Macromolecules
... Four Levels of Protein Structure • Secondary Structure Folded structure due to hydrogen bonds between the amino and acid groups of amino acids ...
... Four Levels of Protein Structure • Secondary Structure Folded structure due to hydrogen bonds between the amino and acid groups of amino acids ...
3. GLYCOLYSIS
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
Document
... • Phospholipids make up all cell membranes. – Polar phosphate “head” – Nonpolar fatty acid “tails” Phospholipid ...
... • Phospholipids make up all cell membranes. – Polar phosphate “head” – Nonpolar fatty acid “tails” Phospholipid ...
Summary of glycolysis (Embden
... 1. It is the only pathway that is taking place in all the cells (cytoplasm) of the body. 2. Glycolysis is the only source of energy in erythrocytes. 3. In strenuous exercise, when muscle tissue lacks enough oxygen, anaerobic glycolysis forms the major source of energy for muscles. 4. The glycolytic ...
... 1. It is the only pathway that is taking place in all the cells (cytoplasm) of the body. 2. Glycolysis is the only source of energy in erythrocytes. 3. In strenuous exercise, when muscle tissue lacks enough oxygen, anaerobic glycolysis forms the major source of energy for muscles. 4. The glycolytic ...
Thermoregulation contributes to homeostasis and involves anatomy
... • Thermoregulation is the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range. • This ability is critical to survival, because most biochemical and physiological processes are very sensitive to changes in body temperature. • The rates of most enzyme-mediated reactions ...
... • Thermoregulation is the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range. • This ability is critical to survival, because most biochemical and physiological processes are very sensitive to changes in body temperature. • The rates of most enzyme-mediated reactions ...
Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration
... Scientists think that glycolysis evolved before the other stages of cellular respiration. This is because the other stages need oxygen, whereas glycolysis does not, and there was no oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere when life first evolved about 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. Cellular respiration that proce ...
... Scientists think that glycolysis evolved before the other stages of cellular respiration. This is because the other stages need oxygen, whereas glycolysis does not, and there was no oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere when life first evolved about 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. Cellular respiration that proce ...
Final Review - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... be broken down into usable energy. It’s part of a larger process called cellular respiration. Glycolysis -the simple sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol Pyruvate, the product from glycolysis, is transformed into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria in preparation for the next step The citric acid ...
... be broken down into usable energy. It’s part of a larger process called cellular respiration. Glycolysis -the simple sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol Pyruvate, the product from glycolysis, is transformed into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria in preparation for the next step The citric acid ...
8 Cellular Respiration-An Overview
... Read This! Glucose, or any carbon-based molecule, can be burned in oxygen (oxidized) to produce carbon dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work ...
... Read This! Glucose, or any carbon-based molecule, can be burned in oxygen (oxidized) to produce carbon dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work ...
Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... converted to fatty acyl CoA on the outer mitochodrial membrane by an ezyme called Fatty acyl CoA synthase (also called thiokinase). This reaction is coupled with ATP hydrolysis to AMP, and ...
... converted to fatty acyl CoA on the outer mitochodrial membrane by an ezyme called Fatty acyl CoA synthase (also called thiokinase). This reaction is coupled with ATP hydrolysis to AMP, and ...
Metabolic Acidosis
... • Calculated osmolality is 269 and osmolal gap is 411 indicating the presence of a large number of unmeasured osmoles • NH4 was 120 mmol/L in the urine indicating normal response to acidosis • -HB acid level is 234 mmol/L • Thus acidosis was not evident because of ...
... • Calculated osmolality is 269 and osmolal gap is 411 indicating the presence of a large number of unmeasured osmoles • NH4 was 120 mmol/L in the urine indicating normal response to acidosis • -HB acid level is 234 mmol/L • Thus acidosis was not evident because of ...
Metabolic Impairment in Heart Failure
... metabolism and increasing glucose oxidation. ADP ¼ adenosine diphosphate; ATP ¼ adenosine triphosphate; CPT ¼ carnitine palmitoyltransferase; Cr ¼ free creatine; FA ¼ fatty acid; FFA ¼ free fatty acids; G6P ¼ glucose-6-phosphate; GLUT4 ¼ glucose transporter 4; HK ¼ hexokinase; LPL ¼ ...
... metabolism and increasing glucose oxidation. ADP ¼ adenosine diphosphate; ATP ¼ adenosine triphosphate; CPT ¼ carnitine palmitoyltransferase; Cr ¼ free creatine; FA ¼ fatty acid; FFA ¼ free fatty acids; G6P ¼ glucose-6-phosphate; GLUT4 ¼ glucose transporter 4; HK ¼ hexokinase; LPL ¼ ...
Biochemistry
... It takes 138 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 90 hours, the study of experimental skill needs 48 hours. ...
... It takes 138 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 90 hours, the study of experimental skill needs 48 hours. ...
Enzymes 1 and 2
... • Substrate may also have ionizable groups • Enzymes are usually active only over a limited range of pH • The effects of pH may be due to effects on Km or Vmax or both ...
