Download Chapter 2 Chemistry Test Review

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Chapter 2 Chemistry Test Review
1. What are the three subatomic particles and their charges?
a. Protons (+)
b. Neutrons (0)
c. Electrons (-)
2. What are the four organic compounds found in living things and what do they do?
a. Carbohydrates – Main source of energy
b. Lipids – Store energy
c. Proteins – Chemical messengers
d. Nucleic acids – Transmit genetic info
3. Define the following:
a. Solute- Sub that is dissolved
b. Solvent- Sub that does dissolving
c. Monosaccharide- single sugar (carbohydrate) molecule
d. Polysaccharide- large sugar(carbohydrate) molecule (monosaccharides linked together)
e. amino acid- monomer of a protein
f. suspension- Mixture that is not dissolved but remains suspended
g. solution- evenly distributed mixture/Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
(Solute is dissolved in solvent)
h. activation energy-energy required to get reaction started.
i. mass number- # protons + # of Neutrons
j. atomic number - # of Protons = # of electrons
k. Isotope- Atoms which have gained or lost neutrons
l. exergonic reaction - Energy is released
m. endergonic reaction - Energy is absobrbed
4. What is a substance with a pH of 8 or above? BASIC What is a substance with a pH of 6 or below?
ACID What has a pH of 7? NEUTRAL
5. What happens when a positive ion is formed? Electrons are lost
6. How does a ionic bond form? Transfer of electrons
7. How does a covalent bond form? Sharing of electrons
8. What do enzymes do? Speed up chemical reaction.
9. When 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen combine to form water, what would the product(s) be? water
What would the reactant(s) be? Hydrogen & Oxygen
10. Saturated fat : Single bond :: Polyunsaturated fat : Double bond
11. What are the forces called that allow a gecko to climb up vertical surfaces?
Vander Waal’s
12. What does the pH scale measure? Amount of H+ ions
13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom?
14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? salt
What is the solvent? Water
15. If an atom has an atomic number of 35 and a mass number of 75, how many protons does it have?35
electrons?35 neutrons?40
16. If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction absorbs energy.
17. Chemical reactions that ABSORB energy will not occur without a source of energy.
18. Practice SOL questions… (Circle the correct answer).
Which property of water allows many land-dwelling organisms to maintain
body temperature by eliminating excess heat?
A Water’s ability to evaporate _
B Water’s movement by capillary action
C Water’s capacity to dissolve substances
D Water’s formation of ions in solution
Pepsin is found in the human stomach and breaks down proteins to smaller peptides. What is pepsin?
A A mineral
B An enzyme _
C A carbohydrate
D A vitamin
Peroxidase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells. It accomplishes this because of its
structure. What part of the enzyme is involved in catalytic activity?
A Binding pocket
B Pleated sheet
C Active site _
D Quaternary structure
Which of the following molecules is most abundant in the cells of the human body?
A Amino acids
B Nucleotides
C Lipids
D Water _
Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate —
A has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment _
B can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme
C destroys its specific enzyme
D actively interferes with other substrates around it
Answer for #49: D (the increased acidity will kill most of the fish
pH Values of Some Common
Substances
Substance
pH
sulfuric acid
1.2
tomatoes
4.2
rainwater
6.2
A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions.
How much greater is the hydrogen ion concentration in tomatoes than in rainwater?
100 x
* Look over all notes, handouts, assignments and labs for this chapter! Read the chapter again!
*Look over the pH scale. Be familiar with both acids and bases.