Carbohydrate
... with multiple hydroxyl groups. 2. Complex carbohydrates are formed by linkage of monosacchrides. 3. Carbohydrate can attach to proteins to form ...
... with multiple hydroxyl groups. 2. Complex carbohydrates are formed by linkage of monosacchrides. 3. Carbohydrate can attach to proteins to form ...
Photosynthesis
... Chemiosmotic Theory - Using the H ions (protons) in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton pump (pH gradient) in which channel proteins (ATP synthase) in the cristae generate energy to drive the formation of ATP’s by allowing the protons to flow back into the matrix from the cristae. The process in whic ...
... Chemiosmotic Theory - Using the H ions (protons) in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton pump (pH gradient) in which channel proteins (ATP synthase) in the cristae generate energy to drive the formation of ATP’s by allowing the protons to flow back into the matrix from the cristae. The process in whic ...
to make ATP= Cellular Respiration
... How is this formula similar to photosynthesis? Reactants C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose oxygen ...
... How is this formula similar to photosynthesis? Reactants C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose oxygen ...
Cell Respiration
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
Cell Respiration
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
The Central Role of Acetyl-CoA
... • Food is digested to produce molecules that are used to support life • In the context of body weight the fate of three classes of food are central o Carbohydrates (sugars) o Lipids (fats) o Amino acids (from proteins) • The metabolisms of all three overlap ...
... • Food is digested to produce molecules that are used to support life • In the context of body weight the fate of three classes of food are central o Carbohydrates (sugars) o Lipids (fats) o Amino acids (from proteins) • The metabolisms of all three overlap ...
Final Preparation
... 80. Some enzymes require certain metal ions, such as Mg2+ or Zn2+, in order to have full activity. This component is called a: A) cofactor B) coenzyme C) regulator D) substrate 82. Some enzyme requires a nonprotein organic component in order to have full activity. This nonprotein component is called ...
... 80. Some enzymes require certain metal ions, such as Mg2+ or Zn2+, in order to have full activity. This component is called a: A) cofactor B) coenzyme C) regulator D) substrate 82. Some enzyme requires a nonprotein organic component in order to have full activity. This nonprotein component is called ...
2.21 Amino Acids.docx
... 2.21 Amino Acids Similar to carbohydrates, proteins contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). However, unlike carbohydrates (and lipids) proteins also contain nitrogen (N). Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids. This name amino acid signifies that each contains an amino (N ...
... 2.21 Amino Acids Similar to carbohydrates, proteins contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). However, unlike carbohydrates (and lipids) proteins also contain nitrogen (N). Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids. This name amino acid signifies that each contains an amino (N ...
Chapter 6: Metabolism and Energy
... Substances bind to enzyme and change its shape When shape changes activity is altered Inhibitors change shape and shut off activity Competitive inhibitors bind at same site as substrate Non-competitive inhibitors bind at different site Feedback inhibition: end product inhibits reaction early in path ...
... Substances bind to enzyme and change its shape When shape changes activity is altered Inhibitors change shape and shut off activity Competitive inhibitors bind at same site as substrate Non-competitive inhibitors bind at different site Feedback inhibition: end product inhibits reaction early in path ...
Protein Nucleic Acids - Sewanhaka Central High School District
... • A- only gastric protease would be active if the pH of the mixture was basic • B- gastric protease would be more active than intestinal protease at pH 6 • C-both enzymes would exhibit some activity at pH 5 ...
... • A- only gastric protease would be active if the pH of the mixture was basic • B- gastric protease would be more active than intestinal protease at pH 6 • C-both enzymes would exhibit some activity at pH 5 ...
genetics (chapter 19-22)
... 2 - Be familiar with the following chemical symbols: H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe. 3 - Describe and distinguish between the following types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, hydrogen. 4 - Discuss the properties of water. 5 - Be familiar with the chemical structure and general function o ...
... 2 - Be familiar with the following chemical symbols: H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe. 3 - Describe and distinguish between the following types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, hydrogen. 4 - Discuss the properties of water. 5 - Be familiar with the chemical structure and general function o ...
Energy and Glycolysis
... to “do work”, making it ADP • ADP can get a P back, to change back to ATP, during respiration or photosynthesis • ATP has three P’s (T is for tri) and is a ‘charged battery’ • ADP has two P’s (D is for di) and is the ‘uncharged battery’ ...
