1 - contentextra
... The Krebs cycle begins and ends with oxaloacetate. Oxidation of the 6-carbon compound produced by the combination of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate then occurs in the Krebs cycle to produce one ATP, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule and two carbon dioxide molecules. For one molecule of glucose, ...
... The Krebs cycle begins and ends with oxaloacetate. Oxidation of the 6-carbon compound produced by the combination of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate then occurs in the Krebs cycle to produce one ATP, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule and two carbon dioxide molecules. For one molecule of glucose, ...
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... Not a long term storage form of energy Consumed at a high rate : stock in the cell is very small As it is being used up, it has to be replenished: need energy Phototrophs (algae, plants, some bacteria) use solar energy: photosynthesis Chemotrophs ( eg; S-bacteria, nitrifying bacteria) use chemical e ...
... Not a long term storage form of energy Consumed at a high rate : stock in the cell is very small As it is being used up, it has to be replenished: need energy Phototrophs (algae, plants, some bacteria) use solar energy: photosynthesis Chemotrophs ( eg; S-bacteria, nitrifying bacteria) use chemical e ...
Chapter 2 Section 3
... that contains the _______________ _______________ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): _______________ _______________ that contains the _______________ _______________ protein: macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; _______________ by the body for _______________ and __ ...
... that contains the _______________ _______________ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): _______________ _______________ that contains the _______________ _______________ protein: macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; _______________ by the body for _______________ and __ ...
TandT Group work
... Fatty acids + glycerol connected together make lipids (fatty acids + glycerol lipids) Monosaccharides connected together make polysaccharides (monosaccharides polysaccharides) Enzymes are what connect the subunits together to make the macromolecules! We’ve already seen the enzymes DNA polymerase ...
... Fatty acids + glycerol connected together make lipids (fatty acids + glycerol lipids) Monosaccharides connected together make polysaccharides (monosaccharides polysaccharides) Enzymes are what connect the subunits together to make the macromolecules! We’ve already seen the enzymes DNA polymerase ...
Document
... 1. Understand anaerobic respiration and the examples presented in class. Define nitrate reduction, denitrification, sulfate reduction. 2. Understand chemolithotrophy and the examples presented in class. 3. Examples of integrative questions: Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respira ...
... 1. Understand anaerobic respiration and the examples presented in class. Define nitrate reduction, denitrification, sulfate reduction. 2. Understand chemolithotrophy and the examples presented in class. 3. Examples of integrative questions: Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respira ...
Chapter 2 Biochemistry Practice test
... 13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom? 14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? salt What is the solvent? Water 15. If an atom has an atomic number of 35 and a mass number of 75, how many protons does it have?35 ...
... 13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom? 14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? salt What is the solvent? Water 15. If an atom has an atomic number of 35 and a mass number of 75, how many protons does it have?35 ...
Overview of the Cells WS
... 2. Name the single most abundant material or substance in living matter. ________________ 3. Name the major building/structural material of the cell. ___________________________ 4. Name the trace element most important for making bones hard. _______________________ 5. Name the element, found in trac ...
... 2. Name the single most abundant material or substance in living matter. ________________ 3. Name the major building/structural material of the cell. ___________________________ 4. Name the trace element most important for making bones hard. _______________________ 5. Name the element, found in trac ...
Unit 1: The Nature of Life
... i. Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization. ii. The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers. 1. Monomers in a polymer may be identical, or the monomers may be different. c. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: i. carbohydrates ii. lip ...
... i. Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization. ii. The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers. 1. Monomers in a polymer may be identical, or the monomers may be different. c. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: i. carbohydrates ii. lip ...
Biogeochemical Cycling In The Ecosystem pp. 371
... • Biogeochemical process: circulation of substances through living organisms and the environment ...
... • Biogeochemical process: circulation of substances through living organisms and the environment ...
Chemistry of Life Unit
... - contain elements: C, H, and O - main source of usable chemical energy for cells - major part of plant cell wall (made of cellulose) - most basic are simple sugars = monosaccharides (glucose) - bond to form polysaccharides 2) Lipids - ex: fats, oils, cholesterol Specifics - contain C, H, and O - st ...
... - contain elements: C, H, and O - main source of usable chemical energy for cells - major part of plant cell wall (made of cellulose) - most basic are simple sugars = monosaccharides (glucose) - bond to form polysaccharides 2) Lipids - ex: fats, oils, cholesterol Specifics - contain C, H, and O - st ...
