Macromolecules
... Information for all proteins stored in DNA in the form of chromosomes or plasmids. Chromosomes (both circular and linear) consist of two strands of DNA wrapped together in a left handed helix. The strands of the helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between the individual bases. The “outside” of ...
... Information for all proteins stored in DNA in the form of chromosomes or plasmids. Chromosomes (both circular and linear) consist of two strands of DNA wrapped together in a left handed helix. The strands of the helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between the individual bases. The “outside” of ...
Tymoczko, Biochemistry: A Short Course 3e, Launchpad
... 6. Advanced glycation end products are a. products of reactions between reducing sugars and free amino groups. b. two or more sugars joined together in a covalent bond. c. products of a reaction between sucrose and proteins. d. solely composed of long carbohydrate polymers on free amino groups. 7. H ...
... 6. Advanced glycation end products are a. products of reactions between reducing sugars and free amino groups. b. two or more sugars joined together in a covalent bond. c. products of a reaction between sucrose and proteins. d. solely composed of long carbohydrate polymers on free amino groups. 7. H ...
Transcription and Translation
... mRNA into an amino acid chain. Where are ribosomes found in the cell? *If the protein is going to be used inside the cell it is made at a *If the protein is going to be packaged for use outside the cell, it will be made on a ribosome attached to the ...
... mRNA into an amino acid chain. Where are ribosomes found in the cell? *If the protein is going to be used inside the cell it is made at a *If the protein is going to be packaged for use outside the cell, it will be made on a ribosome attached to the ...
Title - Iowa State University
... a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbons are used to form acetyl CoA. b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produced from ADP, and NAD+ is reduced to form NADH. c. Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of ca ...
... a. Pyruvate is processed to release one molecule of carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbons are used to form acetyl CoA. b. One molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP is produced from ADP, and NAD+ is reduced to form NADH. c. Acetyl CoA is oxidized to two molecules of ca ...
Just Breathe… - Rimac-Science-Web
... Energy • Why is Energy important? • Metabolism! • Catabolism: releases energy by splitting complex molecules into smaller components. • Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler building blocks. ...
... Energy • Why is Energy important? • Metabolism! • Catabolism: releases energy by splitting complex molecules into smaller components. • Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler building blocks. ...
Cellular Respiration
... There are two types of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called Aerobic respiration. Aerobic Respiration occurs in a cell's mitochondria, the energy source of the cell. Cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen is called Anaerobic res ...
... There are two types of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called Aerobic respiration. Aerobic Respiration occurs in a cell's mitochondria, the energy source of the cell. Cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen is called Anaerobic res ...
Protein Synthesis Drawing
... More tRNA molecules transfer correct amino acids to the growing protein chain (by matching the anticodon on tRNA to the codons on mRNA). Remember: One tRNA only carries one kind of A.A. ...
... More tRNA molecules transfer correct amino acids to the growing protein chain (by matching the anticodon on tRNA to the codons on mRNA). Remember: One tRNA only carries one kind of A.A. ...
CH5-Macromolecules
... The many nonpolar C-H bonds in the long hydrocarbon skeleton make fats hydrophobic. In a fat, three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by an ester linkage, creating a triacylglycerol. ...
... The many nonpolar C-H bonds in the long hydrocarbon skeleton make fats hydrophobic. In a fat, three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by an ester linkage, creating a triacylglycerol. ...
Cellular Respiration
... All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Cell Respiration. Cell respiration includes Glycolysis, ...
... All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Cell Respiration. Cell respiration includes Glycolysis, ...
The Chemical Level of Organization
... e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (2) inorganic compounds: not based on carbon and hydrogen atoms, e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), water (H2O) ...
... e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (2) inorganic compounds: not based on carbon and hydrogen atoms, e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), water (H2O) ...
Cell Respiration Student Notes
... • Occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria • Is the transition between _________and the citric acid cycle. • _______________ (made during glycolysis) is converted to acetyl CoA, and CO2 is released • NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+ • The transition reaction occurs ________ per glucose molecule. ...
... • Occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria • Is the transition between _________and the citric acid cycle. • _______________ (made during glycolysis) is converted to acetyl CoA, and CO2 is released • NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+ • The transition reaction occurs ________ per glucose molecule. ...
