MOLECULES OF LIFE
... they catalyze. b. increase the activation energy of the reactions they catalyze. ...
... they catalyze. b. increase the activation energy of the reactions they catalyze. ...
2-BuildingBlocks
... molecules. These non-covalent bonds involve the AA side chains. Selecting from those listed in the box, which type(s) of amino acids would: A. form ionic bonds with negatively charged DNA. _________ B. form hydrogen bonds with water. __________ C. help hold together two water-soluble proteins.______ ...
... molecules. These non-covalent bonds involve the AA side chains. Selecting from those listed in the box, which type(s) of amino acids would: A. form ionic bonds with negatively charged DNA. _________ B. form hydrogen bonds with water. __________ C. help hold together two water-soluble proteins.______ ...
Chapter 24 - Metabolism
... chemical reactions that combine simple, smaller molecules into more complex molecules uses energy protein formation from amino acids carbohydrate formation from simple sugars etc. ...
... chemical reactions that combine simple, smaller molecules into more complex molecules uses energy protein formation from amino acids carbohydrate formation from simple sugars etc. ...
Slide 1
... • RNA molecule is single-stranded (rather than double stranded in DNA) • Uracil instead of Thymine. So in RNA Adenine binds with Uracil ...
... • RNA molecule is single-stranded (rather than double stranded in DNA) • Uracil instead of Thymine. So in RNA Adenine binds with Uracil ...
STARVE-FEED CYCLE 1) WELL-FED STATE (food intake
... • ↑ fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (↑ if insulin is ↑): inhibits fru-1,6-bisphosphatase (= gluconeogenesis), activates 6-PFK-1 (= glycolysis) • ↑ citrate: inhibits 6-PFK-1 (= glycolysis), activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (= fatty acid synthesis) • ↑ acetyl-CoA: inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, activates ...
... • ↑ fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (↑ if insulin is ↑): inhibits fru-1,6-bisphosphatase (= gluconeogenesis), activates 6-PFK-1 (= glycolysis) • ↑ citrate: inhibits 6-PFK-1 (= glycolysis), activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (= fatty acid synthesis) • ↑ acetyl-CoA: inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, activates ...
Unit 1.1 Molecules.pps
... Made from C H O N & sometimes S Long chains of amino acids Properties determined by the aa sequence ...
... Made from C H O N & sometimes S Long chains of amino acids Properties determined by the aa sequence ...
Cellular Respiration
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION DEFINITION • The catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell. • Oxygen is used to break down organic molecules (glucose). ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION DEFINITION • The catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell. • Oxygen is used to break down organic molecules (glucose). ...
Bioenergetics
... Chemical energy enters the body as carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which are comprised of glucose molecules, fatty acids and amino acids, respectively o The body uses these substrates to produce ATP ...
... Chemical energy enters the body as carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which are comprised of glucose molecules, fatty acids and amino acids, respectively o The body uses these substrates to produce ATP ...
Metabolism of Extremophiles
... closed circular double-stranded DNA generally smaller than bacterial chromosomes ...
... closed circular double-stranded DNA generally smaller than bacterial chromosomes ...
2. Explain how organic polymers contribute to
... to another molecule (ex: hormone receptor) • It is the consequence of the specific linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide • Produced when new chains coil & fold spontaneously (due to hydrophobic interactions) • It is stabilized by chemical bonds & weak interactions between neighboring reg ...
... to another molecule (ex: hormone receptor) • It is the consequence of the specific linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide • Produced when new chains coil & fold spontaneously (due to hydrophobic interactions) • It is stabilized by chemical bonds & weak interactions between neighboring reg ...
Cell Respiration Exam - Data Analysis and Essay Markscheme
... glucose is broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm; with a small yield of ATP / net yield of 2 ATP; and NADH + H+ / NADH; aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen; pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA; acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle; Krebs cycle yields a small amount of ATP / one ATP per cycle; and ...
