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Membrane-bound and extracellular P4actamase
... Stmptomyces griseus NRRL B-2682. The enzyme has membrane-bound and extracellular forms. Biochemical characterization of some of the properties of the enzyme showed that it belongs to the class A group of penicillinases. Comparison of the membrane-bound and extracellular forms of the & lactamases sug ...
... Stmptomyces griseus NRRL B-2682. The enzyme has membrane-bound and extracellular forms. Biochemical characterization of some of the properties of the enzyme showed that it belongs to the class A group of penicillinases. Comparison of the membrane-bound and extracellular forms of the & lactamases sug ...
Microscopy Microanalysis
... by bacteria form a large class of polymers implicated in various processes such as the formation of structure and architecture of biofilm matrices and calcium carbonate precipitation ~Ercole et al., 2007; Decho, 2009; Dittrich & Sibler, 2010!. Extracellular polymeric materials consist of various org ...
... by bacteria form a large class of polymers implicated in various processes such as the formation of structure and architecture of biofilm matrices and calcium carbonate precipitation ~Ercole et al., 2007; Decho, 2009; Dittrich & Sibler, 2010!. Extracellular polymeric materials consist of various org ...
Word - The Open University
... The rate of assembly of an actin filament depends on the concentration of the monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are refe ...
... The rate of assembly of an actin filament depends on the concentration of the monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are refe ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
Mitochondrial protein import: from transport pathways to an
... Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, import most of their proteins from the cytosol. It was originally assumed that mitochondria imported precursor proteins via a general pathway but recent studies have revealed a remarkable variety of import pathways and mechanisms. Currently, five different ...
... Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, import most of their proteins from the cytosol. It was originally assumed that mitochondria imported precursor proteins via a general pathway but recent studies have revealed a remarkable variety of import pathways and mechanisms. Currently, five different ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
Scaffold nucleoporins Nup188 and Nup192 share
... eLife digest The nucleus of a cell is surrounded by a two-layered membrane that controls the flow of molecules from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and vice versa. The molecular traffic between the cytoplasm and nucleus is essentially controlled by nuclear pore complexes—large, multi-protein structur ...
... eLife digest The nucleus of a cell is surrounded by a two-layered membrane that controls the flow of molecules from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and vice versa. The molecular traffic between the cytoplasm and nucleus is essentially controlled by nuclear pore complexes—large, multi-protein structur ...
Enzyme Activities Associated with Carbohydrate
... antinotransferase. This enzyme may be a point of control for chitin synthesis. The results in Fig. 2 ( d ) were obtained with concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine giving maximum enzyme activity. Study of the relative enzyme activity shown by the ratio of the activity in the two forms ...
... antinotransferase. This enzyme may be a point of control for chitin synthesis. The results in Fig. 2 ( d ) were obtained with concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine giving maximum enzyme activity. Study of the relative enzyme activity shown by the ratio of the activity in the two forms ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... phase viscosity of small solutes is only 10% to 30% less in cytoplasm than in water [reviewed in (13)]. Although diffusion can be the principle mechanism of molecular movement for interactions on a ⬃ 20 nm scale, it cannot completely explain the mechanism by which molecules move over greater distanc ...
... phase viscosity of small solutes is only 10% to 30% less in cytoplasm than in water [reviewed in (13)]. Although diffusion can be the principle mechanism of molecular movement for interactions on a ⬃ 20 nm scale, it cannot completely explain the mechanism by which molecules move over greater distanc ...
... 27, 47). GXM, for instance, has an average molecular mass ranging from 1.7 ⫻ 106 to 7 ⫻ 106 Da (27). Several studies by our group and others indicate that C. neoformans synthesizes GXM intracellularly and then transports the polysaccharide to the extracellular space for assembly into a capsule (17, ...
Amassin, an olfactomedin protein, mediates the massive
... from the body cavity, a massive cell–cell adhesion of coelomocytes occurs. This event is referred to as clotting. Clotting is thought to be a defense mechanism against loss of coelomic fluid if the body wall is punctured, and it may also function in the cellular encapsulation of foreign material and ...
... from the body cavity, a massive cell–cell adhesion of coelomocytes occurs. This event is referred to as clotting. Clotting is thought to be a defense mechanism against loss of coelomic fluid if the body wall is punctured, and it may also function in the cellular encapsulation of foreign material and ...
... 27, 47). GXM, for instance, has an average molecular mass ranging from 1.7 ⫻ 106 to 7 ⫻ 106 Da (27). Several studies by our group and others indicate that C. neoformans synthesizes GXM intracellularly and then transports the polysaccharide to the extracellular space for assembly into a capsule (17, ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... been described, among which ageing has drawn most attention in the course of the last decade. Mostly, ageing is defined as the progressive loss of function in all constituents of living cells, leading to a decrease in both survival rate and reproductive capability. Several theories have been develope ...
... been described, among which ageing has drawn most attention in the course of the last decade. Mostly, ageing is defined as the progressive loss of function in all constituents of living cells, leading to a decrease in both survival rate and reproductive capability. Several theories have been develope ...
