Chapter 3
... What do mitochondria do and what do they look like? • A highly folded organelle in eukaryotic cells • Produces energy in the form of ATP • They are thought to be derived from an engulfed prokaryotic cell ...
... What do mitochondria do and what do they look like? • A highly folded organelle in eukaryotic cells • Produces energy in the form of ATP • They are thought to be derived from an engulfed prokaryotic cell ...
Metabolic fate of amino acid
... (aminotransferases) can function both in amino acid catabolism and biosynthesis. • Pyridoxal phosphate resides at the catalytic site of all transaminases. • Alanine-pyruvate transaminase (alanine transaminase) and glutamate a -ketoglutarate transaminase (glutamate transaminase), present in most anim ...
... (aminotransferases) can function both in amino acid catabolism and biosynthesis. • Pyridoxal phosphate resides at the catalytic site of all transaminases. • Alanine-pyruvate transaminase (alanine transaminase) and glutamate a -ketoglutarate transaminase (glutamate transaminase), present in most anim ...
Document
... 1. Rough ER has ribosomes and smooth ER does not. Rough ER is where oligosaccharide groups are attached to polypeptides. Smooth ER is the area from which vesicles carrying proteins and lipids are budded, inactivates harmful chemicals and breaks down fatty acids. 2. The golgi bodies are where protein ...
... 1. Rough ER has ribosomes and smooth ER does not. Rough ER is where oligosaccharide groups are attached to polypeptides. Smooth ER is the area from which vesicles carrying proteins and lipids are budded, inactivates harmful chemicals and breaks down fatty acids. 2. The golgi bodies are where protein ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... • Location --inside mitochondria “One-Two Punch” – Carbonyl group released as CO2 – NAD+ reduced to NADH – Leaves Acetyl--picked up by CoA & becomes Acetyl CoA ...
... • Location --inside mitochondria “One-Two Punch” – Carbonyl group released as CO2 – NAD+ reduced to NADH – Leaves Acetyl--picked up by CoA & becomes Acetyl CoA ...
page-182 - WordPress.com
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.+ All of the other stages of aerobic respiration—pyruvate 2 CO + 3 NADH + 3 H + FADH + ATP + CoA oxidation, the2 citric acid cycle, the electron2 transport chain, and chemiosmosis—occur in the 8. The important molecule is needed for oxidative phosphorylation but not ...
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.+ All of the other stages of aerobic respiration—pyruvate 2 CO + 3 NADH + 3 H + FADH + ATP + CoA oxidation, the2 citric acid cycle, the electron2 transport chain, and chemiosmosis—occur in the 8. The important molecule is needed for oxidative phosphorylation but not ...
General method for synthesis of azo dyes
... • The molecule is effectively neutral – it carries equal and opposite charges • This is rarely near pH 7 because the molecule ionisation tendencies are affected by the other groups in the molecule. ...
... • The molecule is effectively neutral – it carries equal and opposite charges • This is rarely near pH 7 because the molecule ionisation tendencies are affected by the other groups in the molecule. ...
Grade 12 University Biology
... Most diverse molecules in living organisms and most important Enzymes Proteins that act as biological catalysts Amino Acids The building blocks that made complex chains of proteins. ...
... Most diverse molecules in living organisms and most important Enzymes Proteins that act as biological catalysts Amino Acids The building blocks that made complex chains of proteins. ...
Second Sample Exam
... E) Only i, ii, and iii are correct. 6. Which of the following statements about the light reactions in photosynthetic plants is false? A) The light reactions do not occur in the dark. B) A membrane-bound ATP synthase uses a proton gradient to make ATP. C) There are two distinct photosystems, linked t ...
... E) Only i, ii, and iii are correct. 6. Which of the following statements about the light reactions in photosynthetic plants is false? A) The light reactions do not occur in the dark. B) A membrane-bound ATP synthase uses a proton gradient to make ATP. C) There are two distinct photosystems, linked t ...
The Cell cont.
... The cell contains salts, sugars, proteins, and other molecules and when put into fresh water, it will almost always be hypertonic and cause the cell to swell and possibly burst. ...
... The cell contains salts, sugars, proteins, and other molecules and when put into fresh water, it will almost always be hypertonic and cause the cell to swell and possibly burst. ...
Lesson_3_liver_function
... • Liver cells contain many enzymes that make toxins less toxic e.g. catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into …….. ...
... • Liver cells contain many enzymes that make toxins less toxic e.g. catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into …….. ...
Cell Respiration SAT II Review
... Oxidation of Pyruvate /Link Reaction • When Oxygen is present, the 2 Pyruvates are translocated to the matrix of the mitochondrion where they are converted into 2 Acetyl CoA (C2). • Each Pyruvate releases CO2 (decarboxylation) to form Acetate. • The Acetate is oxidized and gives electrons and H+ io ...
