Respiration
... • As electrons are moved from carriers with high energy to carriers with low energy, energy is released • Some of this energy is used to move protons across the membrane (ATP synthase) to generate ATP • Net gain of 28-32 ATP ...
... • As electrons are moved from carriers with high energy to carriers with low energy, energy is released • Some of this energy is used to move protons across the membrane (ATP synthase) to generate ATP • Net gain of 28-32 ATP ...
power pack 4 - WordPress.com
... The toxin produced by the Mushroom Amanita. It inhibits RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes and inhibits mRNA synthesis. Amanita poisoning causes liver failure, so that new enzymes cannot be synthesized after the degradation of enzymes by the liver. ENHANCERS These are gene specific sequences that posit ...
... The toxin produced by the Mushroom Amanita. It inhibits RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes and inhibits mRNA synthesis. Amanita poisoning causes liver failure, so that new enzymes cannot be synthesized after the degradation of enzymes by the liver. ENHANCERS These are gene specific sequences that posit ...
Metabolism
... Uses of nutrients • Carbohydrate: Primary energy molecule. Also found on cell membranes and as part of structure of connective tissue matrix molecules • Lipid: Energy storage, plasma membrane structure, cushioning, steroid hormones. • Proteins: Enzymes, receptors, hormones, structures of all kinds. ...
... Uses of nutrients • Carbohydrate: Primary energy molecule. Also found on cell membranes and as part of structure of connective tissue matrix molecules • Lipid: Energy storage, plasma membrane structure, cushioning, steroid hormones. • Proteins: Enzymes, receptors, hormones, structures of all kinds. ...
Transition
... • Transition states are bound more tightly than substrates (this also lowers the activation energy) ...
... • Transition states are bound more tightly than substrates (this also lowers the activation energy) ...
Amino Acids
... Amino Acids • Amino acids are building blocks for proteins • They have a central α-carbon and α-amino and αcarboxyl groups • 20 different amino acids • Same core structure, but different side group (R) • The α-C is chiral (except glycine); proteins contain only L-isoforms. • Amino acids are ampholyt ...
... Amino Acids • Amino acids are building blocks for proteins • They have a central α-carbon and α-amino and αcarboxyl groups • 20 different amino acids • Same core structure, but different side group (R) • The α-C is chiral (except glycine); proteins contain only L-isoforms. • Amino acids are ampholyt ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... • What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond? ...
... • What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond? ...
Nutrients
... into simpler ones; reactions and are considered exergonic (gives off energy) and produces more energy than they consume Anabolism – combining small organic compounds into larger ones; reactions are endergonic (requires energy) and consume more energy than they produce Chemical reactions of living sy ...
... into simpler ones; reactions and are considered exergonic (gives off energy) and produces more energy than they consume Anabolism – combining small organic compounds into larger ones; reactions are endergonic (requires energy) and consume more energy than they produce Chemical reactions of living sy ...
Biochemistry
... (3) Characteristics of enzymatic reactions: highly efficient, high specificity, the regulation of the enzyme (4) Moleculare constituents of enzyme : simple enzyme and conjugated enzyme, the conception of holoenzyme、apoenzyme 、prosthetic groups (5) Nomenclature of enzyme : customary and systematic no ...
... (3) Characteristics of enzymatic reactions: highly efficient, high specificity, the regulation of the enzyme (4) Moleculare constituents of enzyme : simple enzyme and conjugated enzyme, the conception of holoenzyme、apoenzyme 、prosthetic groups (5) Nomenclature of enzyme : customary and systematic no ...
BIOCHEMISTRY Class Notes Summary Table of Contents 1.0
... hydrogenated oil and is used to make margarine. Saturated fats can be used by the body to make cholesterol. Cholesterol comes in two forms bad cholesterol which cause plaque in the arteries, and good cholesterol which is needed for proper cellular functions. So people who must keep control of the ch ...
... hydrogenated oil and is used to make margarine. Saturated fats can be used by the body to make cholesterol. Cholesterol comes in two forms bad cholesterol which cause plaque in the arteries, and good cholesterol which is needed for proper cellular functions. So people who must keep control of the ch ...
Chpt14_Translation.doc
... Fig. 3.5.4. 3-D structure of Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase The two classes of enzymes do not resemble each other much at all, in either sequence or 3-D structure, leading to the suggestion that they have evolved separately. If so, this would imply that an early form of life may have evolved using the t ...
... Fig. 3.5.4. 3-D structure of Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase The two classes of enzymes do not resemble each other much at all, in either sequence or 3-D structure, leading to the suggestion that they have evolved separately. If so, this would imply that an early form of life may have evolved using the t ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... 1. Fats are highly reduced hydrocarbons with a large energy of oxidation. 2. Fats are insoluble molecules that aggregate into droplets. They are unsolvated and no storage mass is water. 3. Fats are chemically inert. They can be stored without fear of unfavorable reactions. ...
... 1. Fats are highly reduced hydrocarbons with a large energy of oxidation. 2. Fats are insoluble molecules that aggregate into droplets. They are unsolvated and no storage mass is water. 3. Fats are chemically inert. They can be stored without fear of unfavorable reactions. ...
Amino Acids - Abbott Nutrition
... Direction of ribosome movement Base pairing of mRNA is always A with U and G with C. Abbreviations: A, adenine; C, cytosine; Cys, cysteine; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; G, guanine; Gln, glutamine; Met, methionine; Phe, phenylalanine; Tyr, tyrosine; U, uracil. Berg JM, et al. Biochemistry. 5th ed. New ...
... Direction of ribosome movement Base pairing of mRNA is always A with U and G with C. Abbreviations: A, adenine; C, cytosine; Cys, cysteine; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; G, guanine; Gln, glutamine; Met, methionine; Phe, phenylalanine; Tyr, tyrosine; U, uracil. Berg JM, et al. Biochemistry. 5th ed. New ...
Chapters 19-21 review
... one bacterium to another through viral infection is called ____________________ ...
... one bacterium to another through viral infection is called ____________________ ...
IR L Pre» Limited, Oxford, England. 3021
... initiation sites in eukaryotic mRNAs tend to conform to the ...
... initiation sites in eukaryotic mRNAs tend to conform to the ...
Intro to Matter Intro to BioMolecules
... peroxide to break down into water and oxygen more rapidly than it would otherwise) ...
... peroxide to break down into water and oxygen more rapidly than it would otherwise) ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... aerobically. Anaerobically, glucose is incompletely broken down (glycolysis) into lactic acid and small amounts of ATP. Aerobically, glucose is broken down completely (citric acid cycle) into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and large amounts of energy (ATP). Glucose can be synthesized from nong ...
... aerobically. Anaerobically, glucose is incompletely broken down (glycolysis) into lactic acid and small amounts of ATP. Aerobically, glucose is broken down completely (citric acid cycle) into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and large amounts of energy (ATP). Glucose can be synthesized from nong ...
Enzymes involved in DNA replication Enzyme Role Helicase or
... 1. Primase reads DNA template and attaches a short complementary RNA primer § Each fragment requires a new primer 2. DNA pol III extends primed segments – forms Okazaki fragments 3. DNA pol I performs “n ...
... 1. Primase reads DNA template and attaches a short complementary RNA primer § Each fragment requires a new primer 2. DNA pol III extends primed segments – forms Okazaki fragments 3. DNA pol I performs “n ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.