Materials and methods - HAL
... in a mode of sub-conductance state [1]. Second, MCa has a unique sequence homology with a cytoplasmic domain (termed domain A) of the pore-forming subunit of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine (DHP)sensitive voltage-gated calcium channel (DHP receptor, DHPR). This homology implicates a DHPR region ...
... in a mode of sub-conductance state [1]. Second, MCa has a unique sequence homology with a cytoplasmic domain (termed domain A) of the pore-forming subunit of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine (DHP)sensitive voltage-gated calcium channel (DHP receptor, DHPR). This homology implicates a DHPR region ...
Ch. 20.2
... The smallest and most abundant microorganisms on Earth are prokaryotes—unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes have DNA, like all other cells, but their DNA is not found in a membrane-bound nuclear envelope as it is in eukaryotes. Prokaryote DNA is located in the cytoplasm. A bacteriu ...
... The smallest and most abundant microorganisms on Earth are prokaryotes—unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes have DNA, like all other cells, but their DNA is not found in a membrane-bound nuclear envelope as it is in eukaryotes. Prokaryote DNA is located in the cytoplasm. A bacteriu ...
Penicillin Poster
... Penicillin (represented by Figure 4) is a class of drugs with a characteristic ring (β-lactam ring). Penicillin inhibits its target protein by mimicking D-alanine-alanine as shown below (Figure 5): compare the placement of oxygens and nitrogens. ...
... Penicillin (represented by Figure 4) is a class of drugs with a characteristic ring (β-lactam ring). Penicillin inhibits its target protein by mimicking D-alanine-alanine as shown below (Figure 5): compare the placement of oxygens and nitrogens. ...
Chemistry in living systems
... transformation has been used to chemically modify mammalian cell surfaces19, 22, 23, 57, 58. More recently, Sadamoto and coworkers introduced ketones into bacterial cell walls and labeled the reporters with a hydrazide-based fluorophore59. Although suitable for chemical modifications in the presence ...
... transformation has been used to chemically modify mammalian cell surfaces19, 22, 23, 57, 58. More recently, Sadamoto and coworkers introduced ketones into bacterial cell walls and labeled the reporters with a hydrazide-based fluorophore59. Although suitable for chemical modifications in the presence ...
transporters - Warner Pacific College
... glucose is much higher than that inside the cell • Glucose is transported inward by a glucose transporter (GLUT; GLUT1 in erythrocytes) • GLUT1 is an integral membrane protein with 12 transmembrane segments, which form a cavity ...
... glucose is much higher than that inside the cell • Glucose is transported inward by a glucose transporter (GLUT; GLUT1 in erythrocytes) • GLUT1 is an integral membrane protein with 12 transmembrane segments, which form a cavity ...
Bleaching Chemiclas for the Kraft Pulping Industry
... attracted to the anode. However, to ensure that NaOH and Cl2 do not react together to form sodium hypochlorite, the two chemicals are produced in compartments separated by a cation exchange membrane that allows Na+ ions through, but restricts OH- migration. This means that Cl2 forms on the anolyte s ...
... attracted to the anode. However, to ensure that NaOH and Cl2 do not react together to form sodium hypochlorite, the two chemicals are produced in compartments separated by a cation exchange membrane that allows Na+ ions through, but restricts OH- migration. This means that Cl2 forms on the anolyte s ...
Cryptic O2 –-generating NADPH oxidase in
... resembles that of neutrophils and macrophages. Since the latter cells have the capacity to produce large amounts of the superoxide anion O2– and derived microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of an NADPH oxidase complex (for reviews, see Dinauer, 1993; De Leo and Quinn, 19 ...
... resembles that of neutrophils and macrophages. Since the latter cells have the capacity to produce large amounts of the superoxide anion O2– and derived microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of an NADPH oxidase complex (for reviews, see Dinauer, 1993; De Leo and Quinn, 19 ...
Subcellular Localization and Activity of Multidrug
... cell population that does not express the protein at all, we could easily ascertain the phenotypes conferred by the protein of interest, because nonexpressing cells were present alongside cells expressing the protein and exposed to identical culture conditions. The ECFP tag on each protein permitted ...
... cell population that does not express the protein at all, we could easily ascertain the phenotypes conferred by the protein of interest, because nonexpressing cells were present alongside cells expressing the protein and exposed to identical culture conditions. The ECFP tag on each protein permitted ...
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
... Podocytes are essential for the function of the kidney glomerular filter. A highly differentiated cytoskeleton is requisite for their integrity. Although much knowledge has been gained on the organization of cortical actin networks in podocyte’s foot processes, less is known about the molecular orga ...
... Podocytes are essential for the function of the kidney glomerular filter. A highly differentiated cytoskeleton is requisite for their integrity. Although much knowledge has been gained on the organization of cortical actin networks in podocyte’s foot processes, less is known about the molecular orga ...
Cytosol
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowded_cytosol.png?width=300)
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.