... Oxidation of Pyruvate /Link Reaction • When Oxygen is present, the 2 Pyruvates are translocated to the matrix of the mitochondrion where they are converted into 2 Acetyl CoA (C2). • Each Pyruvate releases CO2 (decarboxylation) to form Acetate. • The Acetate is oxidized and gives electrons and H+ io ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... • Under anaerobic condition, e.g. in exercising muscles and in erythrocytes, the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. • In aerobic condition, cell pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by multienzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase, instead of being reduced to lactate. • In erythrocytes, the first si ...
... • Under anaerobic condition, e.g. in exercising muscles and in erythrocytes, the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. • In aerobic condition, cell pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by multienzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase, instead of being reduced to lactate. • In erythrocytes, the first si ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
... Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
doc Midterm 2001. Bio 201
... b) for each molecule of glucose, glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH c) in E. coli, complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 32 ATP d) for each molecule of glucose, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 2 NADH e) less energy is captured from oxidation of glucose carbons in glycol ...
... b) for each molecule of glucose, glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH c) in E. coli, complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 32 ATP d) for each molecule of glucose, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA yields 2 NADH e) less energy is captured from oxidation of glucose carbons in glycol ...
Chemistry 160 Homework 1
... 4. Describe Hydrogen bonds. Give an example. 5. What is the velcro effect? 6. Using a diagram, show how sodium chloride dissolves in water. 7. Define amphipathic. Give an example of an amphipathic molecule. 8. Diagram and explain how soaps work. 9. Define chemical equilibrium. 10. Write equilibrium ...
... 4. Describe Hydrogen bonds. Give an example. 5. What is the velcro effect? 6. Using a diagram, show how sodium chloride dissolves in water. 7. Define amphipathic. Give an example of an amphipathic molecule. 8. Diagram and explain how soaps work. 9. Define chemical equilibrium. 10. Write equilibrium ...
Amino acids & proteins part 2
... After today you should be able to: – Define the structural levels of proteins. – Identify the structural units of the protein backbone. – Explain why some backbone conformations are “forbidden”, i.e. not found in natural proteins. – Name properties on which the amino acids can be grouped. – Name m ...
... After today you should be able to: – Define the structural levels of proteins. – Identify the structural units of the protein backbone. – Explain why some backbone conformations are “forbidden”, i.e. not found in natural proteins. – Name properties on which the amino acids can be grouped. – Name m ...
Multiple Choice: Choose the one best answer to each question
... 29) How many of the items indicted below would be produced if palmitate (a 16 carbon long fatty acid) underwent beta-oxidation (BUT NOT TCA) in the mitochondrial matrix? 4 pts ...
... 29) How many of the items indicted below would be produced if palmitate (a 16 carbon long fatty acid) underwent beta-oxidation (BUT NOT TCA) in the mitochondrial matrix? 4 pts ...
Topic 2 Review
... codon in the A site with the anticodon of an incoming molecule of tRNA with its amino acid. Peptide bond formation: component of large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid extending from the P site and the newly arrived amino acid in the A site. The poly ...
... codon in the A site with the anticodon of an incoming molecule of tRNA with its amino acid. Peptide bond formation: component of large ribosomal subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid extending from the P site and the newly arrived amino acid in the A site. The poly ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... transport chain, as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, they lose much of their free energy. Part of this energy can be captured and stored by the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This process is called oxidative phosphorylation. The remainder of the free ...
... transport chain, as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, they lose much of their free energy. Part of this energy can be captured and stored by the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This process is called oxidative phosphorylation. The remainder of the free ...
Topic 4: Biochemistry and Marcomolecules
... Hydrolysis: Breaking down of polymers into smaller subunits using water. ...
... Hydrolysis: Breaking down of polymers into smaller subunits using water. ...
Lec.8 Lysosomes
... lysosomes. Some examples of enzymes present in these organelles include nucleases, proteases, lipases, and carbohydrases. These enzymes are used to dissolve nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, respectively. All these enzymes are typically hydrolytic (acid hydrolases) they work best at ...
... lysosomes. Some examples of enzymes present in these organelles include nucleases, proteases, lipases, and carbohydrases. These enzymes are used to dissolve nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, respectively. All these enzymes are typically hydrolytic (acid hydrolases) they work best at ...
Transcription & Translation PowerPoint
... Which of the following reactions occurs when a dipeptide is formed from amino acids? A. Hydrolysis B. Denaturation C. Condensation D. Oxidation ...
... Which of the following reactions occurs when a dipeptide is formed from amino acids? A. Hydrolysis B. Denaturation C. Condensation D. Oxidation ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.