Download 5.4 Molecular Models for Plants Growing: Biosynthesis PPT

Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy
Environmental Literacy Project
Michigan State University
Plants Unit
Activity 5.4: Molecular Models for
Potatoes Growing: Biosynthesis
Unit Map
You
are
here
Connecting Questions about Processes
at Different Scales: Biosynthesis
Scale
Unanswered Questions
Macroscopic Scale
How do potatoes grow?
Microscopic Scale
How do potatoes’ cells use small organic molecules to
grow?
Atomic-Molecular Scale
How do cells make their large organic molecules?
3
Plants use food in two ways
Materials
for growth:
Biosynthesis
Food
To Cells
Energy:
Cellular
respiration
4
Plants make other small organic molecules
from glucose and minerals
The result of photosynthesis is glucose, then plants use the
glucose to make other small organic molecules (monomers).
AMINO ACID
FATTY ACID
GLUCOSE
GLYCEROL
What happens inside the cells of
a growing stem?
Monomers are used to make polymers.
SMALL = Monomers
LARGE = Polymer
STARCH
GLUCOSE
6
How Atoms Bond Together in Molecules
• Atoms in stable molecules always have a certain
number of bonds to other atoms:
– Carbon: 4 bonds
– Oxygen: 2 bonds
– Hydrogen: 1 bond
• Oxygen atoms do NOT bond to other oxygen
atoms if they can bond to carbon or hydrogen
instead.
• Chemical energy is stored in bonds between
atoms
– Some bonds (C-C and C-H) have high chemical energy
– Other bonds (C-O and O-H) have low chemical energy
Remember what’s in plants
PROTEIN
Spinach (Leaves)
Peanuts (Seeds)
FAT
STARCH
8
Build a Plant Stem Cell (Biosynthesis)
Build STARCH molecule by taping 3 glucose
monomers together.
Notice you will need to cut an –H and –OH from glucose. Tape these together
to make water.
Chemical
change
9
10
What happens to carbon
atoms and chemical
energy in when plants
make starch or cellulose?
Chemical change
Glucose
monomers
Starch polymer
(+ water)
Reactants
Products
11
What happens to carbon
atoms and chemical
energy when plants
make starch or cellulose?
Chemical change
Glucose
monomers
Reactants
Carbon atoms stay in
organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Starch polymer
(+ water)
Products
Build a Plant Stem Cell (Biosynthesis)
Build PROTEIN molecules by taping 4 amino acid
monomers together.
Notice you will need to cut an –H and –OH from each amino acid. Tape these
together to make water.
Chemical
change
12
13
What happens to carbon
atoms and chemical
energy when plants
make proteins?
Chemical change
Amino acid
monomers
Protein polymer
(+ water)
Reactants
Products
14
What happens to carbon
atoms and chemical
energy when plants
make proteins?
Chemical change
Amino acid
monomers
Reactants
Carbon atoms stay in
organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Protein polymer
(+ water)
Products
Build a Plant Stem Cell (Biosynthesis)
Build FAT molecules by taping 3 fatty acid
monomers to 1 glycerol molecule.
Notice you will need to cut an –H and –OH from each fatty acid and glycerol.
Tape these together to make water.
Chemical
change
15
What happens to carbon
atoms and chemical
energy when plants
make fats?
Chemical change
Fatty acids
+ glycerol
Fat
(+ water)
Reactants
Products
16
What happens to carbon
atoms and chemical
energy when plants
make fats?
Chemical change
Fatty acids
+ glycerol
Reactants
Carbon atoms stay in
organic molecules with
high-energy bonds
Fat
(+ water)
Products
17