Nucleic Acids Research
... into account: (i) conformity to previous IUPAC-IUB nomenclature [1]; (ii) logical derivation; (iii) ease of memorisation; (iv) availability of symbols on a standard typewriter keyboard; (v) historical precedence. 3.1 Guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine: G, A, T, C These one-letter symbols have previ ...
... into account: (i) conformity to previous IUPAC-IUB nomenclature [1]; (ii) logical derivation; (iii) ease of memorisation; (iv) availability of symbols on a standard typewriter keyboard; (v) historical precedence. 3.1 Guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine: G, A, T, C These one-letter symbols have previ ...
full size
... product of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions inhibits an earlier reaction in a sequence. The inhibition may be competitive or noncompetitive. ¾A proenzyme or zymogen is an inactive form of an enzyme that must have part of its polypeptide chain cleaved before it becomes active. An example is try ...
... product of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions inhibits an earlier reaction in a sequence. The inhibition may be competitive or noncompetitive. ¾A proenzyme or zymogen is an inactive form of an enzyme that must have part of its polypeptide chain cleaved before it becomes active. An example is try ...
Basic Strategies of Cell Metabolism
... involved not only in the oxidation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide for energy production, but also in the generation of a number of intermediates such as succinyl-CoA, oxalacetate and ketoglutarate, which serve as starting points for the synthesis of amino acids, porphyrins and other co ...
... involved not only in the oxidation of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide for energy production, but also in the generation of a number of intermediates such as succinyl-CoA, oxalacetate and ketoglutarate, which serve as starting points for the synthesis of amino acids, porphyrins and other co ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... (Also occurs in plants and bacteria) Uses acetyl-CoA, NADPH as starting materials Produces a pool of palmitic acid (16:0) that can be further modified ...
... (Also occurs in plants and bacteria) Uses acetyl-CoA, NADPH as starting materials Produces a pool of palmitic acid (16:0) that can be further modified ...
How an Organism`s Genotype Determines Its Phenotype How an
... • 3 and 4 are know as frameshift mutations since everything after the mutation is shifted and would likely code for a new sequence of AAs © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • 3 and 4 are know as frameshift mutations since everything after the mutation is shifted and would likely code for a new sequence of AAs © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Cas_ProteinsFinal
... binds DNA, RNA and DNA–RNA hybrid sequence non-specific in a multi-site binding mode promotes the hybridization of complementary nucleic acid ...
... binds DNA, RNA and DNA–RNA hybrid sequence non-specific in a multi-site binding mode promotes the hybridization of complementary nucleic acid ...
DNA - Santa Susana High School
... • energy powering exergonic process comes from cleaving two of the 3 Pi from the molecule ...
... • energy powering exergonic process comes from cleaving two of the 3 Pi from the molecule ...
Bio Day 3 - Edublogs
... Fill in the blanks: In a ____________________ bond, valence electrons are shared between two nonmetals. In a ____________________ bond, valence electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal. ...
... Fill in the blanks: In a ____________________ bond, valence electrons are shared between two nonmetals. In a ____________________ bond, valence electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal. ...
Chapter 22, Proteins
... ¾Emil Fischer proposed in 1902 that proteins are long chains of amino acids joined by amide bonds. The special name given to the amide bond between the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the α-amino group of another is called a peptide bond. ¾A short polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bond ...
... ¾Emil Fischer proposed in 1902 that proteins are long chains of amino acids joined by amide bonds. The special name given to the amide bond between the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the α-amino group of another is called a peptide bond. ¾A short polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bond ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
... AUG is the "start" codon. Biosynthesis of all proteins begins with methionine as the first amino C G acid. This methionine is eventually removed after A G protein synthesis is complete. ...
... AUG is the "start" codon. Biosynthesis of all proteins begins with methionine as the first amino C G acid. This methionine is eventually removed after A G protein synthesis is complete. ...
Document
... All the chemical reactions in cytoplasm take place in solution, i.e. in water Water itself takes part in many of these chemical reactions Salts of sodium, potassium and calcium and many others play an important part in these reactions ...
... All the chemical reactions in cytoplasm take place in solution, i.e. in water Water itself takes part in many of these chemical reactions Salts of sodium, potassium and calcium and many others play an important part in these reactions ...
The Chemicals of Living Things
... All the chemical reactions in cytoplasm take place in solution, i.e. in water Water itself takes part in many of these chemical reactions Salts of sodium, potassium and calcium and many others play an important part in these reactions ...
