F212 2.1.1 Biological Molecules Proteins
... • 2 are known as α chains, and 2 are β chains. • The haemoglobin molecule is a water-soluble globular protein. • The haem group, which contains an iron (Fe2+ ) ion, is the part that binds to oxygen. • It is not an amino acid and is known as a prosthetic group. • Haemoglobin is a conjugated protein a ...
... • 2 are known as α chains, and 2 are β chains. • The haemoglobin molecule is a water-soluble globular protein. • The haem group, which contains an iron (Fe2+ ) ion, is the part that binds to oxygen. • It is not an amino acid and is known as a prosthetic group. • Haemoglobin is a conjugated protein a ...
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP
... cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A. The catabolism of molecules from all three major foodscarbohydrate, protein and lipids-produces acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA, is the fuel for citric acid cycle. Fatty acids are major source of acetyl CoA. A series of reactions called -oxidation pat ...
... cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A. The catabolism of molecules from all three major foodscarbohydrate, protein and lipids-produces acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA, is the fuel for citric acid cycle. Fatty acids are major source of acetyl CoA. A series of reactions called -oxidation pat ...
File
... The substituting of one amino acid for another can have serious consequences. For example sickle cell anemia results when one amino acid is substituted with another one. This is the primary structure of bovine insulin. ...
... The substituting of one amino acid for another can have serious consequences. For example sickle cell anemia results when one amino acid is substituted with another one. This is the primary structure of bovine insulin. ...
Exam2-2007.doc
... 17) What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls? A) nucleus B) cytosol C) endoplasmic reticulum D) cytoskeleton E) ribosomes 18) Which of the following has potential energy? A) water droplet on top of a waterfall B) glucose molecule C) diver on a springboard D) 9V battery E) al ...
... 17) What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls? A) nucleus B) cytosol C) endoplasmic reticulum D) cytoskeleton E) ribosomes 18) Which of the following has potential energy? A) water droplet on top of a waterfall B) glucose molecule C) diver on a springboard D) 9V battery E) al ...
Ch 6 Metabolism_ Energy and Enzymes
... chemical reactions inside the cytoplasm. They are needed only in small amounts They remain unchanged after each reaction and can therefore be reused Each enzyme is specific for a substrate ...
... chemical reactions inside the cytoplasm. They are needed only in small amounts They remain unchanged after each reaction and can therefore be reused Each enzyme is specific for a substrate ...
Digestion processes
... proteins within the cells to make intestine chylomicrons, which are extruded by exocytosis. • The chylomicrons enter the lacteals of the villi and are transported to the systemic circulation via the lymph in the ...
... proteins within the cells to make intestine chylomicrons, which are extruded by exocytosis. • The chylomicrons enter the lacteals of the villi and are transported to the systemic circulation via the lymph in the ...
review-examIII-2011
... A. is a waste product that is excreted from cells. B. is stored within the cell for future synthesis of tryglycerides. C. can be used as either a source of energy or for gluconeogenesis. ...
... A. is a waste product that is excreted from cells. B. is stored within the cell for future synthesis of tryglycerides. C. can be used as either a source of energy or for gluconeogenesis. ...
ATP? - MCC Year 12 Biology
... Large molecules made from smaller molecules requiring energy in the form of ATP ...
... Large molecules made from smaller molecules requiring energy in the form of ATP ...
Biological Chemistry II: Problem Set 1
... How long is the molecule? (b) A 40 amino acid peptide fragment forms a two-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet with a hairpin loop consisting of 4 residues. What is the largest dimension of this motif? (c) Although β-hairpin structures are often unstable in solution, incorporation of D-ProXaa sequences h ...
... How long is the molecule? (b) A 40 amino acid peptide fragment forms a two-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet with a hairpin loop consisting of 4 residues. What is the largest dimension of this motif? (c) Although β-hairpin structures are often unstable in solution, incorporation of D-ProXaa sequences h ...
Energy Exam Review - Lewiston School District
... A).Light reaction of photosynthesis B).Dark reaction of photosynthesis C).Formation of ATP from ADP D).”Excited” electrons in the chlorophyll ...