B - Basic information
... c - Practical and professional skills: On successful completion of the course, the student should be able to: c1- Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids. c2- Use the laboratory equipment and instruments by responsible, safe and ethical manner ...
... c - Practical and professional skills: On successful completion of the course, the student should be able to: c1- Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids. c2- Use the laboratory equipment and instruments by responsible, safe and ethical manner ...
AP Biology Semester 1 Review Topics
... Pathway of blood through heart and major systems Oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood Components of blood Anatomy of heart Electrical physiology of the heart (events of the heartbeat) Measurements of blood pressure Characteristics of blood vessels Process of blood clotting Relationship between pH and C ...
... Pathway of blood through heart and major systems Oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood Components of blood Anatomy of heart Electrical physiology of the heart (events of the heartbeat) Measurements of blood pressure Characteristics of blood vessels Process of blood clotting Relationship between pH and C ...
Cell Respiration Worksheet
... In absence of oxygen, get regeneration of NAD+ thru fermentation Realize that some animals (particularly many bacteria) live in anaerobic environments or habitats with very little oxygen. Glycolysis is their main way to get ATP. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP's by itself (for every molecule of gluco ...
... In absence of oxygen, get regeneration of NAD+ thru fermentation Realize that some animals (particularly many bacteria) live in anaerobic environments or habitats with very little oxygen. Glycolysis is their main way to get ATP. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP's by itself (for every molecule of gluco ...
PowerPoint Presentation - No Slide Title
... Ribosomes are large protein / RNA complexes that are the site of translation. The structure of ribosomes reflects ribosomal function. Each ribosome consists of large and small subunits, with binding sites for mRNA and three tRNA molecules. During translation, the growing polypeptide is atached to t ...
... Ribosomes are large protein / RNA complexes that are the site of translation. The structure of ribosomes reflects ribosomal function. Each ribosome consists of large and small subunits, with binding sites for mRNA and three tRNA molecules. During translation, the growing polypeptide is atached to t ...
Basic Chemistry and Cell Structure
... Transport vesicles bud off the ER and are transported to the forming face of the Golgi. Membrane-bound proteins and secretory proteins then move through the Golgi, where they are modified, usually by ...
... Transport vesicles bud off the ER and are transported to the forming face of the Golgi. Membrane-bound proteins and secretory proteins then move through the Golgi, where they are modified, usually by ...
amino acid letter codes
... 3. ALIPHATIC: The hydrophobic and polar amino acids get all the attention, but there is something to be said for the "normal" amino acids, which simply have their first letter as the one letter code. They are "pretty good cats": ...
... 3. ALIPHATIC: The hydrophobic and polar amino acids get all the attention, but there is something to be said for the "normal" amino acids, which simply have their first letter as the one letter code. They are "pretty good cats": ...
Computers in Chemistry—
... Computers in Chemistry—CHEM 3111 Problem Set 5 Use ChemDraw to draw molecules and perform simple calculations. In this exercise, you will use ChemDraw and Chem3D to draw some simple and not so simple molecules, then determine their 3D structure, and setup and pertorm some simple molecular dynamics c ...
... Computers in Chemistry—CHEM 3111 Problem Set 5 Use ChemDraw to draw molecules and perform simple calculations. In this exercise, you will use ChemDraw and Chem3D to draw some simple and not so simple molecules, then determine their 3D structure, and setup and pertorm some simple molecular dynamics c ...
Chalkboard Challenge
... 1 of 21) Four part question. Examine this karyotype to answer the following questions. How many chromosomes would be found in: A) Brain cells? B) Diploid cells? C) Zygotes? D) Gamete cells? ...
... 1 of 21) Four part question. Examine this karyotype to answer the following questions. How many chromosomes would be found in: A) Brain cells? B) Diploid cells? C) Zygotes? D) Gamete cells? ...
Enzyme Notes Activation Energy
... How Do Enzymes Work? • Each substrate fits into the enzyme’s active site. • Then the enzyme controls chemical reaction. ...
... How Do Enzymes Work? • Each substrate fits into the enzyme’s active site. • Then the enzyme controls chemical reaction. ...
5.4 Molecular Models for Plants Growing: Biosynthesis PPT
... from glucose and minerals The result of photosynthesis is glucose, then plants use the glucose to make other small organic molecules (monomers). ...
... from glucose and minerals The result of photosynthesis is glucose, then plants use the glucose to make other small organic molecules (monomers). ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.