Download Chapter 2 Nature of Matter

Chapter 2
Nature of Matter
CHAPTER CHALLENGE
TEST REVIEW
Chapter 2 Challenge – Jeopardy Round
The Small
Things In Life
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
The World Super Party
Mole-cools Legos of Life
Within Extravaganza
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
600
600
600
600
700
700
700
700
800
800
800
800
ATOMIC PARTICLES
Protons, Neutrons, and
Electrons
ELECTRON
Found in the space
surrounding the nucleus,
& has a negative charge
ATOMIC MASS
Protons plus Neutrons,
“weight” of an atom
ISOTOPE
Same number of protons,
different number of
neutrons. Ex. Carbon-14
ATOMIC NUMBER
The number of protons in
an atom, also identifies
the element
NUCLEUS
Where Protons and
Neutrons are found
PROTONS
Atomic particle with
positive charge
NEUTRONS
Atomic particle with
neutral charge
2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen
Chemical composition of
water molecule
COMPOUND
Substance formed by the
chemical joining of two or
more elements in definite
amounts
COVALENT BOND
Bond in which electrons
are shared
IONIC BOND
Bond in which electrons
are transferred
HYDROGEN BOND
Bond that forms between
two water molecules
POSITIVE ION
Type of ion that forms
when an atom loses an
electron
SOLUTION
Mixture in which the
substances are evenly
spread out
SOLVENT
Something that dissolves
something else in a
solution
SOLUTE
Something that dissolves
in a solution
VALENCE ELECTRON
Type of electron that is
available to form bonds
ADHESION
Attraction of molecules
between different
substances
SUSPENSION
A solution that contains
particles that cannot be
dissolved
BASE
A solution with a
pH above 7
ACID
A solution with a
pH below 7
POLARITY
When one side of a molecule
has a slightly negative
charge, and the other side
has a slightly positive
(think poles)
CARBON
Element that has four
valence electrons, and forms
strong covalent bonds with
many other elements
MACROMOLECULES
Giant molecules that are
made from thousands or
even hundreds of thousands
of smaller molecules.
POLYMER
Many monomers that
join together to form long
chains
CARBOHYDRATES
Composed of Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Includes Monosaccharides
& Polysaccharides
PROTEINS
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen & Nitrogen.
Assembled from Amino Acids
LIPIDS
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen,
& Oxygen and is composed of a
glycerol and a fatty acid.
Source of long term energy
storage and make up cell
membranes
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Composed of Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
and Phosphorous
Stores genetic information.
SIMPLE SUGARS
Glucose, fructose, and
galactose
CHEMICAL REACTION
Process that changes, or
transforms one set of chemicals
into another
REACTANTS
“Ingredients” in a chemical
reaction
PRODUCTS
What reactants transform into
during a chemical reaction
ACTIVATION ENERGY
Energy needed to get a reaction
started
CATALYST
Substance that speeds up a
chemical reaction
ENZYME
Made of proteins, affect the
speed of a chemical reaction by
lowering the activation energy
ACTIVE SITE
Part of an enzyme that provides
an area for the substrate to
attach
SUBSTRATE
The molecules that are to be
broken down or put together by
an enzyme.
pH
A measurement used to test
the concentration of H+ ions in
a solution.