Semester- III Course MI-201 Microbial Physiology
... enumeration media, assay media and maintenance media ...
... enumeration media, assay media and maintenance media ...
BIO 101
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
Metabolism: Dissimilatory (energy, catabolic) metabolism
... Autotrophy: solely dependent on inorganic compounds Heterotrophy: dependent on organic substrates Distinction rarely absolute: ”autrotrophs” may require organic growth factors (vitamins). Usually refers to carbon source for assimilatory metabolism (autotrophs depend on C-1 compounds, that is CO2 or ...
... Autotrophy: solely dependent on inorganic compounds Heterotrophy: dependent on organic substrates Distinction rarely absolute: ”autrotrophs” may require organic growth factors (vitamins). Usually refers to carbon source for assimilatory metabolism (autotrophs depend on C-1 compounds, that is CO2 or ...
chapter20
... In the course of cell division, the DNA strands in the nucleus (chromosomes) are duplicated by splitting the double-helix strand up and replacing the open bonds with the corresponding amino acids. Process must be sufficiently accurate, but also capable of occasional minor mistakes to allow for evolu ...
... In the course of cell division, the DNA strands in the nucleus (chromosomes) are duplicated by splitting the double-helix strand up and replacing the open bonds with the corresponding amino acids. Process must be sufficiently accurate, but also capable of occasional minor mistakes to allow for evolu ...
Chapter 5 Lecture Notes
... 2. Anaerobic cellular respiration yields less energy than aerobic cellular respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions, and not all the carriers in the ETC participate in anaerobic cellular respiration. a. ATP yield is less than 38 but more than 2. 3. Anaerob ...
... 2. Anaerobic cellular respiration yields less energy than aerobic cellular respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions, and not all the carriers in the ETC participate in anaerobic cellular respiration. a. ATP yield is less than 38 but more than 2. 3. Anaerob ...
Cells - Perth Grammar
... State that fats and oils contain more chemical energy per gram than carbohydrates or protein. State that cells need oxygen to release energy from food during aerobic respiration. Describe aerobic respiration in terms of a word equation. State that carbon dioxide is given off by cells during tissue r ...
... State that fats and oils contain more chemical energy per gram than carbohydrates or protein. State that cells need oxygen to release energy from food during aerobic respiration. Describe aerobic respiration in terms of a word equation. State that carbon dioxide is given off by cells during tissue r ...
RESEARCH NOTES
... This non-linearity would indicate that more thcln one enzyme is involved in the transport of the amino acids or that mare than one “hit” is necessary to inactivate the transport system. If the straight line portion of the curve is extrapolated back to the zero dosage, the intercept values for phenyl ...
... This non-linearity would indicate that more thcln one enzyme is involved in the transport of the amino acids or that mare than one “hit” is necessary to inactivate the transport system. If the straight line portion of the curve is extrapolated back to the zero dosage, the intercept values for phenyl ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules • Electron Transport Chain transfers the most energy ...
... protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules • Electron Transport Chain transfers the most energy ...
Early Earth and the Origin of Life
... Interaction between RNA and the proteins it made. Proteins formed may serve as RNA replication ...
... Interaction between RNA and the proteins it made. Proteins formed may serve as RNA replication ...
unit 3 – cellular energy processes
... 26. List the components of a photosystem and explain their function. 27. Trace electron flow through photosystems II and I. 28. Compare cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow and explain the relationship between these components of the light reactions. 29. Summarize the light reactions with an equation ...
... 26. List the components of a photosystem and explain their function. 27. Trace electron flow through photosystems II and I. 28. Compare cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow and explain the relationship between these components of the light reactions. 29. Summarize the light reactions with an equation ...
BCOR 11 Exploring Biology
... 32) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except A) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. B) release of oxygen. C) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. D) NADP+ reductase E) P680 reaction-center chlorophyll. 33) As a research scientist, you m ...
... 32) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except A) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. B) release of oxygen. C) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. D) NADP+ reductase E) P680 reaction-center chlorophyll. 33) As a research scientist, you m ...
