Cellular Activities - Berks Catholic High School
... Hydrolysis/Catabolism Breaking large molecules into smaller molecules by adding water EXAMPLE: Breaking a disaccharide into two monosaccharides: • sucrose + water -> glucose + fructose ...
... Hydrolysis/Catabolism Breaking large molecules into smaller molecules by adding water EXAMPLE: Breaking a disaccharide into two monosaccharides: • sucrose + water -> glucose + fructose ...
L2.macromolecules
... BACTERIA live in their digestive systems & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals This is called SYMBIOSIS ...
... BACTERIA live in their digestive systems & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals This is called SYMBIOSIS ...
Cellular Activities
... Enzyme Regulations l Competitive inhibition – another molecule is shaped like the substrate and competes for the enzyme l Feedback inhibition – an accumulation of products inactivates the first enzyme in a series l Precursor activation - the presence of the first substrate activates all enzymes ...
... Enzyme Regulations l Competitive inhibition – another molecule is shaped like the substrate and competes for the enzyme l Feedback inhibition – an accumulation of products inactivates the first enzyme in a series l Precursor activation - the presence of the first substrate activates all enzymes ...
complex life.2006
... In all cells, the first steps of carbohydrate metabolism involve fermentation, and the last steps in aerobic organisms use oxygen in respiration suggests that aerobic respiration evolved from anaerobic ...
... In all cells, the first steps of carbohydrate metabolism involve fermentation, and the last steps in aerobic organisms use oxygen in respiration suggests that aerobic respiration evolved from anaerobic ...
Chapter 5, part A
... • Entner-Doudoroff pathway: – Produces NADPH and ATP – Does not involve glycolysis – Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium ...
... • Entner-Doudoroff pathway: – Produces NADPH and ATP – Does not involve glycolysis – Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium ...
Lecture Notes
... 2) is converted into transport disaccharides and carried to other parts of the organism; 3) some is converted into storage forms, such as fats, and reserved for future use. ...
... 2) is converted into transport disaccharides and carried to other parts of the organism; 3) some is converted into storage forms, such as fats, and reserved for future use. ...
Cellular Respiration
... that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH and FADH2 ...
... that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH and FADH2 ...
Biology: Ch. 2
... Macromolecules are made from thousands of smaller molecules. Monomers-small unit that can join with other small units to form polymers. Polymers-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nuclei ...
... Macromolecules are made from thousands of smaller molecules. Monomers-small unit that can join with other small units to form polymers. Polymers-large compound formed from combinations of many monomers. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nuclei ...
B. Basic Concepts of Metabolism
... Strict aerobes: Require oxygen for growth (~20%) Strict anaerobes: Grow in the absence of oxygen; cannot grow in the presence of oxygen Facultative anaerobes: Grow best in the presence of oxygen, but are able to grow (at reduced rates) in the absence of oxygen Aerotolerant anaerobes: Can grow equall ...
... Strict aerobes: Require oxygen for growth (~20%) Strict anaerobes: Grow in the absence of oxygen; cannot grow in the presence of oxygen Facultative anaerobes: Grow best in the presence of oxygen, but are able to grow (at reduced rates) in the absence of oxygen Aerotolerant anaerobes: Can grow equall ...
chemical reactions
... at a pH of 7 2. Most biological enzymes function best at normal human body temp. Few enzymes function well at high temperature ...
... at a pH of 7 2. Most biological enzymes function best at normal human body temp. Few enzymes function well at high temperature ...
Exam Sample
... 1. Spontaneous generation is associated with which of the following? a. germ theory of disease b. life from non-living materials c. life from life (pre-existing cells) d. aseptic techniques 2. Which of the following is the smallest unit of measure listed: a. nanometer b. millimeter c. micrometer d. ...
... 1. Spontaneous generation is associated with which of the following? a. germ theory of disease b. life from non-living materials c. life from life (pre-existing cells) d. aseptic techniques 2. Which of the following is the smallest unit of measure listed: a. nanometer b. millimeter c. micrometer d. ...
