supplementary text 1
... Abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathways Past research has focused on two possible routes to ABA: (i) a ‘direct’ pathway from farnesyl pyrophosphate (fungal route) (Siewers et al. 2006), and (ii) an ‘indirect’ pathway via cleavage of a carotenoid precursor (higher plant route) (Nambara et al. 2005) ...
... Abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathways Past research has focused on two possible routes to ABA: (i) a ‘direct’ pathway from farnesyl pyrophosphate (fungal route) (Siewers et al. 2006), and (ii) an ‘indirect’ pathway via cleavage of a carotenoid precursor (higher plant route) (Nambara et al. 2005) ...
EXAM III KEY - the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
... __T___ 1) Lipids derived from cholesterol aid digestion and absorption of other lipids such as triacylglycerols. __T___ 2) Vitamins A, E and K are all isoprenoids. __F___ 3) Transport of ions and small molecules through a bacterial membrane pore requires energy from an ATP to ADP conversion. __T___ ...
... __T___ 1) Lipids derived from cholesterol aid digestion and absorption of other lipids such as triacylglycerols. __T___ 2) Vitamins A, E and K are all isoprenoids. __F___ 3) Transport of ions and small molecules through a bacterial membrane pore requires energy from an ATP to ADP conversion. __T___ ...
Biology 233
... phosphate bonds are formed using energy from catabolic reactions and broken to release energy for anabolic reactions ADP – one high energy phosphate removed (AMP – both high energy phosphates removed) ENERGY TRANSFER Oxidation-Reduction Reactions oxidation – removal of electrons (with H) (catabolis ...
... phosphate bonds are formed using energy from catabolic reactions and broken to release energy for anabolic reactions ADP – one high energy phosphate removed (AMP – both high energy phosphates removed) ENERGY TRANSFER Oxidation-Reduction Reactions oxidation – removal of electrons (with H) (catabolis ...
Patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitution
... Revising the neutral theory So we’ve now produced empirical evidence that many mutations are not neutral. Does this mean that we throw the neutral theory of molecular evolution away? Hardly. We need only modify it a little to accomodate these new observations. • Most non-synonymous substitutions are ...
... Revising the neutral theory So we’ve now produced empirical evidence that many mutations are not neutral. Does this mean that we throw the neutral theory of molecular evolution away? Hardly. We need only modify it a little to accomodate these new observations. • Most non-synonymous substitutions are ...
NUCLEOTIDES METABOLISM Nucleotide
... XO in liver, intestines (and milk) can oxidize hypoxanthine (twice) to uric acid Humans and other primates excrete uric acid in the urine, but most N goes out as urea Birds, reptiles and insects excrete uric acid and for them it is the major nitrogen excretory compound Gout occurs from accumulation ...
... XO in liver, intestines (and milk) can oxidize hypoxanthine (twice) to uric acid Humans and other primates excrete uric acid in the urine, but most N goes out as urea Birds, reptiles and insects excrete uric acid and for them it is the major nitrogen excretory compound Gout occurs from accumulation ...
Ch. 5 Enzyme Review
... a. Higher temperatures allow greater contact between enzymes and substrates; therefore, the higher the temperature the better the enzyme will function. b. Enzymes cannot function at a pH lower than 6. c. Most coenzymes are inorganic substances such as ions of iron or potassium. d. Excessive salt ion ...
... a. Higher temperatures allow greater contact between enzymes and substrates; therefore, the higher the temperature the better the enzyme will function. b. Enzymes cannot function at a pH lower than 6. c. Most coenzymes are inorganic substances such as ions of iron or potassium. d. Excessive salt ion ...
Lipid metabolism
... ● Chylomicrons carry TAG (fat) from the intestine to the liver and adipose tissue ● VLDL carry (newly synthesized) TAG from the liver to peripheral tissues ● IDL are intermediate between VLDL and LDL ● LDL carry cholesterol from the liver to cells of the body ● HDL collects cholesterol from body´s t ...
... ● Chylomicrons carry TAG (fat) from the intestine to the liver and adipose tissue ● VLDL carry (newly synthesized) TAG from the liver to peripheral tissues ● IDL are intermediate between VLDL and LDL ● LDL carry cholesterol from the liver to cells of the body ● HDL collects cholesterol from body´s t ...
Lecture 26: Overview of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
... Nucleic acids play an important role in the storage and expression of genetic information. They are divided into two major classes: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) functions solely in information storage, while ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are involved in most steps of gene expression and protein biosynthes ...
... Nucleic acids play an important role in the storage and expression of genetic information. They are divided into two major classes: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) functions solely in information storage, while ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are involved in most steps of gene expression and protein biosynthes ...
procedure
... this process the α -amino group of most amino acids is transferred to α -Ketoglutarate to form glutamate and the corresponding new α-Keto acid. Every transamination reactions are catalyzed by specified transaminase. Transaminases are widespread in each organs of organism. In this experiment, liver h ...
... this process the α -amino group of most amino acids is transferred to α -Ketoglutarate to form glutamate and the corresponding new α-Keto acid. Every transamination reactions are catalyzed by specified transaminase. Transaminases are widespread in each organs of organism. In this experiment, liver h ...
Chapter 20
... • A fat is a triglyceride from an animal source. An oil is a triglyceride from a plant source. • A nucleic acid is a molecule that carries genetic information. • DNA and RNA are the two basic types of nucleic acids. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • A fat is a triglyceride from an animal source. An oil is a triglyceride from a plant source. • A nucleic acid is a molecule that carries genetic information. • DNA and RNA are the two basic types of nucleic acids. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Amino Acids and Proteins - Portland Public Schools
... chains interact to stabilize its tertiary shape.. They include: ...
... chains interact to stabilize its tertiary shape.. They include: ...
Name: ____________ Protein Synthesis Children`s Book Due
... Protein synthesis is one of the most important processes in an organism. As you’ve learned, it creates proteins needed for an organism to function. It is also a multi-step process that some students find difficult to remember. You, however, are going to have no problem mastering it! To simplify the ...
... Protein synthesis is one of the most important processes in an organism. As you’ve learned, it creates proteins needed for an organism to function. It is also a multi-step process that some students find difficult to remember. You, however, are going to have no problem mastering it! To simplify the ...
Biological monomers and polymers (1)
... The ENZYMES are the driving force behind all biochemical reactions happening in cells. Enzymes lower the energy barrier between reactants and products, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts. A catalyst is a species that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction ...
... The ENZYMES are the driving force behind all biochemical reactions happening in cells. Enzymes lower the energy barrier between reactants and products, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts. A catalyst is a species that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.