Chapter 25
... intermembrane space Creates a gradient, H+ gets build up in the intermembrane space H+ flow back to the matrix (by proton motive force) through a channel in ATP synthase ATP synthase adds a P to ADP ATP ...
... intermembrane space Creates a gradient, H+ gets build up in the intermembrane space H+ flow back to the matrix (by proton motive force) through a channel in ATP synthase ATP synthase adds a P to ADP ATP ...
Bio 110 S.I. chapters 6 & 7
... pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
... pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells GLUCOSE ...
... GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells GLUCOSE ...
In order to gain 1lb in body fat over 1 year a person would have to
... VI. (18pts) State whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. In either case briefly explain why. 1. (3pts) The brain uses ketone bodies and glutamine as sources of energy FALSE (1 pt). KB are used for a portion of brain energy (1 pt) but glutamine is not (1 pt) ...
... VI. (18pts) State whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. In either case briefly explain why. 1. (3pts) The brain uses ketone bodies and glutamine as sources of energy FALSE (1 pt). KB are used for a portion of brain energy (1 pt) but glutamine is not (1 pt) ...
Chapter 7 Notes
... 1. half of the carbon dioxide fixed in photosynthesis may be “lost” and not converted into glucose 2. may have a benefit in ...
... 1. half of the carbon dioxide fixed in photosynthesis may be “lost” and not converted into glucose 2. may have a benefit in ...
AP-Bio-exam-review-outline-may-2
... Carbon, 4 valence electrons Monomers, dimers, polymers Dehydration synthesis builds small molecules into large by removing water Hydrolysis breaks large molecules into smaller by adding water to break bonds Functional groups (carbonyl (aldehydes, ketones), carboxyl, sulfhydryl, methyl, ace ...
... Carbon, 4 valence electrons Monomers, dimers, polymers Dehydration synthesis builds small molecules into large by removing water Hydrolysis breaks large molecules into smaller by adding water to break bonds Functional groups (carbonyl (aldehydes, ketones), carboxyl, sulfhydryl, methyl, ace ...
Topic 13 revision notes - Mr Cartlidge`s Saigon Science Blog
... Explain that the volume and concentration of urine produced is affected by water intake, temperature and exercise ...
... Explain that the volume and concentration of urine produced is affected by water intake, temperature and exercise ...
Section 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages 226–232)
... 24. Why is more ATP generated from glucose in the presence of oxygen? When oxygen is not available, the Krebs cycle and electron transport cannot proceed, and glycolysis produces just 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Under aerobic conditions, the Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the ce ...
... 24. Why is more ATP generated from glucose in the presence of oxygen? When oxygen is not available, the Krebs cycle and electron transport cannot proceed, and glycolysis produces just 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Under aerobic conditions, the Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the ce ...
Clues from cell metabolism
... acetyl-CoA, ribose and glucose-derived nonessential amino acids. To maintain this high rate of glycolysis, a ready supply of the phosphate acceptor ADP is needed. If cellular metabolism is too efficient, all the ADP will be phosphorylated to ATP, and further glucose metabolism will be inhibited. Can ...
... acetyl-CoA, ribose and glucose-derived nonessential amino acids. To maintain this high rate of glycolysis, a ready supply of the phosphate acceptor ADP is needed. If cellular metabolism is too efficient, all the ADP will be phosphorylated to ATP, and further glucose metabolism will be inhibited. Can ...
Energy and Enzymes
... substrate. This lowers the amount of energy needed to break them. The enzyme does not form a chemical bond with the substrate. After the reaction, the products are released and the enzyme returns to its normal shape. Because the enzyme does not form chemical bonds with the substrate, it remains unch ...
... substrate. This lowers the amount of energy needed to break them. The enzyme does not form a chemical bond with the substrate. After the reaction, the products are released and the enzyme returns to its normal shape. Because the enzyme does not form chemical bonds with the substrate, it remains unch ...
Enzymes
... Enzyme Function • Enzyme-catalyzed reactions do not often occur without enzymes • Enzymes are specific to reactions • Protein is the functional part of an enzyme • Energy of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is different from the same reaction without enzyme ...
... Enzyme Function • Enzyme-catalyzed reactions do not often occur without enzymes • Enzymes are specific to reactions • Protein is the functional part of an enzyme • Energy of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is different from the same reaction without enzyme ...
Sheldon Biology Semester I Review Sheet
... 11. What are the different forms and functions of polysaccharides (all glucoses hooked together): Glycogen- branched chain (short term) stored energy for glucose Cellulose- structural support in stems of plants (we cannot digest it) Starch- complex sugar food source found in potatoes, rice, and corn ...
