2.1 i. Explain the difference between atomic number and mass
... Explain covalent bonding. Draw a Lewis diagram for one covalently bonded molecule Define electronegativity Explain the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds. Give an example of a polar molecule. Explain hydrogen bonding. What does it mean for water to have a high heat capacity? ...
... Explain covalent bonding. Draw a Lewis diagram for one covalently bonded molecule Define electronegativity Explain the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds. Give an example of a polar molecule. Explain hydrogen bonding. What does it mean for water to have a high heat capacity? ...
C8eBookCh05LegendsTables Щ Figure 5.1 Why do scientists study
... Figure 5.14 Bilayer structure formed by self-assembly of phospholipids in an aqueous environment. The phospholipid bilayer shown here is the main fabric of biological membranes. Note that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids are in contact with water in this structure, whereas the hydrophobi ...
... Figure 5.14 Bilayer structure formed by self-assembly of phospholipids in an aqueous environment. The phospholipid bilayer shown here is the main fabric of biological membranes. Note that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids are in contact with water in this structure, whereas the hydrophobi ...
Efficient Sampling Methods for Protein Structure Refinement
... Refreshments following the seminar in Eckhart 110 ...
... Refreshments following the seminar in Eckhart 110 ...
Review Questions
... carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. Which mode of transport is used to release epinephrine? (A) phagocytosis (B) simple diffusion (C) exocytosis (D) protein pumps _______ 9. Polysaccharides, triglycerides and proteins are similar in that they (A) Are synthesized from monomers by the pro ...
... carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. Which mode of transport is used to release epinephrine? (A) phagocytosis (B) simple diffusion (C) exocytosis (D) protein pumps _______ 9. Polysaccharides, triglycerides and proteins are similar in that they (A) Are synthesized from monomers by the pro ...
CFE Higher Biology Unit one
... primer small sequence of single stranded DNA required to start (prime) DNA replication primary transcript first RNA transcript made before processing prokaryote organisms which contain circular chromosomal DNA and often contain plasmid DNA. regulator sequences specific sequences of DNA that act as ...
... primer small sequence of single stranded DNA required to start (prime) DNA replication primary transcript first RNA transcript made before processing prokaryote organisms which contain circular chromosomal DNA and often contain plasmid DNA. regulator sequences specific sequences of DNA that act as ...
anmol publications pvt. ltd.
... of those that play key roles in chemical reactions vital to life. Biochemists study cells’ many complex and interrelated chemical changes. Examples include the chemical reactions by which proteins and all their precursors are synthesized, food is converted to energy, hereditary characteristics are t ...
... of those that play key roles in chemical reactions vital to life. Biochemists study cells’ many complex and interrelated chemical changes. Examples include the chemical reactions by which proteins and all their precursors are synthesized, food is converted to energy, hereditary characteristics are t ...
Cell Cycle, DNA, and Protein Synthesis
... • The cell cycle is driven by a ______________________________ telling the cell when to turn on and off cell division – ___________signals – cell senses the presence of __________ produced within the cell – _____________ signals – cell senses the presence of chemicals (such as ___________ ________) ...
... • The cell cycle is driven by a ______________________________ telling the cell when to turn on and off cell division – ___________signals – cell senses the presence of __________ produced within the cell – _____________ signals – cell senses the presence of chemicals (such as ___________ ________) ...
- Dr. Maik Friedel
... We hypothesize that in the early days of translation pre-tRNAs were able to recognize codons in both directions. In order to guarantee termination and to avoid incorrect elongation the reverse stop codons should have had no own pre-tRNA. We studied the number of tRNA genes of 16 archaea, 81 bacteria ...
... We hypothesize that in the early days of translation pre-tRNAs were able to recognize codons in both directions. In order to guarantee termination and to avoid incorrect elongation the reverse stop codons should have had no own pre-tRNA. We studied the number of tRNA genes of 16 archaea, 81 bacteria ...
pages 46-50
... Fats and oils are two familiar types of lipids. They store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms. Animal fats are found in foods such as meat and butter. You know plant fats as oils, such as olive oil and peanut oil. The structures of fats and oils are similar. They both consist of a molec ...