Origin of Life: I Monomers to Polymers
... • Recent analysis of some carbon-rich meteorites found in Antarctica" – Richest source of amino acids so far" – Up to 250 parts per million" – Very clearly extraterrestrial (not contamination)" • Type of amino acids" • 13C is enhanced (opposite of what life does)" ...
... • Recent analysis of some carbon-rich meteorites found in Antarctica" – Richest source of amino acids so far" – Up to 250 parts per million" – Very clearly extraterrestrial (not contamination)" • Type of amino acids" • 13C is enhanced (opposite of what life does)" ...
carbon - Palmer ISD
... • Nucleic acids—another important group of organic polymers essential for life/ – They control the activities and reproduction of cells – DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid—one kink of nucleic acid (in nucleus of cells, contains genetic code) ...
... • Nucleic acids—another important group of organic polymers essential for life/ – They control the activities and reproduction of cells – DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid—one kink of nucleic acid (in nucleus of cells, contains genetic code) ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... How many atoms of hydrogen are in one water molecule? How many oxygen?____________________ How many electrons are shared in a water molecule?___________________________ What type of bond is this?___________________ What type of molecule is water?___________________________ Why do electrrons in this ...
... How many atoms of hydrogen are in one water molecule? How many oxygen?____________________ How many electrons are shared in a water molecule?___________________________ What type of bond is this?___________________ What type of molecule is water?___________________________ Why do electrrons in this ...
Power Point - Science Olympiad
... Major metabolic pathway by which CO2 is fixed during photosynthesis – about 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into o ...
... Major metabolic pathway by which CO2 is fixed during photosynthesis – about 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into o ...
3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
... • Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. • If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glycolysis shuts down. ...
... • Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. • If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glycolysis shuts down. ...
Cell Biology
... Major metabolic pathway by which CO2 is fixed during photosynthesis – about 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into o ...
... Major metabolic pathway by which CO2 is fixed during photosynthesis – about 95% of plants on earth are C3 plants Also known as the carbon fixation stage, this part of the photosynthetic process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Major purpose - use energy from light reactions to fix CO2 into o ...
LYSINURIC PROTEIN INTOLERANCE
... Lysine is an essential amino acid which is not synthesized in the body and therefore must be obtained from dietary proteins. Ornithine and arginine are urea cycle intermediary amino acids. Lysine and arginine are proteinogenic amino acids (they are a part of all proteins). All three share the same t ...
... Lysine is an essential amino acid which is not synthesized in the body and therefore must be obtained from dietary proteins. Ornithine and arginine are urea cycle intermediary amino acids. Lysine and arginine are proteinogenic amino acids (they are a part of all proteins). All three share the same t ...
enzymes - Al Noor International School
... Used in making sweet food and also as food for microorganisms used in making food substances. For getting sugar directly from cane and sugar beet. Enzyme isomerase is used to convert glucose into fructose, which is sweeter than most other sugars. C. Role of enzymes in germinating seeds: In g ...
... Used in making sweet food and also as food for microorganisms used in making food substances. For getting sugar directly from cane and sugar beet. Enzyme isomerase is used to convert glucose into fructose, which is sweeter than most other sugars. C. Role of enzymes in germinating seeds: In g ...
3 Energy Pathways
... Electron Transfer Chain • The hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water which is used in various ways by the body. • The hydrogen electrons cascade through multiple reactions in the electron transfer system to release 34 ATP. • Total energy released by one glucose molecule is 38ATP (2 ATP dur ...
... Electron Transfer Chain • The hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water which is used in various ways by the body. • The hydrogen electrons cascade through multiple reactions in the electron transfer system to release 34 ATP. • Total energy released by one glucose molecule is 38ATP (2 ATP dur ...
Redox reaction during glycolysis
... • State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP. • Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. ...
... • State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP. • Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. ...
organic compounds
... reaction – A fat contains one glycerol linked to three fatty acids – Fats are often called triglycerides because of their structure – Lipids give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins because they have more H atoms. ...
... reaction – A fat contains one glycerol linked to three fatty acids – Fats are often called triglycerides because of their structure – Lipids give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins because they have more H atoms. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.