CYP 2D6 Polymorphism
... „Every human differs (more or less) “ The phenotype can be distinguished by the actual activity or the amount of the expressed CYP enzyme. The genotype, however, is determined by the individual DNA sequence. Human: two sets of chromosomes That mean: The same genotype enables different phenotypes Dep ...
... „Every human differs (more or less) “ The phenotype can be distinguished by the actual activity or the amount of the expressed CYP enzyme. The genotype, however, is determined by the individual DNA sequence. Human: two sets of chromosomes That mean: The same genotype enables different phenotypes Dep ...
Text S1: General Metabolism
... roles. In summary, both X. nematophila and X. bovienii have metabolic profiles as expected for bacteria capable of being free living, host-associated, and pathogenic by turns. However, there are several unique pathways to each species, including cellobiose transport and presence of a putative virule ...
... roles. In summary, both X. nematophila and X. bovienii have metabolic profiles as expected for bacteria capable of being free living, host-associated, and pathogenic by turns. However, there are several unique pathways to each species, including cellobiose transport and presence of a putative virule ...
Rate at which glutamine enters TCA cycle influences carbon atom
... experiments. AOA is known to be a general inhibitor of aminotransferases and other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (12), but alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are the only pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes known to be important for the metabolism of glutamine. AOA has ...
... experiments. AOA is known to be a general inhibitor of aminotransferases and other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (12), but alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are the only pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes known to be important for the metabolism of glutamine. AOA has ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... A) It contains two phosphate groups. B) Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups. C) It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose. D) It contains a nitrogenous base molecule called adenine. E) It can be coupled with an exergonic reaction. Answer: D Topic: 5.13 Skill: Factual Reca ...
... A) It contains two phosphate groups. B) Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups. C) It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose. D) It contains a nitrogenous base molecule called adenine. E) It can be coupled with an exergonic reaction. Answer: D Topic: 5.13 Skill: Factual Reca ...
Renal Drug Metabolism - Pharmacological Reviews
... concentration in the plasma, V is the urine flow rate and the result (Cx) expressed in volume per unit time, e.g., ml/min. An important point is that this equation provides information on the amount of substance appearing in the urine but does not account for the portion of that substance that under ...
... concentration in the plasma, V is the urine flow rate and the result (Cx) expressed in volume per unit time, e.g., ml/min. An important point is that this equation provides information on the amount of substance appearing in the urine but does not account for the portion of that substance that under ...
Lactic acidosis - Medical School
... equivalents, across the mitochondrial membrane and the reoxi- transfer/oxidative phosphorylation pathway for complete oxidation of cytosolic NADH. The two best-studied such systems dation to CO2 and water, or it can be utilized in various are the malate/aspartate shuttle and the glycerol phosphate b ...
... equivalents, across the mitochondrial membrane and the reoxi- transfer/oxidative phosphorylation pathway for complete oxidation of cytosolic NADH. The two best-studied such systems dation to CO2 and water, or it can be utilized in various are the malate/aspartate shuttle and the glycerol phosphate b ...
novel aspects of carnitine function and metabolism
... It is generally assumed that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are oxidized in mitochondria independently from carnitine. However, the true contribution of the carnitine shuttle to the oxidation of MCFAs has remained elusive. We show that lauric acid, a MCFA, also depends on the carnitine shuttle to ...
... It is generally assumed that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are oxidized in mitochondria independently from carnitine. However, the true contribution of the carnitine shuttle to the oxidation of MCFAs has remained elusive. We show that lauric acid, a MCFA, also depends on the carnitine shuttle to ...
The Role of N- and C-terminal Amino Acids to
... thesis. Without his time and advice, this project would not have been possible. I would now like to thank my parents for their support throughout my seven years of postsecondary education. You were always there for me when I needed additional encouragement and I am forever grateful. Thank you to my ...
... thesis. Without his time and advice, this project would not have been possible. I would now like to thank my parents for their support throughout my seven years of postsecondary education. You were always there for me when I needed additional encouragement and I am forever grateful. Thank you to my ...
Glycogen branches out: new perspectives on the role of glycogen
... in the exercise intensity of the protocols. In the studies where moderate-intensity exercise without fatigue is used, the observed increases in fat oxidation may compensate for the reduction in muscle glycogenolysis in the low-starting-glycogen groups, such that glucose transport into the muscle was ...
... in the exercise intensity of the protocols. In the studies where moderate-intensity exercise without fatigue is used, the observed increases in fat oxidation may compensate for the reduction in muscle glycogenolysis in the low-starting-glycogen groups, such that glucose transport into the muscle was ...
Metabolism of [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine by
... indicating that the mycelium did not retain labelled amino acids in the apoplastic space. Part of the radioactivity removed from the feeding solution could not be found inside the mycelium (Tables 1 and 2). This proportion increased with time and may be due to formation of volatile compounds in the ...
... indicating that the mycelium did not retain labelled amino acids in the apoplastic space. Part of the radioactivity removed from the feeding solution could not be found inside the mycelium (Tables 1 and 2). This proportion increased with time and may be due to formation of volatile compounds in the ...
vitamin b-complex
... Vit B5 (Pantothenic Acid) - maintenance 2-25 mg Vit B5 - RDA none established Vit B5 - toxic none Vit B5 - all plants and animals. Poultry, fish, and whole grains Vit B5 - is needed for energy metabolism, and the formation of hormones Vit B5 - is needed for the metabolism of energy from fat and carb ...