... to “do work”, making it ADP • ADP can get a P back, to change back to ATP, during respiration or photosynthesis • ATP has three P’s (T is for tri) and is a ‘charged battery’ • ADP has two P’s (D is for di) and is the ‘uncharged battery’ ...
Chapter 4 - Dr. Dorena Rode
... Assume you have recently consumed a delicious cheeseburger as a source of body fuel. Also, assume that digestion and absorption into the body was successful such that simple sugars (like glucose) from carbohydrates, triglycerides from lipids, and amino acids from proteins are now present in your bod ...
... Assume you have recently consumed a delicious cheeseburger as a source of body fuel. Also, assume that digestion and absorption into the body was successful such that simple sugars (like glucose) from carbohydrates, triglycerides from lipids, and amino acids from proteins are now present in your bod ...
B. True or False/Edit
... a. Reducing agents donate electrons to another atom or molecule. b. Oxidizing agents accept electrons from another atom or molecule. c. An atom or molecule cannot be both an oxidizing and reducing agent. d. Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions. e. All of these statements regarding ox ...
... a. Reducing agents donate electrons to another atom or molecule. b. Oxidizing agents accept electrons from another atom or molecule. c. An atom or molecule cannot be both an oxidizing and reducing agent. d. Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions. e. All of these statements regarding ox ...
Document
... 5. ___A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of: a. amino acids b. RNA nucleotides c. fatty acids d. DNA nucleotides. 6. ___During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary: a. nucleotide sequence in DNA b. tRNA molecule c. mRNA codon d. protein molecule. ...
... 5. ___A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of: a. amino acids b. RNA nucleotides c. fatty acids d. DNA nucleotides. 6. ___During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary: a. nucleotide sequence in DNA b. tRNA molecule c. mRNA codon d. protein molecule. ...
• What are enzymes? They`re special type of protein that accelerates
... changing its shape, it requires or acts on one molecule or one substrate • Lysases: addition or removal of one molecule to a chemical structure, without splitting it like adding to a double bond ...
... changing its shape, it requires or acts on one molecule or one substrate • Lysases: addition or removal of one molecule to a chemical structure, without splitting it like adding to a double bond ...
Chapter 6-7 Review Game
... electrons…ATP:energy…NADPH:high energy-electrons Carbon dioxide:carbon…ATP:energy…NADPH:highenergy electrons Carbon dioxide:high-energy electrons…ATP:carbon…NADPH:energy Carbon dioxide:energy…ATP:carbon…NADPH:highenergy electrons Carbon dioxide:hydrogen…ATP:carbon…NADPH:energy ...
... electrons…ATP:energy…NADPH:high energy-electrons Carbon dioxide:carbon…ATP:energy…NADPH:highenergy electrons Carbon dioxide:high-energy electrons…ATP:carbon…NADPH:energy Carbon dioxide:energy…ATP:carbon…NADPH:highenergy electrons Carbon dioxide:hydrogen…ATP:carbon…NADPH:energy ...
Recitation Presentation #7 - McKenna`s MBios 303 Archive Site
... What are Oxidation and Reduction? Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons ...
... What are Oxidation and Reduction? Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons ...
2, The Glyoxylate Pathway
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
Document
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
... intermediates. GAP and F6P are consumed through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation or recycled by gluconeogenesis to form G6P. In the latter case, 1 G6P can be converted, via 6 cycles of pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, to 6 CO2 and 12 NADPH. • When R5P is needed more than NADPH, ...
Sheldon Biology Semester I Review Sheet
... Proteins Amino acids polypeptide chains primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary Remove 1 water molecule to make a peptide bond ...
... Proteins Amino acids polypeptide chains primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary Remove 1 water molecule to make a peptide bond ...
2421_Ch2.ppt
... Due largely to interactions such as cross-linking between distant portions of the molecule (see image – next slide) Quaternary Structure – shape due to interactions between different polypeptides making up a larger protein ...
... Due largely to interactions such as cross-linking between distant portions of the molecule (see image – next slide) Quaternary Structure – shape due to interactions between different polypeptides making up a larger protein ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.