Metabolism, Energy and Life - 1 Thousands of chemical reactions
... (and hopefully healthy). Monomers are assembled into the macromolecules we need for cell structure and function. Fuel molecules are oxidized during cell respiration to provide the energy to do cell work. Substances are synthesized and then secreted from specialized cells to be used in other parts of ...
... (and hopefully healthy). Monomers are assembled into the macromolecules we need for cell structure and function. Fuel molecules are oxidized during cell respiration to provide the energy to do cell work. Substances are synthesized and then secreted from specialized cells to be used in other parts of ...
Nutrients and Diet
... 1 kJ is the amount of energy required to raise temp. of 1kg of water by 1oC (calorimeter). 1g carbohydrate = 16kJ of energy / 1g protein = 17 kJ/ 1g fat = 38 kJ 1g alcohol = 29kJ! Daily food intake should contain enough kJ energy to keep all internal activities in the body going and also enoug ...
... 1 kJ is the amount of energy required to raise temp. of 1kg of water by 1oC (calorimeter). 1g carbohydrate = 16kJ of energy / 1g protein = 17 kJ/ 1g fat = 38 kJ 1g alcohol = 29kJ! Daily food intake should contain enough kJ energy to keep all internal activities in the body going and also enoug ...
Enzymes: Introduction notes
... Some enzymes need cofactors (inorganic ions or organic/metalloorganic coenzymes, derived from vitamins) for their catalytic activities. – Different cofactors are useful for different kinds of chemical reactions, including transfers of specific kinds of groups or transfers of electrons. Kinetics: the ...
... Some enzymes need cofactors (inorganic ions or organic/metalloorganic coenzymes, derived from vitamins) for their catalytic activities. – Different cofactors are useful for different kinds of chemical reactions, including transfers of specific kinds of groups or transfers of electrons. Kinetics: the ...
BIOL 103 Ch5-2 for Students
... • Glucose is your primary fuel (cont.) – Sparing Body Protein • Order of Energy usage by body: _________________ ____________ ____________________ • Adequate carbohydrates prevent body from breaking down proteins to make glucose. ...
... • Glucose is your primary fuel (cont.) – Sparing Body Protein • Order of Energy usage by body: _________________ ____________ ____________________ • Adequate carbohydrates prevent body from breaking down proteins to make glucose. ...
Integrating the universal metabolism into a phylogenetic analysis
... Krebs cycle. To name pathways, prefixes ‘‘d’’ and ‘‘s’’ are used to refer to degradation and synthesis, respectively. For example, dGLN is the set of enzymatic activities involved in converting glutamine to oxoglutarate, whereas sGLN is the synthetic pathway from oxoglutarate to glutamine. When degr ...
... Krebs cycle. To name pathways, prefixes ‘‘d’’ and ‘‘s’’ are used to refer to degradation and synthesis, respectively. For example, dGLN is the set of enzymatic activities involved in converting glutamine to oxoglutarate, whereas sGLN is the synthetic pathway from oxoglutarate to glutamine. When degr ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... • Pyruvate (actually acetate) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 • Some ATP is produced • More NADH is made • NADH goes on to make more ATP in electron transport and oxidative ...
... • Pyruvate (actually acetate) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 • Some ATP is produced • More NADH is made • NADH goes on to make more ATP in electron transport and oxidative ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... This takes place in the mitochondria One carbon is lost (in the form of CO2) to form an acetyl molecule Acetyl joins to a carrier called coenzyme A to form ...
... This takes place in the mitochondria One carbon is lost (in the form of CO2) to form an acetyl molecule Acetyl joins to a carrier called coenzyme A to form ...
Respiration Power Point
... • Require anaerobic conditions and are poisoned by oxygen • Methanogens are strict anaerobes that release methane as a waste product of cellular metabolism. Many live in mud at the bottom of lakes and swamps because it lacks oxygen, and some (enteric bacteria) live in the intestinal tracts of animal ...
... • Require anaerobic conditions and are poisoned by oxygen • Methanogens are strict anaerobes that release methane as a waste product of cellular metabolism. Many live in mud at the bottom of lakes and swamps because it lacks oxygen, and some (enteric bacteria) live in the intestinal tracts of animal ...
Lipid metabolism
... ● Chylomicrons carry TAG (fat) from the intestine to the liver and adipose tissue ● VLDL carry (newly synthesized) TAG from the liver to peripheral tissues ● IDL are intermediate between VLDL and LDL ● LDL carry cholesterol from the liver to cells of the body ● HDL collects cholesterol from body´s t ...
... ● Chylomicrons carry TAG (fat) from the intestine to the liver and adipose tissue ● VLDL carry (newly synthesized) TAG from the liver to peripheral tissues ● IDL are intermediate between VLDL and LDL ● LDL carry cholesterol from the liver to cells of the body ● HDL collects cholesterol from body´s t ...
Notes CH 7 - Haiku Learning
... 1. Complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose a) Reactants: glucose and oxygen b) Many enzymes, carriers, and other molecules used in the process c) Products: CO2, water, and ATP 2. ATPs are essential because they provide the energy by which life is maintained ...