... All the chemical reactions in cytoplasm take place in solution, i.e. in water Water itself takes part in many of these chemical reactions Salts of sodium, potassium and calcium and many others play an important part in these reactions ...
Beta sheets are twisted
... loop regions connecting alpha-helical segments can have important functions e.g. EF-hand and DNA-binding EF hand loop ~ 12 residues polar and hydrophobic a.a. conserved positions Glycine is invariant at the sixth position The calcium ion is octahedrally coordinated by carboxyl side chains, main chai ...
... loop regions connecting alpha-helical segments can have important functions e.g. EF-hand and DNA-binding EF hand loop ~ 12 residues polar and hydrophobic a.a. conserved positions Glycine is invariant at the sixth position The calcium ion is octahedrally coordinated by carboxyl side chains, main chai ...
Chapter 30: Protein Synthesis
... Peptide Chain Termination Requires a GProtein Family Member • Elongation continues until the 70S ribosome encounters a “stop” codon • Release factors recognize the stop codon at the A site • Presence of release factors at A site transforms the peptidyl transferase into a hydrolase, which cleaves th ...
... Peptide Chain Termination Requires a GProtein Family Member • Elongation continues until the 70S ribosome encounters a “stop” codon • Release factors recognize the stop codon at the A site • Presence of release factors at A site transforms the peptidyl transferase into a hydrolase, which cleaves th ...
Chapter 9
... • Two nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds • Hydrogen bonds between two strands are easily broken ...
... • Two nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds • Hydrogen bonds between two strands are easily broken ...
Nucleotides, Vitamins, Cosubstrates, and Coenzymes
... BIOTIN was originally called vitamin H. Biotin serves as a coenzyme for enzymes that catalyze carboxylgroup-transfer reactions and ATP dependent carboxylation reactions (the addition of CO2). The cofactor is usually covalently linked to the enzyme by an amide bond to the amino group on a lysine side ...
... BIOTIN was originally called vitamin H. Biotin serves as a coenzyme for enzymes that catalyze carboxylgroup-transfer reactions and ATP dependent carboxylation reactions (the addition of CO2). The cofactor is usually covalently linked to the enzyme by an amide bond to the amino group on a lysine side ...
19 Dr. Nafez Abu Tarboosh Qusai Al Sharef
... carbonyl ketone group (on C 2) so the bonds around this carbon will be weaken (between c1 and c2) and C1 will leave as a carboxylic group and this is why we call it decarboxylation reaction. Thiamine is rapidly converted to its active form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in the brain and liver. ...
... carbonyl ketone group (on C 2) so the bonds around this carbon will be weaken (between c1 and c2) and C1 will leave as a carboxylic group and this is why we call it decarboxylation reaction. Thiamine is rapidly converted to its active form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in the brain and liver. ...
Section: Energy and Chemical Reactions
... Step 2: At an active site, an enzyme and a substrate interact in a way that reduces the activation energy of the reaction, making the substrate more likely to react. Step 3: The reaction is complete when products have formed. The enzyme is now free to catalyze further reactions. ...
... Step 2: At an active site, an enzyme and a substrate interact in a way that reduces the activation energy of the reaction, making the substrate more likely to react. Step 3: The reaction is complete when products have formed. The enzyme is now free to catalyze further reactions. ...
CH_18_8_Degradation_Amino_Acids
... Match each the intermediate with the amino acid that provides its carbon skeleton: pyruvate, fumarate, or ketoglutarate. A. B. C. D. ...
... Match each the intermediate with the amino acid that provides its carbon skeleton: pyruvate, fumarate, or ketoglutarate. A. B. C. D. ...
(18 pts) Pyruvate can be converted to a variety of othe
... immediate energy source for the production of ATP in each of these processes. Explain. In oxidative phosphorylation, the immediate source of energy is the proton gradient, with a higher concentration of protons on the outside of the membrane than the inside. The process of protons moving across the ...
... immediate energy source for the production of ATP in each of these processes. Explain. In oxidative phosphorylation, the immediate source of energy is the proton gradient, with a higher concentration of protons on the outside of the membrane than the inside. The process of protons moving across the ...
13. DNA Replication
... b. Leading and lagging strands Lecture: 1. Review of DNA structure DNA double helix model: DNA made of nucleotide building blocks linked into polymer chains Bases are on inside, sugars and phosphates form a backbone on outside Two strands exist in an antiparallel arrangement ...
... b. Leading and lagging strands Lecture: 1. Review of DNA structure DNA double helix model: DNA made of nucleotide building blocks linked into polymer chains Bases are on inside, sugars and phosphates form a backbone on outside Two strands exist in an antiparallel arrangement ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.