... Vit B5 (Pantothenic Acid) - maintenance 2-25 mg Vit B5 - RDA none established Vit B5 - toxic none Vit B5 - all plants and animals. Poultry, fish, and whole grains Vit B5 - is needed for energy metabolism, and the formation of hormones Vit B5 - is needed for the metabolism of energy from fat and carb ...
Unsaturated and Odd-Chain Fatty Acid Catabolism
... Vitamin B12 is not synthesized by animals or plants. Only a few species of bacteria synthesize this complex coenzyme. Carnivorous animals easily obtain sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 from meat. Herbivorous animals depend on their intestinal bacteria to synthesize vitamin B12 for them. Vitamin B12 ...
... Vitamin B12 is not synthesized by animals or plants. Only a few species of bacteria synthesize this complex coenzyme. Carnivorous animals easily obtain sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 from meat. Herbivorous animals depend on their intestinal bacteria to synthesize vitamin B12 for them. Vitamin B12 ...
PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE BY
... to produce pyruvate by resting cell method (Izumi et al. 1982, Moriguchi et al. 1984). Although the culture times of resting cell processes were shorter than direct fermentative methods, cells still require cultivation, separation from growth medium, and washing before the production phase. Some res ...
... to produce pyruvate by resting cell method (Izumi et al. 1982, Moriguchi et al. 1984). Although the culture times of resting cell processes were shorter than direct fermentative methods, cells still require cultivation, separation from growth medium, and washing before the production phase. Some res ...
Acute hibernation decreases myocardial pyruvate carboxylation and
... latter was calculated from the myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇O2) and the stoichiometric relationships between oxygen consumption and citrate formation from fat and carbohydrate as previously described (21). Statistical analysis. Data are presented as means ⫾ SE. The hemodynamic variables were co ...
... latter was calculated from the myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇O2) and the stoichiometric relationships between oxygen consumption and citrate formation from fat and carbohydrate as previously described (21). Statistical analysis. Data are presented as means ⫾ SE. The hemodynamic variables were co ...
Propionic Acid Degradation by Syntrophic Bacteria During
... involved microorganisms. Sulfate was determined as the most successful electron acceptor. A tri-culture was isolated from a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) during growth on propionate with sulfate addition. This consisted of three morphologically different organisms: Syntrophobacter-like lem ...
... involved microorganisms. Sulfate was determined as the most successful electron acceptor. A tri-culture was isolated from a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) during growth on propionate with sulfate addition. This consisted of three morphologically different organisms: Syntrophobacter-like lem ...
Engineering the pentose phosphate pathway of
... organic matter, such as cereal or non-cereal plants and agricultural and municipal solid waste, to energy and value added products (Fernando et al. 2006, Kamm and Kamm 2007, Ragauskas et al. 2006). Biorefineries utilize “white biotechnology” (http://www.europabio.org/white_biotech.htm) aiming at mor ...
... organic matter, such as cereal or non-cereal plants and agricultural and municipal solid waste, to energy and value added products (Fernando et al. 2006, Kamm and Kamm 2007, Ragauskas et al. 2006). Biorefineries utilize “white biotechnology” (http://www.europabio.org/white_biotech.htm) aiming at mor ...
Full-Text PDF
... including (i) the creation of different local environments that facilitate specific metabolic functions; (ii) the sequestering of reaction intermediates and potentially toxic metabolites; and (iii) the ability to perform specific functions without interfering with other cellular processes [1]. Howev ...
... including (i) the creation of different local environments that facilitate specific metabolic functions; (ii) the sequestering of reaction intermediates and potentially toxic metabolites; and (iii) the ability to perform specific functions without interfering with other cellular processes [1]. Howev ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
... molecule that is used by different pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism (Sirtuins), response to oxidative stress (PARP, Sirtuins) and Ca2+ signaling (CD38), setting NAD+ as a major regulatory hub directly interfacing energy metabolism and cellular functions (Figure 1). NAD+-depen ...
... molecule that is used by different pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism (Sirtuins), response to oxidative stress (PARP, Sirtuins) and Ca2+ signaling (CD38), setting NAD+ as a major regulatory hub directly interfacing energy metabolism and cellular functions (Figure 1). NAD+-depen ...
Electron Transport Chains of Lactic Acid Bacteria
... processes, at the cost of ATP. In particular the ability of the ATPase to efficiently export protons is an important system to maintain intracellular pH-homeostasis (32). Branched ETC of Escherichia coli Aerobic respiration is a complex process in which a great number of electron donors and electron ...
... processes, at the cost of ATP. In particular the ability of the ATPase to efficiently export protons is an important system to maintain intracellular pH-homeostasis (32). Branched ETC of Escherichia coli Aerobic respiration is a complex process in which a great number of electron donors and electron ...
inclusion of a glycogen regulation mathematical model into a
... While we generally eat infrequently, metabolic processes within our body tightly regulate blood glucose levels. The metabolic system is comprised of various tissues, each of which contains specific regulatory pathways that determine the function of the tissue within the system. ...
... While we generally eat infrequently, metabolic processes within our body tightly regulate blood glucose levels. The metabolic system is comprised of various tissues, each of which contains specific regulatory pathways that determine the function of the tissue within the system. ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.