... • Substrate may also have ionizable groups • Enzymes are usually active only over a limited range of pH • The effects of pH may be due to effects on Km or Vmax or both ...
Enzymes
... • Some enzymes reside in specific organelles, such as enzymes for cellular respiration being located in ...
... • Some enzymes reside in specific organelles, such as enzymes for cellular respiration being located in ...
Modeling of Protein-Small Molecule Complexes
... tetrahedan carbon is 109 degrees. Perhaps the widened angle is from other amino acids causing the bond angle to stretch. The “Stretch-Bend” is the energy required to stretch the two bonds involved in a bond angle when that bond angle is severely compressed. This value did not make a large impact on ...
... tetrahedan carbon is 109 degrees. Perhaps the widened angle is from other amino acids causing the bond angle to stretch. The “Stretch-Bend” is the energy required to stretch the two bonds involved in a bond angle when that bond angle is severely compressed. This value did not make a large impact on ...
Metabolism: the Degradation and Synthesis of Living Cells
... How to study Biochemistry II • Compare and relate the chemical reactions (the substrates, the products and the type of conversion) enzymes, coenzymes, physiological roles, ways of regulation involved, etc. (This must be similar/related to that!) • Understand the classical experiments and thoughts t ...
... How to study Biochemistry II • Compare and relate the chemical reactions (the substrates, the products and the type of conversion) enzymes, coenzymes, physiological roles, ways of regulation involved, etc. (This must be similar/related to that!) • Understand the classical experiments and thoughts t ...
Interaction
... compound when it complexed with the protein and when it is energy-minimized in the gas phase. The two total steric hindrances were 79.763 kcal/mole and 25.773 kcal/mol. There is much less steric energy in the 2nd hetero compound versus the compound complexed in the protein. This is to be expected be ...
... compound when it complexed with the protein and when it is energy-minimized in the gas phase. The two total steric hindrances were 79.763 kcal/mole and 25.773 kcal/mol. There is much less steric energy in the 2nd hetero compound versus the compound complexed in the protein. This is to be expected be ...
info and study guide
... structure of ATP synthase, binding-change mechanism, purpose of shuttles, P/O ratio, uncouplers Glycogen metabolism: reciprocal regulation, structure of glycogen affects formation/degradation, regulation of phosphorylase in muscle and liver, regulation of glycogen synthase and role of PP1 Pentose ph ...
... structure of ATP synthase, binding-change mechanism, purpose of shuttles, P/O ratio, uncouplers Glycogen metabolism: reciprocal regulation, structure of glycogen affects formation/degradation, regulation of phosphorylase in muscle and liver, regulation of glycogen synthase and role of PP1 Pentose ph ...
14. Fitness
... Low intensity activities can clear lactic acid from the blood. During highly intense activities lactic acid accumulates and activity can only be maintained for 1-3 minutes. Lactate is converted to glucose in the liver (Cori cycle). ...
... Low intensity activities can clear lactic acid from the blood. During highly intense activities lactic acid accumulates and activity can only be maintained for 1-3 minutes. Lactate is converted to glucose in the liver (Cori cycle). ...
FATTY ACID OXIDATION Fatty acids are oxidized in several tissues
... After uptake by the cell, fatty acids are activated by conversion into their CoA derivatives—acyl CoA is formed. For channeling into the mitochondria, the acyl residues are first transferred to carnitine and then transported across the inner membrane as acyl carnitine. The degradation of the fatty a ...
... After uptake by the cell, fatty acids are activated by conversion into their CoA derivatives—acyl CoA is formed. For channeling into the mitochondria, the acyl residues are first transferred to carnitine and then transported across the inner membrane as acyl carnitine. The degradation of the fatty a ...
Fatty acids in food supplements: Can you assume what you
... Objective 3: Determine the molecular structures of the fatty acids and their distributions In order to determine the distributions of individual fatty acids in your saponified extract, you will need to use a technique that combines a separation component with a detection method. From your Session 2 ...
... Objective 3: Determine the molecular structures of the fatty acids and their distributions In order to determine the distributions of individual fatty acids in your saponified extract, you will need to use a technique that combines a separation component with a detection method. From your Session 2 ...
biology exam review - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... c) Exchanges of substances at the membrane surface would take too long to diffuse throughout the interior of the cell. d) Both the first and second answers are correct. 4. In what manner do molecules such as proteins and RNA enter into or exit from the nucleus? a) diffusion through the lipid bilayer ...
... c) Exchanges of substances at the membrane surface would take too long to diffuse throughout the interior of the cell. d) Both the first and second answers are correct. 4. In what manner do molecules such as proteins and RNA enter into or exit from the nucleus? a) diffusion through the lipid bilayer ...
1 - TechnionMed
... allows storage of nutrients. produces water. increases carbon dioxide level in the blood. raises the oxygen level in the blood. produces heat. ...
... allows storage of nutrients. produces water. increases carbon dioxide level in the blood. raises the oxygen level in the blood. produces heat. ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative
... no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
... no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.