate), both of which are used to produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in lower glycolysis (2, 7) (Fig. 1B). In the ED pathway, glucose is phosphorylated only once and oxidized to 2-keto-3-deoxy- ...
... phosphorylated twice and cleaved into two triose-phosphates (G3P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate), both of which are used to produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in lower glycolysis (2, 7) (Fig. 1B). In the ED pathway, glucose is phosphorylated only once and oxidized to 2-keto-3-deoxy- ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.