Carnitine Overview
... Long-chain fatty acids (>12 C) are extracted from triglycerides by an intracellular lipase. Fatty acids are then activated by Acyl-CoA Synthetase, located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. ...
... Long-chain fatty acids (>12 C) are extracted from triglycerides by an intracellular lipase. Fatty acids are then activated by Acyl-CoA Synthetase, located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. ...
Role of the non-respiratory pathways in the utilization of molecular
... growth rate is not limited by oxygen concentration. The maximal specific rate of oxygen consumption is then reached (qO2 = qO2 max ) for a given strain and an experimental condition tested. On the basis of their metabolic behaviour, yeasts are classified as: (a) obligate aerobes (e.g. Trichosporon, ...
... growth rate is not limited by oxygen concentration. The maximal specific rate of oxygen consumption is then reached (qO2 = qO2 max ) for a given strain and an experimental condition tested. On the basis of their metabolic behaviour, yeasts are classified as: (a) obligate aerobes (e.g. Trichosporon, ...
A 5000-Fold Increase in the Specificity of a Bacterial
... insecticide malathion is lower than expected based on its physical properties; principally the pka of its leaving group. In this study, we rationalise the turnover rate of PTEAr for malathion using computational docking of the substrate into a high resolution crystal structure of the enzyme, suggest ...
... insecticide malathion is lower than expected based on its physical properties; principally the pka of its leaving group. In this study, we rationalise the turnover rate of PTEAr for malathion using computational docking of the substrate into a high resolution crystal structure of the enzyme, suggest ...
AMINO ACID OXIDATION AND THE PRODUCTION OF UREA
... 3. During starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when carbohydrates are either unavailable or not properly utilized, cellular proteins are used as fuel. Under all these metabolic conditions, amino acids lose their amino groups to form -keto acids, the “carbon skeletons” of amino acids. Th ...
... 3. During starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when carbohydrates are either unavailable or not properly utilized, cellular proteins are used as fuel. Under all these metabolic conditions, amino acids lose their amino groups to form -keto acids, the “carbon skeletons” of amino acids. Th ...
Rapamycin increases mitochondrial efficiency by mtDNA
... capacity. Uncoupled mitochondrial respiration rates were measured after the addition of ...
... capacity. Uncoupled mitochondrial respiration rates were measured after the addition of ...
FAT/CD36 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane
... Mitochondria were exposed to various concentrations of digitonin for 15 min (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mg of mitochondria), and thereafter centrifuged at 10 000 g, resuspended and markers of IMM (inner mitochondrial membrane) and OMM via Western blot analysis (described below) were quantified. ...
... Mitochondria were exposed to various concentrations of digitonin for 15 min (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mg of mitochondria), and thereafter centrifuged at 10 000 g, resuspended and markers of IMM (inner mitochondrial membrane) and OMM via Western blot analysis (described below) were quantified. ...
Metabolism of lactate and sugars by dairy propionibacteria: A
... cheese, for the biological production of propionate and vitamin 812 and have probiotic properties. In ail the se applications, their metabolic activities play a critical role. A complete understanding of propionate fermentation and of the metabolic routes used is therefore necessary. Dairy propionib ...
... cheese, for the biological production of propionate and vitamin 812 and have probiotic properties. In ail the se applications, their metabolic activities play a critical role. A complete understanding of propionate fermentation and of the metabolic routes used is therefore necessary. Dairy propionib ...
Title Metabolism of fluoroorganic compounds in microorganisms
... defluorination (Visscher et al. 1994; Kim et al. 2000). However, no enzyme has yet been identified that can specifically cleave C-F bonds in the trifluoromethyl group. Some bacteria, such as the fluorometabolite producer Streptomyces cattleya, can stereospecifically degrade the amino acid L-4-fluor ...
... defluorination (Visscher et al. 1994; Kim et al. 2000). However, no enzyme has yet been identified that can specifically cleave C-F bonds in the trifluoromethyl group. Some bacteria, such as the fluorometabolite producer Streptomyces cattleya, can stereospecifically degrade the amino acid L-4-fluor ...
T. Takahashi, B. C. Vo Ngo, L. Xiao, G. Arya, and M. J. Heller
... While considerable attempts have been made to recreate the high turnover rates of enzymes using synthetic enzyme mimics, most have failed and only a few have produced minimal reaction rates that can barely be considered catalytic. One particular approach we have focused on is the use of short-sequen ...
... While considerable attempts have been made to recreate the high turnover rates of enzymes using synthetic enzyme mimics, most have failed and only a few have produced minimal reaction rates that can barely be considered catalytic. One particular approach we have focused on is the use of short-sequen ...
Slide 1 / 85 Slide 2 / 85 Slide 3 / 85
... What is the net yield of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 in the citric acid cycle when due to the input of 1 molecule of glucose into aerobic cellular respiration? ...
... What is the net yield of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 in the citric acid cycle when due to the input of 1 molecule of glucose into aerobic cellular respiration? ...
