Lactic Acidosis
... actic acidosis results from the accumulation of lactate and protons in the body fluids and is often associated with poor clinical outcomes. The effect of lactic acidosis is governed by its severity and the clinical context. Mortality is increased by a factor of nearly three when lactic acidosis acco ...
... actic acidosis results from the accumulation of lactate and protons in the body fluids and is often associated with poor clinical outcomes. The effect of lactic acidosis is governed by its severity and the clinical context. Mortality is increased by a factor of nearly three when lactic acidosis acco ...
Module 1. General principles of metabolism. Metabolism of
... 79. Ca++ or Mg++ are most likely to be part of ___________, while Zn++ or Fe++ are present in _______________. A. * Metal-activated enzymes; metalloenzymes B. Metalloenzymes; metal-activated enzymes C. Cofactors; coenzymes D. Coenzymes; cofactors E. Apoenzymes; holoenzymes 80. Conserved serine, hist ...
... 79. Ca++ or Mg++ are most likely to be part of ___________, while Zn++ or Fe++ are present in _______________. A. * Metal-activated enzymes; metalloenzymes B. Metalloenzymes; metal-activated enzymes C. Cofactors; coenzymes D. Coenzymes; cofactors E. Apoenzymes; holoenzymes 80. Conserved serine, hist ...
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH
... In a second study, the time course of PDH activation was examined during a series of 30-s maximal sprints on an isokinetic cycle ergometer at a power output of ~250 –300% of that required to elicit V̇O2max (7). Subjects cycled maximally at 100 rpm for 6, 15, or 30 s on 3 separate days with muscle bi ...
... In a second study, the time course of PDH activation was examined during a series of 30-s maximal sprints on an isokinetic cycle ergometer at a power output of ~250 –300% of that required to elicit V̇O2max (7). Subjects cycled maximally at 100 rpm for 6, 15, or 30 s on 3 separate days with muscle bi ...
Module 3 Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids
... D. All of the above E. None of the above 17. ATP is a cosubstrate of the enzyme PFK-1. In most species ATP is also an inhibitor of PFK-1 at higher concentrations. This seems to violate Le Chatelier's Principle. Which statement below would provide a suitable explanation? A. PFK-1 must be phosphorylat ...
... D. All of the above E. None of the above 17. ATP is a cosubstrate of the enzyme PFK-1. In most species ATP is also an inhibitor of PFK-1 at higher concentrations. This seems to violate Le Chatelier's Principle. Which statement below would provide a suitable explanation? A. PFK-1 must be phosphorylat ...
Nutrition for sport and exercise
... © 2008 Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Wadsworth are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechani ...
... © 2008 Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Wadsworth are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechani ...
THE MULTIFARIOUS AND DYNAMIC REGULATION OF THE LIVING CELL Karen van Eunen
... 1.2.1 Mechanisms of flux regulation The flux through a pathway or an enzyme can be changed by many different regulatory mechanisms. Speaking in the terms introduced above, many buttons are available in the cell. In this section I will describe the various levels of regulation briefly. The regulatory ...
... 1.2.1 Mechanisms of flux regulation The flux through a pathway or an enzyme can be changed by many different regulatory mechanisms. Speaking in the terms introduced above, many buttons are available in the cell. In this section I will describe the various levels of regulation briefly. The regulatory ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... enzyme β-ketoacyl ACP reductase. This reaction differs from the reverse of the β-oxidation reaction in that the D-isomer rather than the L-isomer is formed and NADPH is the reducing agent rather than NADH. The alcohol is dehydrated D-β-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase to form crotonyl ACP which is reduce ...
... enzyme β-ketoacyl ACP reductase. This reaction differs from the reverse of the β-oxidation reaction in that the D-isomer rather than the L-isomer is formed and NADPH is the reducing agent rather than NADH. The alcohol is dehydrated D-β-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase to form crotonyl ACP which is reduce ...
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... although some people seem to respond to one formulation better than another. Arginine/ornithine 2:1 has worked well for many for decades while new formulas with AAKG or OKG are preferred by some. 2g or more of L-Glutamine may be effective as well. Cofactors needed for the process to take place inclu ...
... although some people seem to respond to one formulation better than another. Arginine/ornithine 2:1 has worked well for many for decades while new formulas with AAKG or OKG are preferred by some. 2g or more of L-Glutamine may be effective as well. Cofactors needed for the process to take place inclu ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
as a PDF
... even less recycling could have taken place. It therefore appears impossible that the radioactivity of carboxyls 2 and 3 is due solely to recycling. A similar conclusion can be reached by calculation of the maximum amount of recycling from the molar yield of citrate or from the total carbon dioxide p ...
... even less recycling could have taken place. It therefore appears impossible that the radioactivity of carboxyls 2 and 3 is due solely to recycling. A similar conclusion can be reached by calculation of the maximum amount of recycling from the molar yield of citrate or from the total carbon dioxide p ...
Cu(II)–disulfide complexes display simultaneous superoxide
... 106 M−1 s−1, which are three orders of magnitude lower than that reported for superoxide dismutase (SOD) but comparable to that of several other copper-containing complexes reported as SOD mimetics. The interaction between the tested Cu(II)–RSSR and superoxide, led to the generation and recovery of ...
... 106 M−1 s−1, which are three orders of magnitude lower than that reported for superoxide dismutase (SOD) but comparable to that of several other copper-containing complexes reported as SOD mimetics. The interaction between the tested Cu(II)–RSSR and superoxide, led to the generation and recovery of ...
Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Results in Blood Lactate
... amounts of lactic acid which is the end product of glycolysis particularly in muscle cell and red blood cells. Some studies revealed that Lactate does not only increase in the early stages of diabetes but has also been shown to predict its occurrence in the future [1,2]. Lactic acidosis is one of th ...
... amounts of lactic acid which is the end product of glycolysis particularly in muscle cell and red blood cells. Some studies revealed that Lactate does not only increase in the early stages of diabetes but has also been shown to predict its occurrence in the future [1,2]. Lactic acidosis is one of th ...
Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Comprehension 26) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and H2O B) CO2 and pyruvate C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) H2O, FADH2, and citrate Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Knowledge 27) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and ...
... Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Comprehension 26) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and H2O B) CO2 and pyruvate C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) H2O, FADH2, and citrate Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Knowledge 27) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and ...
Enzymes:The Catalysts of Life I
... Catalysts Overcome the Activation Energy Barrier The activation energy requirement is a barrier that must be overcome if desirable reactions are to proceed at reasonable rates. Since the energy content of a given molecule must exceed EA before that molecule is capable of undergoing reaction, the onl ...
... Catalysts Overcome the Activation Energy Barrier The activation energy requirement is a barrier that must be overcome if desirable reactions are to proceed at reasonable rates. Since the energy content of a given molecule must exceed EA before that molecule is capable of undergoing reaction, the onl ...
Intestinal absorption of triglycerols
... isomerization, 1-monoglycerides (15 to 20 p. 100 of the total monoglycerides) and small amounts of 1.3-diglycerides are also found at that level. Moreover, fatty acids are exchanged between those located at positions 1 and 3 of the triglyceride molecules and the intraluminal free fatty acids ; these ...
... isomerization, 1-monoglycerides (15 to 20 p. 100 of the total monoglycerides) and small amounts of 1.3-diglycerides are also found at that level. Moreover, fatty acids are exchanged between those located at positions 1 and 3 of the triglyceride molecules and the intraluminal free fatty acids ; these ...
Thesis - HuVetA
... The hypothalamus plays a key role in the central regulation of various homeostatic systems and related functions, such as energy metabolism, reproduction and sleep-wake behavior. Our research group has investigated the neuronal mechanisms underlying the hypothalamic regulation of gonadotropin-releas ...
... The hypothalamus plays a key role in the central regulation of various homeostatic systems and related functions, such as energy metabolism, reproduction and sleep-wake behavior. Our research group has investigated the neuronal mechanisms underlying the hypothalamic regulation of gonadotropin-releas ...
chapter 15: answers to selected problems
... (The CO2 is a waste product and is not used to make additional ATP.) 15.49 Succinyl-CoA is also the product of one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle. Therefore, when a cell burns valine, it must make the enzymes that convert valine into succinylCoA, but it does not need to make additional en ...
... (The CO2 is a waste product and is not used to make additional ATP.) 15.49 Succinyl-CoA is also the product of one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle. Therefore, when a cell burns valine, it must make the enzymes that convert valine into succinylCoA, but it does not need to make additional en ...
Defective intestinal amino acid absorption in Ace2 null mice
... thought to result from defective intestinal absorption of its precursor L-tryptophan. Since Ace2 is necessary for intestinal B0AT1 expression, we tested the impact of intestinal B0AT1 absence in ace2 null mice. Their weight gain following weaning was decreased, and Na⫹-dependent uptake of B0AT1 subs ...
... thought to result from defective intestinal absorption of its precursor L-tryptophan. Since Ace2 is necessary for intestinal B0AT1 expression, we tested the impact of intestinal B0AT1 absence in ace2 null mice. Their weight gain following weaning was decreased, and Na⫹-dependent uptake of B0AT1 subs ...
PDF - Agricultural Journals
... restricted to carbon chains longer than C12 (lauric acid), due to the low specificity of acyl-ACP thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14). However, milk fats from humans, ruminants, and most other nonruminant mammals contain high proportions of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (C8-C14). Medium-chain fatty acid ...
... restricted to carbon chains longer than C12 (lauric acid), due to the low specificity of acyl-ACP thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14). However, milk fats from humans, ruminants, and most other nonruminant mammals contain high proportions of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (C8-C14). Medium-chain fatty acid ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Staphylococcus
... Construction of the complementation plasmid. Plasmid pCL15 (a kind gift of Chia Lee), containing a Pspac promoter, was used for the construction of an acnA complementation plasmid. The pMRS2 complementation plasmid was constructed by amplifying the 2.7-kb promoterless acnA gene from S. epidermidis s ...
... Construction of the complementation plasmid. Plasmid pCL15 (a kind gift of Chia Lee), containing a Pspac promoter, was used for the construction of an acnA complementation plasmid. The pMRS2 complementation plasmid was constructed by amplifying the 2.7-kb promoterless acnA gene from S. epidermidis s ...
GLYCOLYSIS AND GLUCONEOGENESIS
... 4 ), an analog of phosphate, has an interesting effect on glycolysis. This makes a great exam question. Arsenate is a substrate for the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The enzyme, which normally uses phosphate and makes 1,3-disphosphoglycerate, is fooled by the arsenate and makes th ...
... 4 ), an analog of phosphate, has an interesting effect on glycolysis. This makes a great exam question. Arsenate is a substrate for the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The enzyme, which normally uses phosphate and makes 1,3-disphosphoglycerate, is fooled by the arsenate and makes th ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.