Aerobic Metabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
... reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...
Organic Chemistry Notes Powerpoint
... polymers, long chains of similar subunits. Because they are large, these molecules are called macromolecules. The subunits are called monomers. • The cell also contains water, inorganic salts and ions, and other small organic molecules. ...
... polymers, long chains of similar subunits. Because they are large, these molecules are called macromolecules. The subunits are called monomers. • The cell also contains water, inorganic salts and ions, and other small organic molecules. ...
Principles of Metabolic Regulation
... • The biochemical reactions in the living cell — the metabolism — is organized into metabolic pathways • The pathways have dedicated purposes – Some are dedicated to extraction of energy – Some are dedicated to storage of fuels ...
... • The biochemical reactions in the living cell — the metabolism — is organized into metabolic pathways • The pathways have dedicated purposes – Some are dedicated to extraction of energy – Some are dedicated to storage of fuels ...
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions – Brooker et al ARIS site
... d. are the simplest form of lipids found in plant cells. e. are structural components of cell membranes. Answer: b. Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized and must be obtained from through the diet. They are necessary for survival. 7. Phospholipids are said to be amphipathic, which means these ...
... d. are the simplest form of lipids found in plant cells. e. are structural components of cell membranes. Answer: b. Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized and must be obtained from through the diet. They are necessary for survival. 7. Phospholipids are said to be amphipathic, which means these ...
Cellular Respiration
... Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, in which electrons are passed from carrier to carrier Some carriers are cytochrome molecules(complex carbon rings with iron in the center) NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the system Each time the electrons are passed on, NADH gives up its el ...
... Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, in which electrons are passed from carrier to carrier Some carriers are cytochrome molecules(complex carbon rings with iron in the center) NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the system Each time the electrons are passed on, NADH gives up its el ...
Organ Integration and Control
... … take up glucose and store it as glycogen or convert it to fatty acids. … release glucose into the blood stream by breaking down Glycogen. … take up lactate and some amino acids (ala) and convert it into glucose. It also has the capacity to form ketone bodies from fatty acids. … degrades excess ami ...
... … take up glucose and store it as glycogen or convert it to fatty acids. … release glucose into the blood stream by breaking down Glycogen. … take up lactate and some amino acids (ala) and convert it into glucose. It also has the capacity to form ketone bodies from fatty acids. … degrades excess ami ...
2: Chemistry Comes Alive: Objectives Part 1: Basic Chemistry
... 10. Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar compounds. ...
... 10. Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar compounds. ...
Summer 2010 - Wake Forest University
... Chemistry 370 Biochemistry: Macromolecules and Metabolism Summer 2010 London, Cambridge, Paris ...
... Chemistry 370 Biochemistry: Macromolecules and Metabolism Summer 2010 London, Cambridge, Paris ...
Chapter 2 Chemistry Test Review
... Pepsin is found in the human stomach and breaks down proteins to smaller peptides. What is pepsin? A A mineral B An enzyme _ C A carbohydrate D A vitamin Peroxidase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells. It accomplishes this because of its structure. What part of the enzyme is inv ...
... Pepsin is found in the human stomach and breaks down proteins to smaller peptides. What is pepsin? A A mineral B An enzyme _ C A carbohydrate D A vitamin Peroxidase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells. It accomplishes this because of its structure. What part of the enzyme is inv ...
Section 1 Workbook Unit 1 ANSWERS File
... A substance that resists pH change by absorbing H+ or OH- to prevent buffers a change in pH. 6) Why is pH important to biological systems? Because certain substances of the body need a certain pH to work properly ex) enzymes have a specific pH they work at. ...
... A substance that resists pH change by absorbing H+ or OH- to prevent buffers a change in pH. 6) Why is pH important to biological systems? Because certain substances of the body need a certain pH to work properly ex) enzymes have a specific pH they work at. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.