Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)
... Calorie- amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C. Unit of measurement for energy found in food. ...
... Calorie- amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C. Unit of measurement for energy found in food. ...
Biome
... particular, but you must make connections from the molecular level (macromolecules) to entire biomes Ex: How can a change in pH in soil have an impact on an ecosystem. How ...
... particular, but you must make connections from the molecular level (macromolecules) to entire biomes Ex: How can a change in pH in soil have an impact on an ecosystem. How ...
National 4 Biology Unit 1 Cell Biology Summary Notes
... Enzymes are SPECIFIC – this means that an enzyme can only react with one type of substrate molecule. Some enzymes break down molecules (degradation). This happens when an enzyme breaks a large molecule down into smaller molecules. Some degrading enzymes are : Amylase, Pepsin, Lipase and Catalase So ...
... Enzymes are SPECIFIC – this means that an enzyme can only react with one type of substrate molecule. Some enzymes break down molecules (degradation). This happens when an enzyme breaks a large molecule down into smaller molecules. Some degrading enzymes are : Amylase, Pepsin, Lipase and Catalase So ...
Ch 8 Photosynthesis
... 2 Explain How do each of the three primary factors affect the rate of photosynthesis 3 Review What are the different ways that plants cope with water shortages ...
... 2 Explain How do each of the three primary factors affect the rate of photosynthesis 3 Review What are the different ways that plants cope with water shortages ...
Metabolism
... Metabolism rates are determined by… Enzymes • Function as Biological Catalysts • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without altering the energy release of that reaction • Determine which energy pathways are best for the particular cellular activity 9Food breakdown 9Jogging 9Sprinting ...
... Metabolism rates are determined by… Enzymes • Function as Biological Catalysts • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without altering the energy release of that reaction • Determine which energy pathways are best for the particular cellular activity 9Food breakdown 9Jogging 9Sprinting ...
Some Viruses can be crystallized and stored in a jar for years
... in sugar cane, corn, and grain into ethanol in the process of ...
... in sugar cane, corn, and grain into ethanol in the process of ...
respiration 4 - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... • Without oxygen, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation cannot work • “Fermentation” metabolizes pyruvate to give some ATP, CO2 and ethanol or lactic acid • Only 4% as efficient as the oxidative phosphorylation, and ethanol and lactic acid ...
... • Without oxygen, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation cannot work • “Fermentation” metabolizes pyruvate to give some ATP, CO2 and ethanol or lactic acid • Only 4% as efficient as the oxidative phosphorylation, and ethanol and lactic acid ...
PP-Protein Synthesis
... Proteins have MANY different functions Enzymes to help control/speed up chemical reactions Help to build and repair cell structures Determine the structure & function of living organisms ...
... Proteins have MANY different functions Enzymes to help control/speed up chemical reactions Help to build and repair cell structures Determine the structure & function of living organisms ...
CHAPTERS 2 & 3 Continued
... molecules (monomers) to large polysaccharides – Sugar monomers are monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose – These can be hooked together to form the ...
... molecules (monomers) to large polysaccharides – Sugar monomers are monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose – These can be hooked together to form the ...
Module 10: Catabolism of Amino Acids
... when oleic acid, 18:1(Δ9), has undergone three cycles of β oxidation? 13. Below is list of events that occur during fatty acid oxidation. For each fatty acid drawn below, fill in the blank with the letter corresponding to any event required for 1 cycle of -oxidation of the acyl chain. (Note: -oxi ...
... when oleic acid, 18:1(Δ9), has undergone three cycles of β oxidation? 13. Below is list of events that occur during fatty acid oxidation. For each fatty acid drawn below, fill in the blank with the letter corresponding to any event required for 1 cycle of -oxidation of the acyl chain. (Note: -oxi ...
notes - UCSB College of Engineering
... Nucleotides can be bonded into long polymers at the phosphate group. Importantly, the triand di-phosphate nucleotides can carry the energy needed to be polymerized into polymers. These long polymers are the basis of information storage in living systems. Different sequences of the polymerized nucleo ...
