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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cycle • Sunlight • ATP • sugar THE BIG PICTURE Photosynthesis OXYGEN Provides the _____________ we sugars breathe and the __________ heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive Carbon WATER dioxide _____________ + ____________ Sugars Oxygen _______________ + ____________ Cells transform energy from sun into chemical potential energy Reactants Products 6CO2 + 6H2O Carbon Dioxide Water sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 glucose oxygen Conservation of Mass and Energy • Matter and energy can never be created or destroyed, only transformed Sun energy chemical potential energy(glucose) Light Energy Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2 Factors effecting photosynthesis • • • • 1. amount of water 2. amount of carbon dioxide 3. amount of sunlight 4. Temperature Factors that Affect Photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so slow or stop A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG Factors that Affect Photosynthesis TEMPERATURE Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally Factors that Affect Photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY ____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis See effect of light experiment http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%2 How do these organisms get energy from sun? Plants? Animals? • Photosynthesis • Eating organisms that can photosynthesis? • Explain us eating hamburgers… What two reactants cause a plant to gain mass? • 6CO2 + 6H2O sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 • What attributes to the mass gain of a plant? • How do you know its this product? • So what two reactant contribute to mass gain? Cellular Respiration …Is the reason we breath Oxygen in and Carbon Dioxide out The process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make ATP= Cellular Respiration How is this formula similar to photosynthesis? Reactants C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose oxygen Products 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy carbon water ATP dioxide Net reaction shown above A gradual release of energy from breaking down of glucose. This happens when there is oxygen present. If it released energy all at once all the energy would be lost as heat and light Cellular Respiration Aerobic – in the presence of oxygen When one molecule of glucose breaks down… 36 ATP produced 38% efficient (better than standard car) 62% remaining, released as heat Anaerobic – in the absence of oxygen • A different metabolic pathway used • Only 2 ATP produced • Animals: lactic acid fermentation • Plants: alcoholic fermentation Compare Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Oxygen present 36 ATP total Generates 18X more ATP • No oxygen present • Makes 2 ATP only • Fermentation occurs Our body uses both systems Long Term energy Quick Energy – Sprints and resistant training! After 90 seconds the only way to fuel activity is with CELLULAR RESPRIRATION Releases energy more slowly than fermentation so must pace yourself Glycogen supplies in cell last 2030 minutes Then use Fat (good for weight control 1st - uses small amts of ATP produced previously Use reserves of ATP for few seconds (50 meter dash) THEN - ATP produced by lactic acid fermentation - up to 90 seconds (200-300 meters) Get rid of lactic acid with oxygen - breath harder after race Answer the following • If a cell has both chloroplasts and mitochondria, what type of organisms is it? • If a cell is found only to have mitochondria what type of organism is it from? • Explain why light given off by a campfire is indirectly energy from the sun? • Why would a person lose weight if they exercised more, but ate the same amount? Cellular Respiration! • The process of cellular respiration results in a decreaase in mass! (weight loss).