... A).Light reaction of photosynthesis B).Dark reaction of photosynthesis C).Formation of ATP from ADP D).”Excited” electrons in the chlorophyll ...
1) From
... to synthesize nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. • Likewise they share the metabolic processes required to generate chemical energy for these processes: glycolysis, pentose-phosphate shunt, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation. • Neurons must be able to synthesize and metabol ...
... to synthesize nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. • Likewise they share the metabolic processes required to generate chemical energy for these processes: glycolysis, pentose-phosphate shunt, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation. • Neurons must be able to synthesize and metabol ...
BIOLOGY COMPETITION REVIEW QUESTIONS PRACTICE EXAM
... 47. How does a noncompetitive inhibitor inhibit binding of a substrate to an enzyme? a. It binds to the substrate. b. It binds to the active site. c. It lowers the activation energy. d. It increases the change in free energy ( G) of the reaction. e. It changes the shape of the active site. 47. Which ...
... 47. How does a noncompetitive inhibitor inhibit binding of a substrate to an enzyme? a. It binds to the substrate. b. It binds to the active site. c. It lowers the activation energy. d. It increases the change in free energy ( G) of the reaction. e. It changes the shape of the active site. 47. Which ...
Study Guide for Cellular Respiration Answers
... making ATP from ADP and a phosphate, by means of a proton motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis. 3. catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds often with the release of energy. An example would be ...
... making ATP from ADP and a phosphate, by means of a proton motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis. 3. catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds often with the release of energy. An example would be ...
Cellular Respiration
... Summary of the steps of Glycolysis: a. 2 ATP added to glucose (6C) to energize it. b. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. ...
... Summary of the steps of Glycolysis: a. 2 ATP added to glucose (6C) to energize it. b. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... Answer any two of the following, each within 1500 words; Draw diagrams wherever necessary: (2x20= 40 marks) 26. Elaborate on pH scale and pH meter. Add a note on Henderson Hasselbalch equation. 27. Write in detail about the steps involved in synthesis and degradation of fatty acids. 28. Analyze biom ...
... Answer any two of the following, each within 1500 words; Draw diagrams wherever necessary: (2x20= 40 marks) 26. Elaborate on pH scale and pH meter. Add a note on Henderson Hasselbalch equation. 27. Write in detail about the steps involved in synthesis and degradation of fatty acids. 28. Analyze biom ...
Review sheet – Chapter 5
... Understand that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed Understand that energy conversions are never 100% efficient and some of this energy is lost as ...
... Understand that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed Understand that energy conversions are never 100% efficient and some of this energy is lost as ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... Lasts only 46 seconds. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lasts up to 90 seconds (sprints) ...
... Lasts only 46 seconds. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lasts up to 90 seconds (sprints) ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 10 Notes
... Why is ATP PO4 bond high energy bond? It is not breaking of bond - it is difference in free energy between reactant and product. ATP + H2O <-------> ADP + Pi ...
... Why is ATP PO4 bond high energy bond? It is not breaking of bond - it is difference in free energy between reactant and product. ATP + H2O <-------> ADP + Pi ...
Handout (Original Version).
... MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY BACKGROUND: You have just completed an activity in which you made a cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships between seven organisms. The data used to draw that cladogram was based on shared characteristics that were inherited from their ancestors. Biochemical ...
... MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY BACKGROUND: You have just completed an activity in which you made a cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships between seven organisms. The data used to draw that cladogram was based on shared characteristics that were inherited from their ancestors. Biochemical ...
A1985ASW1100001
... the amino acids was bound to the new RNA reversibly and at a separate site. The clincher as to its role in protein synthesis was that after it was charged with amino acids and reisolated, its bound amino acids were rapidly and quantitatively transferred to peptide linkages in protein on ribosomes~An ...
... the amino acids was bound to the new RNA reversibly and at a separate site. The clincher as to its role in protein synthesis was that after it was charged with amino acids and reisolated, its bound amino acids were rapidly and quantitatively transferred to peptide linkages in protein on ribosomes~An ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.