Cellular Respiration
... flowing through the ATP synthase “turbine” can generate energy that is used to combine ADP and Pi to form ATP. Since H+ has built up at high levels in the intermembrane space, it flows through ATP synthase into the matrix from its area of high concentration to its area of low concentration. As H+ fl ...
... flowing through the ATP synthase “turbine” can generate energy that is used to combine ADP and Pi to form ATP. Since H+ has built up at high levels in the intermembrane space, it flows through ATP synthase into the matrix from its area of high concentration to its area of low concentration. As H+ fl ...
Cellular Respiration
... Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen •Fermentation When oxygen is not present, fermentation follows glycolysis, regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. •Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, bacteria and other animals covert pyruvate to lactic acid. Makes things SOUR! • ...
... Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen •Fermentation When oxygen is not present, fermentation follows glycolysis, regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. •Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, bacteria and other animals covert pyruvate to lactic acid. Makes things SOUR! • ...
Nutritional Requirements in Fermentation
... Photoautotrophic organisms are dependenton light as an energy source and employ CO, as the principal carbon source. This category includes higher plants, eucaryotic algae, blue green algae, and certain photosynthetic bacteria (the purple and green sulfur bacteria). Photoheterotrophic organisms are a ...
... Photoautotrophic organisms are dependenton light as an energy source and employ CO, as the principal carbon source. This category includes higher plants, eucaryotic algae, blue green algae, and certain photosynthetic bacteria (the purple and green sulfur bacteria). Photoheterotrophic organisms are a ...
Citric Acid Cycle - University of California, Berkeley
... combined with ketone. Methyl carbon of acetylCoA attack the electron poor ketone carbon of oxaloacetate. You have to abstract a proton, so you produce a carbanion here. The carbanion will attack this oxaloacetate carbonyl carbon. To produce carbanion, the enzyme uses the general acid/base mechanism ...
... combined with ketone. Methyl carbon of acetylCoA attack the electron poor ketone carbon of oxaloacetate. You have to abstract a proton, so you produce a carbanion here. The carbanion will attack this oxaloacetate carbonyl carbon. To produce carbanion, the enzyme uses the general acid/base mechanism ...
AP Biology
... 21. Why do fats provide a little more than twice as many calories per gram as compared to carbohydrates or proteins? Hint: Think of the output of the Citric Acid Cycle. ...
... 21. Why do fats provide a little more than twice as many calories per gram as compared to carbohydrates or proteins? Hint: Think of the output of the Citric Acid Cycle. ...
Cellular Respiration
... organic molecules into simpler products Some energy used for work; the rest is released as heat Catabolic Pathway: releases stored energy ...
... organic molecules into simpler products Some energy used for work; the rest is released as heat Catabolic Pathway: releases stored energy ...
Cortisone is an injectable anti-inflammatory medication that has
... Swelling causes inability to move joints, and is a natural method of immobilization. Swelling causes us to avoid using or touching the painful area, so as to rest the part involved. Inflammation is not a disease, but a localized reaction of body tissues to injury, trauma, surgery, or overuse. What c ...
... Swelling causes inability to move joints, and is a natural method of immobilization. Swelling causes us to avoid using or touching the painful area, so as to rest the part involved. Inflammation is not a disease, but a localized reaction of body tissues to injury, trauma, surgery, or overuse. What c ...
Flashback - Max-Planck
... Warburg, who would later be known for his discoveries on the development of cancer cells, and became Founding Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Cell Physiology in Berlin in 1930. It was under Warburg’s influence that Meyerhof’s interest in muscle metabolism was kindled, and this formed th ...
... Warburg, who would later be known for his discoveries on the development of cancer cells, and became Founding Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Cell Physiology in Berlin in 1930. It was under Warburg’s influence that Meyerhof’s interest in muscle metabolism was kindled, and this formed th ...
Practice Cellular Respiration Test
... _____ 18. What is the purpose of oxygen (O2) in aerobic respiration? a) Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain b) Oxygen is necessary to carry away the waste carbon dioxide c) Oxygen is used in the formation of sugar molecules d) The oxygen molecule becomes part of the A ...