1 Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism 2
... pathways if they produce only one ATP molecule? 5-12 What are the principal products of the Krebs cycle? 5-13 How do carrier molecules function in the electron transport chain? 5-14 Compare the energy yield (ATP) of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 5-15 List four compounds that can be made from py ...
... pathways if they produce only one ATP molecule? 5-12 What are the principal products of the Krebs cycle? 5-13 How do carrier molecules function in the electron transport chain? 5-14 Compare the energy yield (ATP) of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 5-15 List four compounds that can be made from py ...
Medical Biochemistry at a Glance. 3rd Edition. At a Glance Brochure
... Part 3 Formation of ATP: oxidation and reduction reactions 9 Oxidation/reduction reactions, coenzymes and prosthetic groups 26 10 Anaerobic production of ATP by substrate–level phosphorylation, from phosphocreatine and by the adenylate kinase (myokinase) reaction 28 ...
... Part 3 Formation of ATP: oxidation and reduction reactions 9 Oxidation/reduction reactions, coenzymes and prosthetic groups 26 10 Anaerobic production of ATP by substrate–level phosphorylation, from phosphocreatine and by the adenylate kinase (myokinase) reaction 28 ...
Study Guide
... glycolysis and produces two ATP molecules. 9. A small, high-energy molecule that can be used by cells. It is the by-product of glucose breakdown. 10. A series of reactions used by all living things that allows the breakdown of food in order to obtain its stored energy. 12. The amount of energy requi ...
... glycolysis and produces two ATP molecules. 9. A small, high-energy molecule that can be used by cells. It is the by-product of glucose breakdown. 10. A series of reactions used by all living things that allows the breakdown of food in order to obtain its stored energy. 12. The amount of energy requi ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... considered from the origins and fates of their: (1) Nitrogen atoms (2) Carbon skeletons •For mammals: Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet Nonessential amino acids - can be synthesized ...
... considered from the origins and fates of their: (1) Nitrogen atoms (2) Carbon skeletons •For mammals: Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet Nonessential amino acids - can be synthesized ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review
... 2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions. Be sure to mention the changes in energy that accompany these reactions. 3. Illustrate the reaction performed by dehydrogenase enzymes. 4. What is the role played by NAD+ in cellular respiration? 5. Where do glycolytic reactions oc ...
... 2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions. Be sure to mention the changes in energy that accompany these reactions. 3. Illustrate the reaction performed by dehydrogenase enzymes. 4. What is the role played by NAD+ in cellular respiration? 5. Where do glycolytic reactions oc ...
1 - SMIC Nutrition Science
... 13. It takes considerable energy to fuel the “energetically expensive” reactions of gluconeogenesis. Why, then, does the body have such a process? Answer (key points): Although most cells can use glucose and fatty acids for energy, the brain and central nervous system use glucose preferentially, and ...
... 13. It takes considerable energy to fuel the “energetically expensive” reactions of gluconeogenesis. Why, then, does the body have such a process? Answer (key points): Although most cells can use glucose and fatty acids for energy, the brain and central nervous system use glucose preferentially, and ...
Exam 2 Review - Iowa State University
... functional groups. c) the inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active site. Which is an example of how metabolic pathways are regulated? a) gene regulation. b) biochemical regulation. c) cellular regulation. d) feedback inhibition. e) all the above. According to the second law of ...
... functional groups. c) the inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active site. Which is an example of how metabolic pathways are regulated? a) gene regulation. b) biochemical regulation. c) cellular regulation. d) feedback inhibition. e) all the above. According to the second law of ...
Practice Test Questions
... it donates H's and electrons oxygen combines with carbon from glucose to form CO2 it transfers H's from the Krebs cycle by temporarily ...
... it donates H's and electrons oxygen combines with carbon from glucose to form CO2 it transfers H's from the Krebs cycle by temporarily ...
Organic Molecules Notes
... sugar called glucose. Glucose is stored in the liver until cells need it for ...
... sugar called glucose. Glucose is stored in the liver until cells need it for ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... a. Growth hormone increases the synthesis of cellular proteins b. Insulin is necessary for protein synthesis c. Glucocorticoids increase the breakdown of most tissue proteins d. Testosterone increases protein deposition in tissues e. Estrogen causes some deposition of protein in tissues, but minor c ...
... a. Growth hormone increases the synthesis of cellular proteins b. Insulin is necessary for protein synthesis c. Glucocorticoids increase the breakdown of most tissue proteins d. Testosterone increases protein deposition in tissues e. Estrogen causes some deposition of protein in tissues, but minor c ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.