... glucose is broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm; with a small yield of ATP / net yield of 2 ATP; and NADH + H+ / NADH; aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen; pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA; acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle; Krebs cycle yields a small amount of ATP / one ATP per cycle; and ...
Biology TEST: Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life (Form: mrk 2008)
... 30. Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the ____________________. 31. If an atom contains 15 protons, it must contain 15 ____________________. 32. Because they have the same number of protons and electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same ____________________ properties. 33. A ch ...
... 30. Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the ____________________. 31. If an atom contains 15 protons, it must contain 15 ____________________. 32. Because they have the same number of protons and electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same ____________________ properties. 33. A ch ...
Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration. – Cellular respiration harvests energy from organic molecules. Occurs in mitochondria. ...
... Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration. – Cellular respiration harvests energy from organic molecules. Occurs in mitochondria. ...
Cell Respiration
... 1. Glucose 6-phosphate is formed when the 6th carbon on the glucose molecule is phosphorylated by an ATP molecule. 2. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into a 5-carbon ring isomer, fructose 6phosphate. 3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated by another ATP to form fructose 1, 6diphosphate. 4. Fruct ...
... 1. Glucose 6-phosphate is formed when the 6th carbon on the glucose molecule is phosphorylated by an ATP molecule. 2. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into a 5-carbon ring isomer, fructose 6phosphate. 3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated by another ATP to form fructose 1, 6diphosphate. 4. Fruct ...
Organic Molecule Cut-Outs
... 4. Glue the “monomers” and “polymers” labels under the appropriate structures. 5. Glue the “Importance” box on the paper and write the importance of proteins (from your notes). 6. Glue the title “Proteins” in an appropriate place. 7. Repeat steps 2–7 for Carbohydrates, except you’ll have a glucose c ...
... 4. Glue the “monomers” and “polymers” labels under the appropriate structures. 5. Glue the “Importance” box on the paper and write the importance of proteins (from your notes). 6. Glue the title “Proteins” in an appropriate place. 7. Repeat steps 2–7 for Carbohydrates, except you’ll have a glucose c ...
Introduction to Biochemistry
... • Answer: breaking hydrocarbon bonds to form lower energy products ...
... • Answer: breaking hydrocarbon bonds to form lower energy products ...
PPT slides - USD Biology
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
lecture notes ch27 prokaryotes
... their cell wall, which makes them more resistant to antibiotics that target the cell wall. Different bacteria types respond differently to different antibiotics due in part to cell wall structure. Gram negative bacteria tend to cause more diseases. 4) Many prokaryotes secrete a gelatinous capsule th ...
... their cell wall, which makes them more resistant to antibiotics that target the cell wall. Different bacteria types respond differently to different antibiotics due in part to cell wall structure. Gram negative bacteria tend to cause more diseases. 4) Many prokaryotes secrete a gelatinous capsule th ...
Bacterial Classification
... – Metabolism - sum of all chemical reactions in cell – Anabolism - reactions that synthesize or “build up” e.g. protein synthesis – Catabolism - reactions that digest or “break down” e.g. starch to glucose ...
... – Metabolism - sum of all chemical reactions in cell – Anabolism - reactions that synthesize or “build up” e.g. protein synthesis – Catabolism - reactions that digest or “break down” e.g. starch to glucose ...
How do cells regulate the speed of reactions?
... - occurs in mitochondria (of eukaryotes) - pyruvic acid is oxidized - one C atom is removed & leaves as CO2 - coenzyme A is added to modified ...
... - occurs in mitochondria (of eukaryotes) - pyruvic acid is oxidized - one C atom is removed & leaves as CO2 - coenzyme A is added to modified ...
proteins and protein structure
... The functions of proteins are the essence of life itself. They make up more than 50% of the dry mass of animals. There are thousands of different proteins within the cells of living things. Examples and functions are given below. Many of an organism’s proteins are enzymes, special proteins that spee ...
... The functions of proteins are the essence of life itself. They make up more than 50% of the dry mass of animals. There are thousands of different proteins within the cells of living things. Examples and functions are given below. Many of an organism’s proteins are enzymes, special proteins that spee ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.