... _____ 18. What is the purpose of oxygen (O2) in aerobic respiration? a) Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain b) Oxygen is necessary to carry away the waste carbon dioxide c) Oxygen is used in the formation of sugar molecules d) The oxygen molecule becomes part of the A ...
Document
... by photosynthetic light reactions. 9.1 An Overview of Metabolism Metabolism may be divided into two major parts. In catabolism larger and more complex molecules are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules with the release of energy. Some of this energy is trapped and made available for work; the ...
... by photosynthetic light reactions. 9.1 An Overview of Metabolism Metabolism may be divided into two major parts. In catabolism larger and more complex molecules are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules with the release of energy. Some of this energy is trapped and made available for work; the ...
Acid – base balance
... Extracellular pH is higher by 0.5 to 0.6 pH units and this represents about a 4-fold gradient favouring the exit of hydrogen ion from the cell to maintain it at a stable value because of the powerful effects of intracellular [H+] on metabolism ...
... Extracellular pH is higher by 0.5 to 0.6 pH units and this represents about a 4-fold gradient favouring the exit of hydrogen ion from the cell to maintain it at a stable value because of the powerful effects of intracellular [H+] on metabolism ...
Cellular Respiration
... In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduction form ...
... In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduction form ...
Lipoic Acid 100 mg The Universal Antioxidant
... to be necessary for the normal transport of blood glucose into the cell. This may be explained by its functions in the glucose-metabolizing enzymes, PDH and alpha-KGDH, but some researchers suspect a more direct role in cellular glucose uptake at the cell membrane. As early as 1959, alpha-lipoic aci ...
... to be necessary for the normal transport of blood glucose into the cell. This may be explained by its functions in the glucose-metabolizing enzymes, PDH and alpha-KGDH, but some researchers suspect a more direct role in cellular glucose uptake at the cell membrane. As early as 1959, alpha-lipoic aci ...
Metabolism
... 4. Describe how enzymes act as catalysts of reactions with reference to the reaction catalysed by lysozyme. In a biological setting, most energetically favourable reactions will not occur at a rate useful for life, unless catalysed by enzymes. Enzymes function by lowering the barriers that block a p ...
... 4. Describe how enzymes act as catalysts of reactions with reference to the reaction catalysed by lysozyme. In a biological setting, most energetically favourable reactions will not occur at a rate useful for life, unless catalysed by enzymes. Enzymes function by lowering the barriers that block a p ...
6-1
... In the process, pyruvic acid is reduced to either lactic acid or ethanol or another organic molecule. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... In the process, pyruvic acid is reduced to either lactic acid or ethanol or another organic molecule. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
citric acid cycle
... the urea cycle from carbamoyl phosphate (step 1), formed in the matrix; the other (entering at step 2) is derived from aspartate, also formed in the matrix via transamination of oxaloacetate and glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by aspartate aminotransferase. The urea cycle itself consists of four s ...
... the urea cycle from carbamoyl phosphate (step 1), formed in the matrix; the other (entering at step 2) is derived from aspartate, also formed in the matrix via transamination of oxaloacetate and glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by aspartate aminotransferase. The urea cycle itself consists of four s ...
Oxidative phosphorylation RESP312
... Protons reenter (goes back) the mitochondrial matrix by passing through a channel in the complex V (ATP synthase complex) giving an energy that are required for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Oligomycin binds to ATP synthase closing the H+ channel preventing reentry of protons to the matrix & th ...
... Protons reenter (goes back) the mitochondrial matrix by passing through a channel in the complex V (ATP synthase complex) giving an energy that are required for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Oligomycin binds to ATP synthase closing the H+ channel preventing reentry of protons to the matrix & th ...
High-resolution analysis of metabolic cycles in the intertidal mussel
... additional ATP and aids in acid-base balance via the production of bicarbonate (24, 30). Studies into these pathways indicate that these end-products produce a greater amount of ATP per unit of glucose, and produce less metabolic protons, compared with the chief anaerobic pathway in vertebrates in w ...
... additional ATP and aids in acid-base balance via the production of bicarbonate (24, 30). Studies into these pathways indicate that these end-products produce a greater amount of ATP per unit of glucose, and produce less metabolic protons, compared with the chief anaerobic pathway in vertebrates in w ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.