... Nucleotides can be bonded into long polymers at the phosphate group. Importantly, the triand di-phosphate nucleotides can carry the energy needed to be polymerized into polymers. These long polymers are the basis of information storage in living systems. Different sequences of the polymerized nucleo ...
Facilitated Diffusion & active transport
... proteins go through the plasma membrane (also called transmembrane proteins). Perpherial proteins are only on the surface of the membrane.) ...
... proteins go through the plasma membrane (also called transmembrane proteins). Perpherial proteins are only on the surface of the membrane.) ...
Metabolism
... • Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. • The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). ...
... • Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. • The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... • 6.1 ATP, Reduced Coenzymes, and Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
... • 6.1 ATP, Reduced Coenzymes, and Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
Learning Outcomes
... - The temperature at which the enzyme works at its fastest rate is called the optimum temperature. - Most human enzymes have an optimum temperature of (37ºC). - At very high temperatures, enzymes will denature, this means that shape of the enzyme’s active site is changed and the enzyme will no long ...
... - The temperature at which the enzyme works at its fastest rate is called the optimum temperature. - Most human enzymes have an optimum temperature of (37ºC). - At very high temperatures, enzymes will denature, this means that shape of the enzyme’s active site is changed and the enzyme will no long ...
Review Sheet Key - Spring Branch ISD
... Pyruvic Acid ADP ATP NADH Carbon dioxide NADH ATP FAHD2 Citric Acid Water NAD+ FAD ATP Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide NAD+ ...
... Pyruvic Acid ADP ATP NADH Carbon dioxide NADH ATP FAHD2 Citric Acid Water NAD+ FAD ATP Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide NAD+ ...
Mitochondria
... following the metabolism of a piece of bread after it’s eaten. The primary component of ...
... following the metabolism of a piece of bread after it’s eaten. The primary component of ...
Metabolism II
... • It is usually surplus of carbohydrates that are converted to fat • The reactions are in principle a reversed -oxidation Synthesis of fatty acid starts with the carboxylation of acetylCoA to malonyl-CoA. This is the committed step, malonyl CoA can only be used for synthesis of fatty acid. O H3C ...
... • It is usually surplus of carbohydrates that are converted to fat • The reactions are in principle a reversed -oxidation Synthesis of fatty acid starts with the carboxylation of acetylCoA to malonyl-CoA. This is the committed step, malonyl CoA can only be used for synthesis of fatty acid. O H3C ...
Biomolecules 2009 Yingxin
... Their insolubility stops them interfering with osmosis Their compactness provides an efficient way to store lots of glucose for future cellular respiration Cellulose Made from long, straight chains of glucose Chains cross-linked by H-bonds which holds them tightly together (excludes water) ...
... Their insolubility stops them interfering with osmosis Their compactness provides an efficient way to store lots of glucose for future cellular respiration Cellulose Made from long, straight chains of glucose Chains cross-linked by H-bonds which holds them tightly together (excludes water) ...
Updated Recovery Packet for Biochemistry.
... a. transferring protons. c. transferring electrons. b. sharing an electron pair. d. sharing a proton pair. ...
... a. transferring protons. c. transferring electrons. b. sharing an electron pair. d. sharing a proton pair. ...
Cellular Respiration - Mayfield City Schools
... a. Plants manufacture their own food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS using energy from sunlight. 2. Cells harvest the chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to regenerate ATP the molecule that drives most cellular work. B. METABOLIC pathways release potential energy in organic molecules to build A ...
... a. Plants manufacture their own food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS using energy from sunlight. 2. Cells harvest the chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to regenerate ATP the molecule that drives most cellular work. B. METABOLIC pathways release potential energy in organic molecules to build A ...
metabolism of lipids
... precipitant when lead sulfide is formed Bismuth sulfite medium Iron-high agar Agar turns black when H2S +, no color change when H2S – E.g. Salmonella sp; some Proteus sp. ...
... precipitant when lead sulfide is formed Bismuth sulfite medium Iron-high agar Agar turns black when H2S +, no color change when H2S – E.g. Salmonella sp; some Proteus sp. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.