... 11. What are the different forms and functions of polysaccharides (all glucoses hooked together): Glycogen- branched chain (short term) stored energy for glucose Cellulose- structural support in stems of plants (we cannot digest it) Starch- complex sugar food source found in potatoes, rice, and corn ...
Articles - Santa Fe Institute
... been impeded by a formidable cognitive barrier. Because we perceive a deep gap when we think about the difference between inorganic matter and life, we feel that nature must have made a big leap to cross that gap. This point of view has led to searches for ways large and complex molecules could have ...
... been impeded by a formidable cognitive barrier. Because we perceive a deep gap when we think about the difference between inorganic matter and life, we feel that nature must have made a big leap to cross that gap. This point of view has led to searches for ways large and complex molecules could have ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HOW PLANTS MAKE THEIR
... • STEP 1. LIGHT AND CO2 ARE ABSORBED BY THE LEAVES • STEP 2. THE LIGHT SPLITS THE WATER. O2 IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. • STEP 3. H+ IS ENERGIZED AND WANTS TO GET INTO THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. • ADP is in the thylakoid and becomes ATP • ATP is made in the Electron Transport Carrier ...
... • STEP 1. LIGHT AND CO2 ARE ABSORBED BY THE LEAVES • STEP 2. THE LIGHT SPLITS THE WATER. O2 IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. • STEP 3. H+ IS ENERGIZED AND WANTS TO GET INTO THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. • ADP is in the thylakoid and becomes ATP • ATP is made in the Electron Transport Carrier ...
File
... & the citric acid cycle transfer their electrons to protein complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion as the electrons are passed down the chain, energy is released that drives the transport of H+ ions into the intermembrane space the final electron acceptor in the ETC is O2, which is ...
... & the citric acid cycle transfer their electrons to protein complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion as the electrons are passed down the chain, energy is released that drives the transport of H+ ions into the intermembrane space the final electron acceptor in the ETC is O2, which is ...
File
... The active site is not a rigid structure, it is flexible. When the substrate enters the active site, the enzyme molecule and the active site change slightly making the active site fit very closely round the substrate molecule. The induced fit ensures that the active site comes into very close contac ...
... The active site is not a rigid structure, it is flexible. When the substrate enters the active site, the enzyme molecule and the active site change slightly making the active site fit very closely round the substrate molecule. The induced fit ensures that the active site comes into very close contac ...
fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol
... absorb food. Physical digestion breaks the food down into smaller pieces and chemical digestion breaks these pieces into smaller molecules. Various enzymes and other substances, such as hydrochloric acid and bile, are involved in this process. ...
... absorb food. Physical digestion breaks the food down into smaller pieces and chemical digestion breaks these pieces into smaller molecules. Various enzymes and other substances, such as hydrochloric acid and bile, are involved in this process. ...
Biochem 4 protein notes - The Bronx High School of Science
... • changes in pH (alters electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids) • changes in salt concentration (does the same) • changes in temperature (higher temperatures reduce the strength of hydrogen bonds) • presence of reducing agents (break S-S bonds between cysteines) ...
... • changes in pH (alters electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids) • changes in salt concentration (does the same) • changes in temperature (higher temperatures reduce the strength of hydrogen bonds) • presence of reducing agents (break S-S bonds between cysteines) ...
Document
... Amino acids = More than proteins! Creatine Glutathione Heme Nitric oxide Hormones Neurotransmitters ...
... Amino acids = More than proteins! Creatine Glutathione Heme Nitric oxide Hormones Neurotransmitters ...
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Outlines Microbial Metabolism I
... bond) is provided by the movement of protons back into the cell during chemiosmosis. 3) When the protons rush back into the cell (due to the gradient), energy is released. This may cause a CONFORMATIONAL (shape) change in the enzyme ATP synthase. ATP synthase that then catalyzes the reaction: ...
... bond) is provided by the movement of protons back into the cell during chemiosmosis. 3) When the protons rush back into the cell (due to the gradient), energy is released. This may cause a CONFORMATIONAL (shape) change in the enzyme ATP synthase. ATP synthase that then catalyzes the reaction: ...
Structural Properties of Enzymes
... a window which allows the monitoring of protein bands (spectrophotometrically) as they move radially with application of centrifugal force. The rate of movement of these bands, the rate of diffusion (widening of the band), and the point at which the bands quit moving can be measured and molecular ma ...
... a window which allows the monitoring of protein bands (spectrophotometrically) as they move radially with application of centrifugal force. The rate of movement of these bands, the rate of diffusion (widening of the band), and the point at which the bands quit moving can be measured and molecular ma ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.