... Fats and oils are two familiar types of lipids. They store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms. Animal fats are found in foods such as meat and butter. You know plant fats as oils, such as olive oil and peanut oil. The structures of fats and oils are similar. They both consist of a molec ...
Overview of Energy and Metabolism
... Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy from the environment. Metabolic processes are all the chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions: 1. Catabolism = breakdown of large molecules into simple ones to produce energy. (re ...
... Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy from the environment. Metabolic processes are all the chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions: 1. Catabolism = breakdown of large molecules into simple ones to produce energy. (re ...
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
... Carbon forms the backbone or basic structure of life’s molecules, because it is abundant and flexible. ...
... Carbon forms the backbone or basic structure of life’s molecules, because it is abundant and flexible. ...
Name
... conclusion is that membrane is selectively permeable and a lipid 2) ____1908: Amphipathic membrane phospholipids solubilized in benzene, which were then evaporated, could reconstitute a film that was similar to a cell membrane. Polar heads towards water, tails away from water. 3) ____1972: Fluid mos ...
... conclusion is that membrane is selectively permeable and a lipid 2) ____1908: Amphipathic membrane phospholipids solubilized in benzene, which were then evaporated, could reconstitute a film that was similar to a cell membrane. Polar heads towards water, tails away from water. 3) ____1972: Fluid mos ...
Enzymes
... stress on bonds that must be broken, making it easier to reach the transition state. R groups at the active site may create a conducive microenvironment for a specific reaction. Enzymes may even bind covalently to substrates in an intermediate step before returning to normal. ...
... stress on bonds that must be broken, making it easier to reach the transition state. R groups at the active site may create a conducive microenvironment for a specific reaction. Enzymes may even bind covalently to substrates in an intermediate step before returning to normal. ...
Page 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
... directions). In chitin second carbon –OH groups are replaced by amino groups. 16. The elements which make up lipid molecules are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus phosphorus as phosphate in phospholipids. 17. The main types of lipids are described as either oils or fats, depending on their melting po ...
... directions). In chitin second carbon –OH groups are replaced by amino groups. 16. The elements which make up lipid molecules are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus phosphorus as phosphate in phospholipids. 17. The main types of lipids are described as either oils or fats, depending on their melting po ...
Protein Structure
... carbon and the alpha carbon, and phi (φ), between the amino nitrogen and the alpha carbon. These bonds can rotate freely, but they are constrained by steric hindrance between the R groups (i.e. they bump into each other); the book refers to this as Van der Waals forces. Also, formation of hydrogen b ...
... carbon and the alpha carbon, and phi (φ), between the amino nitrogen and the alpha carbon. These bonds can rotate freely, but they are constrained by steric hindrance between the R groups (i.e. they bump into each other); the book refers to this as Van der Waals forces. Also, formation of hydrogen b ...
File - Mrs. Houck`s Classes
... The basic unit of a protein is an _________. There are ___ different kinds of these. Two of them together is called a _________ and a chain of them is called a _________. The name of the bond that joins them together is called a _____ bond. A long chain of amino acids can fold up and look like a blo ...
... The basic unit of a protein is an _________. There are ___ different kinds of these. Two of them together is called a _________ and a chain of them is called a _________. The name of the bond that joins them together is called a _____ bond. A long chain of amino acids can fold up and look like a blo ...
Slides
... within the hydrophobic core of the protein. – Aliphatic: Hydrophobic group that contains only carbon or hydrogen atoms. – Aromatic: A side chain is considered aromatic when it contains an ...
... within the hydrophobic core of the protein. – Aliphatic: Hydrophobic group that contains only carbon or hydrogen atoms. – Aromatic: A side chain is considered aromatic when it contains an ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.