ADP
... 1. Introduction 2. Glycolysis 3. Aerobic oxidation of glucose 4. Pentose phosphate pathway 5. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis 6. Gluconeogenesis 7. Blood sugar and regulation Disease cases ...
... 1. Introduction 2. Glycolysis 3. Aerobic oxidation of glucose 4. Pentose phosphate pathway 5. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis 6. Gluconeogenesis 7. Blood sugar and regulation Disease cases ...
Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology
... This requirement for glutamine is particularly true in cancer cells, many of which display oncogene-dependent addictions to glutamine in culture (8). Glutamine catabolism begins with its conversion to glutamate in reactions that either donate the amide nitrogen to biosynthetic pathways or release it ...
... This requirement for glutamine is particularly true in cancer cells, many of which display oncogene-dependent addictions to glutamine in culture (8). Glutamine catabolism begins with its conversion to glutamate in reactions that either donate the amide nitrogen to biosynthetic pathways or release it ...
06_Metabolism of lipid
... • FA synthesis and degradation occur by two completely separate pathways • When glucose is plentiful, large amounts of acetyl CoA are produced by glycolysis and can be used for fatty acid synthesis ...
... • FA synthesis and degradation occur by two completely separate pathways • When glucose is plentiful, large amounts of acetyl CoA are produced by glycolysis and can be used for fatty acid synthesis ...
Chapter 11- Looking for the Edge
... • “Additive,” or, 1+1=2. This suggests that when two supplements are combined, the effect is equal to the sum of the individual effects. An example of this concept might include calcium and vitamin D. • “Antagonize,” or, 1+1=0. In this case, the effects of one supplement may actually negate the ef ...
... • “Additive,” or, 1+1=2. This suggests that when two supplements are combined, the effect is equal to the sum of the individual effects. An example of this concept might include calcium and vitamin D. • “Antagonize,” or, 1+1=0. In this case, the effects of one supplement may actually negate the ef ...
universidade estadual de maringá metabolic alterations caused by
... activity as an uncoupler. At higher concentrations, however, several other effects may become significant, including inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow and inhibition of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation. In metabolic ...
... activity as an uncoupler. At higher concentrations, however, several other effects may become significant, including inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow and inhibition of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation. In metabolic ...
Basic Science for Clinicians
... ATP to amino acids on specific target proteins. The phosphorylation of even a single amino acid can induce conformational changes in enzymes, ion channels, and regulatory and structural proteins that alter their function. AMPK was first identified 20 years ago as a protein kinase that was responsive ...
... ATP to amino acids on specific target proteins. The phosphorylation of even a single amino acid can induce conformational changes in enzymes, ion channels, and regulatory and structural proteins that alter their function. AMPK was first identified 20 years ago as a protein kinase that was responsive ...
Camp 1 - University of California, Santa Cruz
... • ATP is a High E yielding molecule (7.3 kcal/mole) • Pyruvate is the END product of Glycolysis ...
... • ATP is a High E yielding molecule (7.3 kcal/mole) • Pyruvate is the END product of Glycolysis ...
attached paper highlights
... The PPAR family of transcription factors plays a major role in the expression of proteins involved in extra and intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation (FAO). All PPARs are expressed in the myocardium, although PPARa and b/d are the main cardiac isoforms. PPARa binds its obligate partn ...
... The PPAR family of transcription factors plays a major role in the expression of proteins involved in extra and intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation (FAO). All PPARs are expressed in the myocardium, although PPARa and b/d are the main cardiac isoforms. PPARa binds its obligate partn ...
farmaceutski fakultet
... cytoplasmic surface of the ER. A second enzyme, NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, transfers electrons to the CYP where it can, in the presence of O2, oxidize xenobiotic substrates, many of which are hydrophobic and dissolved in the ER. A single NADPH-CYP oxidoreductase species transfers electron ...
... cytoplasmic surface of the ER. A second enzyme, NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, transfers electrons to the CYP where it can, in the presence of O2, oxidize xenobiotic substrates, many of which are hydrophobic and dissolved in the ER. A single NADPH-CYP oxidoreductase species transfers electron ...
brv12140 - Cambridge Repository
... II. Biochemistry and evolutionary origin of the pentose phosphate pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) The L-type PPP and alternative or extended reaction sequences of the PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) The subcellular localization of the PPP and ...
... II. Biochemistry and evolutionary origin of the pentose phosphate pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) The L-type PPP and alternative or extended reaction sequences of the PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) The subcellular localization of the PPP and ...
Synergistic Effect of Essential Oils on Muscle Tissue
... can continue this type of anaerobic energy production at high rates for one to three minutes, during which time lactate can accumulate to high levels. A side effect of high lactate levels is an increase in the acidity of the muscle cells, along with disruptions of other metabolites. The same metabol ...
... can continue this type of anaerobic energy production at high rates for one to three minutes, during which time lactate can accumulate to high levels. A side effect of high lactate levels is an increase in the acidity of the muscle cells, along with disruptions of other metabolites. The same metabol ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.