... 1. Complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose a) Reactants: glucose and oxygen b) Many enzymes, carriers, and other molecules used in the process c) Products: CO2, water, and ATP 2. ATPs are essential because they provide the energy by which life is maintained ...
+ energy
... proton) from an oxidizable substrate. The hydride ion is added to either the front (the A side) or the back (the B side) of the planar nicotinamide ring. (b) The UV absorption spectra of NAD+ and NADH. Reduction of the nicotinamide ring produces a new, broad absorption band with a maximum at 340 nm. ...
... proton) from an oxidizable substrate. The hydride ion is added to either the front (the A side) or the back (the B side) of the planar nicotinamide ring. (b) The UV absorption spectra of NAD+ and NADH. Reduction of the nicotinamide ring produces a new, broad absorption band with a maximum at 340 nm. ...
Ch. 6 ppt
... – The main way that chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP – An aerobic process—it requires oxygen ...
... – The main way that chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP – An aerobic process—it requires oxygen ...
Chapter 8 – an introduction to metabolism
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where s ...
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where s ...
Nitrogen Balance
... Free amino acids are present throughout the body, for example, in cells, blood, and the extracellular fluids. all these amino acids are belonged to a single entity, called the amino acid pool. This pool is supplied by three sources: 1) amino acids provided by the degradation of body proteins, 2) ami ...
... Free amino acids are present throughout the body, for example, in cells, blood, and the extracellular fluids. all these amino acids are belonged to a single entity, called the amino acid pool. This pool is supplied by three sources: 1) amino acids provided by the degradation of body proteins, 2) ami ...
Chapter 19 Lipid Metabolism
... 2) Can be stored without water in adipose tissue (specialized connective tissue) 3) The storage form is triacylglyceride (TAG). TAGs yield 2½ times more ATP than glycogen by weight 4) Average 70 kg person stores about 350 g of liver and muscle glycogen (1400 Cal), but store enough TAG to survive wit ...
... 2) Can be stored without water in adipose tissue (specialized connective tissue) 3) The storage form is triacylglyceride (TAG). TAGs yield 2½ times more ATP than glycogen by weight 4) Average 70 kg person stores about 350 g of liver and muscle glycogen (1400 Cal), but store enough TAG to survive wit ...
Chapter Fourteen: Metabolism: Basic Concepts and
... 31. How does a chemically coupled pathway influence metabolism? Answer: The free-energy changes of the individual steps in a pathway are summed to determine the overall free-energy change. Thus, a step that might not normally occur can be driven if it is coupled to a thermodynamically stable reactio ...
... 31. How does a chemically coupled pathway influence metabolism? Answer: The free-energy changes of the individual steps in a pathway are summed to determine the overall free-energy change. Thus, a step that might not normally occur can be driven if it is coupled to a thermodynamically stable reactio ...
Advanced Enzymology - Makerere University Courses
... Zero order kinetic in which substrate is greater than Km. As a result the velocity is constant over time and independent of substrate. Also product appears as substrate disappears with time. ...
... Zero order kinetic in which substrate is greater than Km. As a result the velocity is constant over time and independent of substrate. Also product appears as substrate disappears with time. ...
Chap 76 - Thyroid Metabolic Hormones
... 1. 80% with thyroxine-binding globulin 2. 10 - 15% with thyroxine - binding prealbumin 3. remainder with albumin B. half-life of thyroxine is 15 days, may have effects up to 2 months C. half-life of triiodothyronine is 6 to 12 hours with activity up to 2 to 3 days ...
... 1. 80% with thyroxine-binding globulin 2. 10 - 15% with thyroxine - binding prealbumin 3. remainder with albumin B. half-life of thyroxine is 15 days, may have effects up to 2 months C. half-life of triiodothyronine is 6 to 12 hours with activity up to 2 to 3 days ...
Kreb`s cycle - Secondary Education
... energy that a cell can extract from each molecule of glucose. In the presence of oxygen, everything changes. As Figure 9–8 shows, the Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule, in addition to the 2 ATP molecules obtained from glycolysis. ...
... energy that a cell can extract from each molecule of glucose. In the presence of oxygen, everything changes. As Figure 9–8 shows, the Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule, in addition to the 2 ATP molecules obtained from glycolysis. ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Being small and water-soluble, ketone bodies serve as important metabolic fuels for tissues such as the: (1) Heart (virtually no glycogen reserves)—since heart primarily relies on fatty acids for energy production, ketone bodies serve as an alternative source of fuel that can be readily “burned” v ...
... - Being small and water-soluble, ketone bodies serve as important metabolic fuels for tissues such as the: (1) Heart (virtually no glycogen reserves)—since heart primarily relies on fatty acids for energy production, ketone bodies serve as an alternative source of fuel that can be readily “burned” v ...
Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality
... beyond its current dimensions would significantly diminish locomotor performance. The OD hypothesis suggests that the sexual dimorphism evident in human pelves evolved because childbirth in Pleistocene hominins was difficult and dangerous, and selection favored a wider pelvis to lower the risks associ ...
... beyond its current dimensions would significantly diminish locomotor performance. The OD hypothesis suggests that the sexual dimorphism evident in human pelves evolved because childbirth in Pleistocene hominins was difficult and dangerous, and selection favored a wider pelvis to lower the risks associ ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.